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The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Aug 2022This is the first comprehensive review to focus on currently available evidence regarding maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality cases associated with Coronavirus...
OBJECTIVE
This is the first comprehensive review to focus on currently available evidence regarding maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality cases associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, up to July 2020.
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases to identify any reported cases of maternal, fetal or neonatal mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. The references of relevant studies were also hand-searched.
RESULTS
Of 2815 studies screened, 10 studies reporting 37 maternal and 12 perinatal mortality cases (7 fetal demise and 5 neonatal death) were finally eligible for inclusion to this review. All maternal deaths were seen in women with previous co-morbidities, of which the most common were obesity, diabetes, asthma and advanced maternal age. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and severity of pneumonia were considered as the leading causes of all maternal mortalities, except for one case who died of thromboembolism during postpartum period. Fetal and neonatal mortalities were suggested to be a result of the severity of maternal infection or the prematurity, respectively. Interestingly, there was no evidence of vertical transmission or positive COVID-19 test result among expired neonates.
CONCLUSION
Current available evidence suggested that maternal mortality mostly happened among women with previous co-morbidities and neonatal mortality seems to be a result of prematurity rather than infection. However, further reports are needed so that the magnitude of the maternal and perinatal mortality could be determined more precisely.
Topics: COVID-19; Female; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Maternal Mortality; Perinatal Death; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32799712
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1806817 -
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric... Nov 2016The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies that examined the relationship between anxiety disorders, or... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies that examined the relationship between anxiety disorders, or clinically significant anxiety symptoms, at baseline and all-cause mortality at follow-up relative to control participants without clinically significant anxiety.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and CINAHL were searched through July 2015, along with manual searches of published reviews and forward and backward snowball searches of included studies. Studies were excluded if anxiety was not defined with a standardized instrument, or if participants were followed-up for 1 year or less. The initial search yielded 7901 articles after the removal of duplicates, of which 328 underwent full-text screening.
RESULTS
Forty-two estimates from 36 articles were included in the meta-analysis with a total sample of 127,552 participants and over 11,573 deaths. The overall hazard ratio (HR) estimate of mortality in clinically anxious participants relative to controls was 1.09 (95 % CI 1.01-1.16); however, this was reduced after adjusting for publication bias (1.03; 95 % CI 0.95-1.13). There was no evidence of increased mortality risk among anxious participants derived from community samples (0.99; 95 % CI 0.96-1.02) and in studies that adjusted for a diagnosis of depression (1.01; 95 % CI 0.96-1.06).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that positive associations in the literature are attributable to studies in smaller samples, comorbid depression (or other psychiatric conditions) among participants, and possible confounding in medical patient samples followed-up for short durations.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Survival Rate
PubMed: 27628244
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1284-6 -
Ophthalmic Epidemiology Jun 2017Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe, irreversible vision loss in older adults. Evidence for an association between AMD and mortality... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe, irreversible vision loss in older adults. Evidence for an association between AMD and mortality remains inconclusive despite evidence for an association with cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. We aim to compare all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality between those with early or late AMD and control study participants.
METHODS
A protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42015020622). A systematic search of Medline (Ovid), PubMed, and Embase (Ovid) was conducted on 6 June 2015. Reference lists from identified studies and four clinical trial registries were searched for additional studies. Participants were required to be over the age of 40 years, and AMD status must have been objectively assessed. The Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed.
RESULTS
A total of 12 reports from 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Late AMD was associated with elevated rates of all-cause (nine studies, hazard ratio (HR) 1.20, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.02-1.41) and cardiovascular mortality (six studies, HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.13-1.98), but early AMD was not (all-cause mortality, 10 studies, HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.98-1.14; cardiovascular mortality, five studies, HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.96-1.31). There was no evidence of an association between early or late AMD and cancer mortality (early AMD, three studies, HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.78-1.75; late AMD, three studies, HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.77-1.33).
CONCLUSION
Late AMD is associated with increased rates of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, suggesting shared pathways between late AMD and systemic disease.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Neoplasms
PubMed: 28139151
DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2016.1259422 -
Southern Medical Journal Nov 2021The aim of our systematic review was to update the current evidence on the association between slow walking speed (WS) and mortality, expanding the current knowledge...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of our systematic review was to update the current evidence on the association between slow walking speed (WS) and mortality, expanding the current knowledge available in the literature.
METHODS
A systematic review of the published data on the association of WS and mortality was carried out by searching on PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge databases.
RESULTS
From a title and abstract analysis, 61 articles were included that met the prespecified criteria. After a full-text analysis, 6 articles were excluded and the remaining articles accounted for 120,838 patients and > 25,148 deaths were registered. The duration of follow-ups ranged between 2 and 21 years. In general, studies have shown a consistent association between WS and mortality from all causes.
CONCLUSIONS
WS showed continuous and consistent evidence to be a good predictor of mortality. As such, our study supports the use of this tool in clinical practice as a way to improve health care.
Topics: Humans; Mortality; Walking Speed
PubMed: 34729613
DOI: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001318 -
International Journal of Epidemiology Apr 2017: Observational studies have reported that weight loss in later life is associated with an increased risk of mortality. However, the association with weight gain is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
: Observational studies have reported that weight loss in later life is associated with an increased risk of mortality. However, the association with weight gain is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies assessing the association of weight gain and loss, and mortality.
METHODS
: We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for articles published before 5 September 2015. We included prospective studies that reported enough information to extract hazard ratios (HRs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between weight gain and/or weight loss, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. Meta-regression models were fitted to explore sources of potential between-study heterogeneity.
RESULTS
: A total of 25 (providing data from 437 772 participants with 34 038 deaths from all causes) and 24 studies (434 694 participants with 31 978 deaths) presented results for the exposures, weight loss and weight gain. Weight loss compared with a stable weight was associated with an increased risk of all-cause (pooled HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.34, 1.58), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (1.50; 1.32, 1.70) and a slightly increased risk of cancer mortality (1.19; 0.97, 1.46). Weight gain was associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality (1.21; 1.07, 1.36) and a slightly increased risk of all-cause mortality (1.07; 1.01, 1.13) and cancer mortality (1.04; 0.96, 1.13). Considerable heterogeneity was observed; the method used to ascertain body size and the proportion of the baseline sample included in the final analysis explained most of the heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
: Weight loss and weight gain in midlife are associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality.
Topics: Body Size; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Mortality; Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Weight Gain; Weight Loss
PubMed: 27864401
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw246 -
BMC Public Health Sep 2017Understanding the relationship between increasing educational attainment and mortality reduction has important policy and public health implications. This systematic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Understanding the relationship between increasing educational attainment and mortality reduction has important policy and public health implications. This systematic review of the literature establishes a taxonomy to facilitate evaluation of the association between educational attainment and early mortality.
METHODS
Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed and hand searches of references for English-language primary data analyses using education as an independent variable and mortality as a dependent variable. Initial searches were undertaken in February 2015 and updated in April 2016.
RESULTS
One thousand, seven hundred and eleven unique articles were identified, 418 manuscripts were screened and 262 eligible studies were included in the review. After an iterative review process, the literature was divided into four study domains: (1) all-cause mortality (n = 68, 26.0%), (2) outcome-specific mortality (n = 89, 34.0%), (3) explanatory pathways (n = 51, 19.5%), and (4) trends over time (n = 54, 20.6%). These four domains comprise a novel taxonomy that can be implemented to better quantify the relationship between education and mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
We propose an organizational taxonomy for the education-mortality literature based upon study characteristics that will allow for a more in-depth understanding of this association. Our review suggests that studies that include mediators or subgroups can explain part, but not all, of the relationship between education and early mortality.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration # CRD42015017182 .
Topics: Classification; Educational Status; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Mortality
PubMed: 28923038
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4754-1 -
International Journal of Epidemiology Jun 2011Small birth size may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), whereas large birth size may predict increased risk of obesity and some cancers.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Small birth size may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), whereas large birth size may predict increased risk of obesity and some cancers. The net effect of birth size on long-term mortality has only been assessed in individual studies, with conflicting results.
METHODS
The Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines for conducting and reporting meta-analysis of observational studies were followed. We retrieved 22 studies that assessed the association between birthweight and adult mortality from all causes, CVD or cancer. The studies were systematically reviewed and those reporting hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) per kilogram (kg) increase in birthweight were included in generic inverse variance meta-analyses.
RESULTS
For all-cause mortality, 36,834 deaths were included and the results showed a 6% lower risk (adjusted HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92-0.97) per kg higher birthweight for men and women combined. For cardiovascular mortality, the corresponding inverse association was stronger (HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85-0.91). For cancer mortality, HR per kg higher birthweight was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.07-1.19) for men and 1.04 (95% CI: 0.98-1.10) for women (P(interaction) = 0.03). Residual confounding could not be eliminated, but is unlikely to account for the main findings.
CONCLUSION
These results show an inverse but moderate association of birthweight with adult mortality from all-causes and a stronger inverse association with cardiovascular mortality. For men, higher birthweight was strongly associated with increased risk of cancer deaths. The findings suggest that birthweight can be a useful indicator of processes that influence long-term health.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Birth Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mortality; Neoplasms; Norway; Risk Assessment; Sex Factors
PubMed: 21324938
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyq267 -
Molecular Psychiatry Jun 2023Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with premature mortality. All-cause and specific mortality risks in this population remain unclear, and more studies are still needed... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with premature mortality. All-cause and specific mortality risks in this population remain unclear, and more studies are still needed to further understand this issue and guide individual and public strategies to prevent mortality in bipolar disorder Thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing mortality risk in people with BD versus the general population was conducted. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, whilst secondary outcomes were mortality due to suicide, natural, unnatural, and specific-causes mortality.
RESULTS
Fifty-seven studies were included (BD; n = 678,353). All-cause mortality was increased in people with BD (RR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.89-2.16, k = 39). Specific-cause mortality was highest for suicide (RR = 11.69, 95% CI: 9.22-14.81, k = 25). Risk of death due to unnatural causes (RR = 7.29, 95% CI: 6.41-8.28, k = 17) and natural causes (RR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.75-2.06, k = 17) were also increased. Among specific natural causes analyzed, infectious causes had the higher RR (RR = 4,38, 95%CI: 1.5-12.69, k = 3), but the analysis was limited by the inclusion of few studies. Mortality risk due to respiratory (RR = 3.18, 95% CI: 2.55-3.96, k = 6), cardiovascular (RR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.53-2.01, k = 27), and cerebrovascular (RR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.34-1.84, k = 13) causes were increased as well. No difference was identified in mortality by cancer (RR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.88-1.11, k = 16). Subgroup analyses and meta-regression did not affect the findings.
CONCLUSION
Results presented in this meta-analysis show that risk of premature death in BD is not only due to suicide and unnatural causes, but somatic comorbidities are also implicated. Not only the prevention of suicide, but also the promotion of physical health and the prevention of physical conditions in individuals with BD may mitigate the premature mortality in this population. Notwithstanding this is to our knowledge the largest synthesis of evidence on BD-related mortality, further well-designed studies are still warranted to inform this field.
Topics: Humans; Bipolar Disorder; Comorbidity; Neoplasms; Suicide; Mortality
PubMed: 37491460
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02109-9 -
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Oct 2013We aimed to quantify the relationship between national income and infant and under-five mortality in developing countries. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to quantify the relationship between national income and infant and under-five mortality in developing countries.
DESIGN
We conducted a systematic literature search of studies that examined the relationship between income and child mortality (infant and/or under-five mortality) and meta-analysed their results.
SETTING
Developing countries.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Child mortality (infant and /or under-five mortality).
RESULTS
The systematic literature search identified 24 studies, which produced 38 estimates that examined the impact of income on the mortality rates. Using meta-analysis, we produced pooled estimates of the relationship between income and mortality. The pooled estimate of the relationship between income and infant mortality before adjusting for covariates is -0.95 (95% CI -1.34 to -0.57) and that for under-five mortality is -0.45 (95% CI -0.79 to -0.11). After adjusting for covariates, pooled estimate of the relationship between income and infant mortality is -0.33 (-0.39 to -0.26) while the estimate for under-five mortality is -0.28 (-0.37 to -0.19). If a country has an infant mortality of 50 per 1000 live births and the gross domestic product per capita purchasing power parity increases by 10%, the infant mortality will decrease to 45 per 1000 live births.
CONCLUSION
Income is an important determinant of child survival and this work provides a pooled estimate for the relationship.
Topics: Child; Child Mortality; Child, Preschool; Developing Countries; Humans; Income; Infant; Infant Mortality
PubMed: 23824332
DOI: 10.1177/0141076813489680 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Jul 2015Maternal and neonatal mortality remains a serious challenge in Tanzania. Progress is tracked through maternal mortality ratios (MMR) and neonatal mortality rates (NMR),... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Maternal and neonatal mortality remains a serious challenge in Tanzania. Progress is tracked through maternal mortality ratios (MMR) and neonatal mortality rates (NMR), yet robust national data on these outcomes is difficult and expensive to ascertain, and mask wide variation.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Popline, and EBSCO online databases, basing search terms on ("maternal" OR "neonatal") AND ("mortality" OR "cause of death") AND "Tanzania."
SELECTION CRITERIA
Nationally representative or population representative from the subnational context were eligible, providing NMR, MMR, or numbers of maternal deaths or early neonatal deaths or neonatal deaths and live births.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data were extracted on study context, time period, number of deaths and live births, definition of maternal and neonatal death, study design, and completeness and representativeness of data. NMR and MMR were extracted or calculated and study quality was assessed. Nationally representative data were compared with modelled national data from international agencies.
MAIN RESULTS
2107 records were screened yielding 21 maternal mortality and 15 neonatal mortality datasets. There were high mortality levels with wide subnational MMR and NMR variation. National survey data differed from the modelled estimates, with wide uncertainty ranges.
CONCLUSION
Subnational data quality was generally poor with no observable trends and geographical clustering across several regions. Combined MMR and NMR reporting is uncommon. Modelled national estimates lack precision and are complex to interpret. Results suggest that aggregate national data are inadequate for policy generation and progress monitoring. We recommend strengthening of vital registration and Health Management Information Systems with complementary use of process indicators, for improved monitoring of, and accountability for maternal and newborn health.
Topics: Data Accuracy; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Live Birth; Maternal Mortality; Pregnancy; Tanzania
PubMed: 25979118
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.04.021