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Rehabilitacion 2020To describe the characteristics of motor behaviour in premature infants during the first months of postnatal life, according to the available evidence.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the characteristics of motor behaviour in premature infants during the first months of postnatal life, according to the available evidence.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic literature review was carried out; this method forms part of secondary studies under investigation and describes a phenomenon in detail based on primary sources of information.
RESULTS
The literature search in the databases consulted yielded 7,228 articles; of these, 15 more were identified through "snowball" search strategies. At the start of the screening process, 63 eligible records were chosen based on their title and summary, and 14 were excluded because they were duplicates. A total of 49 articles were selected for a full text revision and, of these, 37 were excluded because they did not meet all the inclusion criteria. Finally, 12 articles were selected to prepare the qualitative synthesis of the present research work.
CONCLUSIONS
In comparison with neonates born at term, premature infants demonstrate a particular motor repertoire, due to the immaturity of their systems; their motor behaviour follows a line of development mainly characterised by deficits in muscle tone, postural control, muscle balance, and antigravity muscle activation.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Motor Activity; Muscle Tonus; Muscle, Skeletal; Postural Balance
PubMed: 32007181
DOI: 10.1016/j.rh.2019.09.004 -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... May 2024This integrative review aims to determine the quality level of evidence on using surface electromyography (sEMG) as a diagnostic tool in identifying muscle tension...
OBJECTIVE
This integrative review aims to determine the quality level of evidence on using surface electromyography (sEMG) as a diagnostic tool in identifying muscle tension dysphonia.
METHOD
Two independent reviewers used one search engine and five databases to identify sEMG studies published between January 1980 and December 2020, using a set of specified search terms related to muscle tension dysphonia. The selected articles were systematically evaluated by two independent raters using a modified critical appraisal of diagnostic evidence (m-CADE) form.
RESULTS
Nine articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria were selected from among 576 studies for evaluation. These nine studies showed varied methodological approaches in sEMG measurements, including electrode configuration and position, tasks used in sEMG data collection, outcome measure, and normalization procedures. Five studies showed relatively high m-CADE scores, which were indicative of "suggestive validity and compelling importance". Two studies were rated as "suggestive validity and importance", while two remaining studies were rated as "less suggestive or equivocal validity and importance".
CONCLUSIONS
The review found a moderate level of evidence that sEMG can be a potentially useful tool with diagnostic value in identifying muscle tension dysphonia. However, evidence is not yet available to determine the diagnostic accuracy of sEMG for muscle tension dysphonia. More studies are needed, and it is recommended that future studies involving sEMG and reference measurements should be undertaken using a blinding procedure in order to control any subjective biases. Details of the population that the sEMG has been tested on should be outlined clearly so that spectrum bias could be eliminated or minimized in the application process. Furthermore, it is suggested that a reliable and valid protocol in collecting sEMG data during speech should be developed to minimize the variability of sEMG measures in assessing muscle activities during speech.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Dysphonia; Electromyography; Laryngeal Muscles; Muscle Tonus; Phonation; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Voice Quality
PubMed: 34903394
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.10.006 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Feb 2020Foam rolling (FR) has been demonstrated to acutely enhance joint range of motion (ROM). However, data syntheses pooling the effect sizes across studies are scarce. It... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Foam rolling (FR) has been demonstrated to acutely enhance joint range of motion (ROM). However, data syntheses pooling the effect sizes across studies are scarce. It is, furthermore, unknown which moderators affect the treatment outcome.
OBJECTIVE
To quantify the immediate effects of FR on ROM in healthy adults.
METHODS
A multilevel meta-analysis with a robust random effects meta-regression model was used to pool the standardized mean differences (SMD) between FR and no-exercise (NEX) as well as FR and stretching. The influence of the possible effect modifiers treatment duration, speed, targeted muscle, testing mode (active/passive ROM), sex, BMI, and study design was examined in a moderator analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty-six trials with high methodological quality (PEDro scale) were identified. Compared to NEX, FR had a large positive effect on ROM (SMD: 0.74, 95% CI 0.42-1.01, p = 0.0002), but was not superior to stretching (SMD: - 0.02, 95% CI - 0.73 to 0.69, p = 0.95). Although the few individual study findings suggest that FR with vibration may be more effective than NEX or FR without vibration, the pooled results did not reveal significant differences (SMD: 6.75, 95% CI - 76.4 to 89.9, p = 0.49 and SMD: 0.66, 95% CI - 1.5 to 2.8, p = 0.32). According to the moderator analysis, most potential effect modifiers (e.g., BMI, speed or duration) do not have a significant impact (p > 0.05) but FR may be less effective in men (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
FR represents an effective method to induce acute improvements in joint ROM. The impact of moderators should be further elucidated in future research.
Topics: Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Muscle Stretching Exercises; Muscle Tonus; Range of Motion, Articular; Trigger Points
PubMed: 31628662
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01205-7