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Complementary Therapies in Clinical... Aug 2022The intestinal flora is involved in the bone development of children through a variety of mechanisms, but it remains unclear whether intervention of the intestinal flora... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The intestinal flora is involved in the bone development of children through a variety of mechanisms, but it remains unclear whether intervention of the intestinal flora can enhance children's bone development.
METHODS
Six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched for all English and Chinese studies published up to August 2021. Stata version 16.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA) was used. Bone mass density and biochemical markers related to bone metabolism were reported as the primary outcome, and the secondary outcomes were anthropometric parameters such as height, height Z score for age, and height velocity. Intergroup differences were determined by standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
A total of 3245 participants from 20 RCTs and 370 participants from 8 crossover trials were included in the study. Significant differences were found in bone mineral density (SMD 0.47; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.66; p < 0.001; I = 0.00%) and total serum calcium (SMD 1.07; 95% CI, 0.39 to 1.74; p < 0.001; I = 61.9%), as well as in height Z score for age (SMD = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.22; P = 0.044; I = 0%). The overall quality of evidence ranged from moderate to very low.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that intestinal flora intervention was an effective method of improving bone mineral density, serum calcium, and height in infants, children, and adolescents. Future studies with a larger sample size and longer intervention period are needed. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO and the registered number was CRD42021282606.
Topics: Adolescent; Bone Development; Calcium; Child; China; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 35436695
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101591 -
Acta Biomaterialia Oct 2023Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are commonly used in dental implants, which have good biocompatibility, mechanical strength, processability, and corrosion resistance.... (Review)
Review
Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are commonly used in dental implants, which have good biocompatibility, mechanical strength, processability, and corrosion resistance. However, the surface inertia of Ti implants leads to delayed integration of Ti and new bone, as well as problems such as aseptic loosening and inadequate osseointegration. Magnesium (Mg) ions can promote bone regeneration, and many studies have used Mg-containing materials to modify the Ti implant surface. This systematic review summarizes the methods, effects, and clinical applications of surface modification of Ti implants with Mg-containing coatings. Database collection was completed on Janury 1, 2023, and a total of 29 relevant studies were ultimately included. Mg can be compounded with different materials and coated to the surface of Ti implants using different methods. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that Mg-containing coatings promote cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. On the one hand, the surface roughness of implants increases with the addition of Mg-containing coatings, which is thought to have an impact on the osseointegration of the implant. On the other hand, Mg ions promote cell attachment through binding interactions between the integrin family and FAK-related signaling pathways. And Mg ions could induce osseointegration by activating PI3K, Notch, ERK/c-Fos, BMP-4-related signaling pathways and TRPM7 protein channels. Overall, Mg-based coatings show great potential for the surface modification of Ti implants to promote osseointegration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The inertia surface of titanium (Ti) implants leads to delayed osseointegration. Magnesium (Mg) ions, known for promoting bone regeneration, have been extensively studied to modify the surface of Ti implants. However, no consensus has been reached on the appropriate processing methods, surface roughness and effective concentration of Mg-containing coatings for osseointegration. This systematic review focus on the surface modification of Ti implants with Mg-containing compounds, highlighting the effects of Mg-containing coatings on the surface properties of Ti implants and its associated mechanisms. Besides, we also provide an outlook on future directions to promote the clinical application of Mg-modified implants.
Topics: Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Ions; Magnesium; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 37517617
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.048 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Mar 2016The effects of swimming on bone mineral density (BMD) have been studied by several researchers, with inconsistent results. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The effects of swimming on bone mineral density (BMD) have been studied by several researchers, with inconsistent results.
AIM
This meta-analysis aims to determine whether systematic swimming training may influence BMD during childhood and adolescence.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus and ClinicalTrials.gov from the earliest possible year to March 2015, with data extraction and quality assessment performed independently by two researchers following the PRISMA methodology. Swimmers were compared to sedentary controls and to athletes performing highly osteogenic sports. Therefore, a total of two meta-analyses were developed.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analyses. Swimmers presented similar BMD values to sedentary controls and lower than other high-impact athletes. Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD differences between swimmers and sedentary controls and between swimmers and athletes practicing osteogenic sports appeared to increase with age and favored the non-swimming groups. There were no differences by sex.
CONCLUSION
While swimming is associated with several health benefits, it does not appear to be an effective sport for improving BMD. Swimmers might be in need of additional osteogenic exercises for increasing BMD values.
Topics: Adolescent; Athletes; Bone Density; Child; Femur Neck; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Osteogenesis; Swimming
PubMed: 26607734
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0427-3 -
European Journal of Pediatrics Mar 2018The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of soccer practice on bone in male and female children and adolescents. MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
UNLABELLED
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of soccer practice on bone in male and female children and adolescents. MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched for scientific articles published up to and including October 2016. Twenty-seven studies were included in this systematic review (13 in the meta-analysis). The meta-analysis was performed by using OpenMeta[Analyst] software. It is well documented that soccer practice during childhood provides positive effects on bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) compared to sedentary behaviors and other sports, such as tennis, weightlifting, or swimming. Furthermore, soccer players present higher BMC and BMD in most weight-bearing sites such as the whole body, lumbar spine, hip, and legs. Moreover, bone differences were minimized between groups during prepuberty. Therefore, the maturity status should be considered when evaluating bone. According to meta-analysis results, soccer practice was positively associated with whole-body BMD either in males (mean difference 0.061; 95%CI, 0.042-0.079) or in females (mean difference 0.063; 95%CI, 0.026-0.099).
CONCLUSION
Soccer may be considered a sport that positively affects bone mass during growth. Pubertal soccer players presented increased bone mass compared to controls or other athletes; however, these bone differences are minimized during the prepubertal stage. What is known: • It has been described that childhood and adolescence are important periods for bone mass and structure. • Previous studies have demonstrated that soccer participation improves bone mass in male and female children and adolescents. What is new: • The differences between soccer players and controls are more marked during puberty than prepuberty. • Weight-bearing sites such as lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanteric region and both legs are particularly sensitive to soccer actions.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Composition; Bone Density; Bone Development; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Soccer
PubMed: 29282554
DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-3060-3 -
Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Dec 2013With the global trend of increasing asthma and allergic disorders there is strong interest regarding early life nutrition as a potentially modifiable risk factor for... (Review)
Review
With the global trend of increasing asthma and allergic disorders there is strong interest regarding early life nutrition as a potentially modifiable risk factor for lung disease. This systematic review includes 10 studies that assessed the effect of breastfeeding on lung growth and function. The review found breastfeeding to be beneficial for lung function, with the most consistent effect on increased forced vital capacity. There was no clear evidence that the relationship between breastfeeding and lung function was mediated through other factors. Furthermore, the findings from the few studies that investigated if maternal asthma modified the effect of breastfeeding on lung function were inconsistent. Further research is needed to determine the specific details such as duration and type (exclusive vs partial) of breastfeeding that leads to improved lung function.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lung; Lung Diseases; Organogenesis; Risk Factors; Vital Capacity
PubMed: 24215413
DOI: 10.1586/1744666X.2013.851005 -
Journal of Perinatology : Official... May 2020To compare the prognostic accuracy of six neonatal illness severity scores (CRIB, CRIB II, SNAP, SNAP II, SNAP-PE, and SNAP-PE II), birthweight (BW), and gestational age... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To compare the prognostic accuracy of six neonatal illness severity scores (CRIB, CRIB II, SNAP, SNAP II, SNAP-PE, and SNAP-PE II), birthweight (BW), and gestational age (GA) for predicting pre-discharge mortality among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (<1500 g) and very preterm infants (<32 weeks' gestational age).
STUDY DESIGN
PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were the data sources searched for studies published before January 2019. Data were extracted, pooled, and analyzed using random-effects models and reported as AUC with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
Of 1659 screened studies, 24 met inclusion criteria. CRIB was the most discriminate for predicting pre-discharge mortality [AUC 0.88 (0.86-0.90)]. GA was the least discriminate [AUC 0.76 (0.72-0.80)].
CONCLUSIONS
Although the original CRIB score was the most accurate predictor of pre-discharge mortality, significant heterogeneity between studies lowers confidence in this pooled estimate. A more precise illness severity score to predict pre-discharge mortality is still needed.
Topics: Birth Weight; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight
PubMed: 32203174
DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-0650-0 -
Journal of Clinical Densitometry : the... 2020Celiac disease is characterized by deficits in bone mineral accrual and longitudinal growth. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
Celiac disease is characterized by deficits in bone mineral accrual and longitudinal growth.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in bone health and stature among children and adolescents with celiac disease versus healthy controls.
DATA SOURCES
Articles published before February 27, 2018 were located using searches of the Physical Education Index (n = 186), PubMed (n = 180), Scopus (n = 3), SPORTDiscus (n = 3), and Web of Science (n = 4).
STUDY SELECTION
Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and height was measured using a stadiometer.
DATA EXTRACTION
Effect sizes (ES) were calculated as follows: the mean difference of the celiac disease group and healthy control group, divided by the pooled standard deviation. The inverse variance weight was used to calculate the overall mean ES. Random-effects models were used to aggregate a mean ES, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and to identify potential moderators.
RESULTS
The results of 30 effects gathered from 12 studies published between 1996 and 2017 indicated BMC (ES = -0.54, 95% CI: -0.69 to -0.40; p < 0.0001) and aBMD (ES = 0.72, 95% CI: -0.96 to -0.47; p < 0.0001) were lower in youth with celiac disease.
LIMITATIONS
These results were limited to only cross-sectional and baseline data from longitudinal studies reporting BMC and BMD, however did not assess changes in bone health over time.
CONCLUSION
Children and adolescents with celiac disease have suboptimal bone health and shorter stature.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Body Height; Body Weight; Bone Density; Calcification, Physiologic; Celiac Disease; Child; Humans
PubMed: 30833087
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.02.003 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022A large body of emerging evidence suggests that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) affect birth outcomes in various pathways, but the evidence is inconsistent.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
A large body of emerging evidence suggests that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) affect birth outcomes in various pathways, but the evidence is inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review the epidemiological evidence on PFAS exposure and birth outcomes.
METHODS
Three electronic databases were searched for epidemiological studies through February 13, 2021. We used random-effects meta-analysis for eight birth outcome indicators to calculate summary effect estimates for various exposure types. The risk of bias and the overall quality and level of evidence for each exposure-outcome pair were assessed.
RESULTS
The initial search identified 58 potentially eligible studies, of which 46 were ultimately included. Many PFAS were found to have previously unrecognized statistically significant associations with birth outcomes. Specifically, birth weight (BW) was associated with PFAS, with effect sizes ranging from -181.209 g (95% confidence interval (CI) = -360.620 to -1.798) per 1 ng/ml increase in perfluoroheptanesulfonate (PFHpS) to -24.252 g (95% CI = -38.574 to -9.930) per 1 ln (ng/ml) increase in perfluorodecaoic acid (PFDA). Similar patterns were observed between other PFAS and birth outcomes: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with birth length (BL) and ponderal index (PI), PFOS and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA) with head circumference (HC), PFHpS with gestational age (GA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and PFHpS with preterm birth (PTB). Additionally, PFDA showed a statistically significant association with small for gestational age (SGA). The level of the combined evidence for each exposure-outcome pair was considered to be "moderate".
CONCLUSION
This study showed that PFAS exposure was significantly associated with increased risks of various adverse birth outcomes and that different birth outcome indicators had different degrees of sensitivity to PFAS. Further studies are needed to confirm our results by expanding the sample size, clarifying the effects of different types or doses of PFAS and the time of blood collection on birth outcomes, and fully considering the possible confounders.
Topics: Environmental Pollutants; Fluorocarbons; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Premature Birth
PubMed: 35400049
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.855348 -
The Journal of Obstetrics and... Sep 2020This study explored the association between the presence of uterine fibroids (UF), as determined by ultrasound, and preterm birth (PB) risk. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIM
This study explored the association between the presence of uterine fibroids (UF), as determined by ultrasound, and preterm birth (PB) risk.
METHODS
Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Studies reporting women with and without UF demonstrated by an ultrasound exam. The primary outcome was the risk of PB < 37 weeks of gestation in pregnancies with UF diagnosed by an obstetric ultrasound exam. Effects for dichotomous and continuous outcomes are, respectively, reported as risk ratios (RR) or mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
Eighteen studies were included comprising 276 172 pregnancies to whom obstetric ultrasound assessment was performed for the presence/absence of UF. Women with UF were older (mean difference = 2.40 years, 95% CI 0.94-3.85) and were at higher risk of PB before 37 (RR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.27-1.60), 34 (RR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.32-2.42), 32 (RR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.33-2.85) and 28 (RR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.48-3.17) weeks as compared to those without UF (P < 0.01). In addition, women with UF were at higher risk of threatened preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, fetal malpresentation, placental abruption, lower gestational age and birthweight at delivery and a higher cesarean delivery rate.
CONCLUSION
Pregnant women with UF are at increased risk of PB and other adverse obstetric outcomes.
Topics: Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leiomyoma; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Placenta; Pregnancy; Premature Birth
PubMed: 32633025
DOI: 10.1111/jog.14343 -
Georgian Medical News Dec 2023The thyroid, a gland with a butterfly-like shape in the base of the human neck, plays an important role in metabolism. Body heat, energy levels, weight, hair,...
The thyroid, a gland with a butterfly-like shape in the base of the human neck, plays an important role in metabolism. Body heat, energy levels, weight, hair, fingernail, and regular menstruation cycles are controlled by three hormones produced by the thyroid. A system of feedback regulates the release of those hormones. Overproduction as well as underproduction of thyroid hormones can result from shifts in the stimulation and regulation of those hormones. These factors can have physiological or pathological origins. Pregnancy is a physiological factor. There is a plethora of physiological and psychological shifts that occur during pregnancy. A thyroid alteration in the mother is one example. Thyroid irregularities result from a failure to adjust to new circumstances. Thyroid hormone levels can drop, or manufacturing could be slowed during pregnancy due to variations in hormone concentration. Hypothyroidism describes this disorder. Hypothyroidism in women who are pregnant is either gestational or could be a disorder that is present before pregnancy. Gestational hypothyroidism cures itself throughout postpartum times, though it can stay as subclinical hyperthyroidism for some time after delivery. They pose a serious risk to development, stunt the growth of the unborn child and lead to defects in subsequent generations. Enhanced thyroid binding globulin levels, enhanced iodine clearance by the kidneys, modified effects of the human reproductive hormone and reduced dietary consumption of iodine lead to these alterations in the gland. Cretinism and mental disorders are among the serious health problems related to an iodine imbalance in maternal hypothyroidism. The growth of the brain, nervous system and Intelligence of an unborn child depends on thyroid hormones. As a result, normal early stages of development suffer due to changes in maternal hormone levels.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Mothers; Pregnancy Complications; Hypothyroidism; Thyroid Hormones; Fetal Development; Iodine
PubMed: 38325294
DOI: No ID Found