-
Cancer Epidemiology Dec 2021Mycoplasmas are emerging sexually transmitted pathogens usually associated with male urinary tract infection, non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), infertility, and prostate... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Mycoplasmas are emerging sexually transmitted pathogens usually associated with male urinary tract infection, non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), infertility, and prostate cancer. In this study, we review the evidence linking mycoplasma infection and prostate cancer. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on PRISMA guidelines. Four electronic databases were reviewed through January 31, 2021. Studies were eligible for inclusion if odds ratio for prevalence or incidence of colonization and/or infection were provided or calculable. All included studies were evaluated independently by three reviewers. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Case-Control Studies. Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager Version 5.4. A total of 183/744 (24.6 %) patients with prostate cancer compared to 87/495 (17.58 %) patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tested positive for Mycoplasma spp., while 86/666 (12.91 %) and 11/388 (2.84 %) prostate cancer patients and BPH patients, respectively, had Ureaplasma spp. infections. This meta-analysis showed that prostate cancer patients had 2.24 times higher odds (p = 0.0005) of being colonized with any species of Mycoplasma spp. and 3.6 times increased odds (p = 0.008) of being colonized with any species of Ureaplasma spp. In conclusion, patients with prostate cancer were more likely to be colonized with Mycoplasma spp. or Ureaplasma spp. compared to patients with BPH, which highlights the potential association between chronic infection and cancer. However, more studies are needed to determine the specific role that mycoplasma plays in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
Topics: Humans; Male; Mycoplasma; Persistent Infection; Prostatic Neoplasms; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections
PubMed: 34517226
DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102021 -
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and risk of childhood asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Microbial Pathogenesis Jun 2021The etiology of childhood asthma is multifactorial, atypical bacterial pathogens, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, have been proposed as possible risk factors or... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The etiology of childhood asthma is multifactorial, atypical bacterial pathogens, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, have been proposed as possible risk factors or contributors. This review aims to assess the possible association between M. pneumoniae infection and childhood asthma. We searched major international literature databases (up to January 10, 2021) to identify relevant studies. We used a random-effects meta-analysis (REM) model to generate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Several subgroups analyses were performed concerning the IgG, IgM, and DNA detection of M. pneumoniae infection. We included 22 eligible studies; these studies involved a total of 5064 children. We found that there was a statistically significant association between M. pneumoniae infection, as determined by IgM serology (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.78-5.48), and DNA detection (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.25-1.97) with increased risk of any type of childhood asthma. Moreover, children with acute asthma had significantly higher seropositivity for anti- M. pneumoniae IgM antibodies (OR, 4.43; 95% CI, 2.80-7.02) than children with stable asthma. Although our findings indicate a positive association between M. pneumoniae infection and childhood asthma, well-designed and -controlled studies are need in the future to rigorously test this association and identify the underlying mechanisms.
Topics: Asthma; Child; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33932544
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104893 -
Vaccine Apr 2009Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading cause of both upper and lower respiratory infections that can lead to devastating sequela. Currently no primary prevention measures... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading cause of both upper and lower respiratory infections that can lead to devastating sequela. Currently no primary prevention measures are available. During the 1960s and 1970s several inactivated M. pneumoniae vaccines were tested, some with encouraging results. Here we present a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and adverse effects of M. pneumoniae inactivated vaccines. Six clinical trials were found for efficacy calculation, with a total of 67,268 subjects. Vaccine associated adverse events were described in 15 studies. The summarized efficacy of M. pneumoniae vaccines against pneumonia regardless of etiologies was 36% (confidence interval (CI(95%)) 25 -- 45). The efficacy of the vaccines against M. pneumoniae associated pneumonia was 54% (35 -- 67) or 42% (12 -- 63) depending on diagnostic approach. Results were homogeneous without publication bias. No significant adverse reactions (including autoimmune effects) were observed. This study suggests that inactivated M. pneumoniae vaccines may reduce the total rates of both pneumonia and respiratory infections by approximately 40%. We therefore suggest redeveloping M. pneumoniae vaccines, particularly for high-risk settings as well as in the general population.
Topics: Bacterial Vaccines; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Vaccines, Inactivated
PubMed: 19368785
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.135 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Sep 2023Urogenital Mycoplasma infections are considered an important public health problem, owing to the presence of antibiotic resistance or decreased susceptibility, the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Urogenital Mycoplasma infections are considered an important public health problem, owing to the presence of antibiotic resistance or decreased susceptibility, the treatment options are limited.
OBJECTIVE
Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to estimate resistance rates of genital Mycoplasmas to tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline).
METHODS
We searched the relevant published studies in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase until 3, March 2022. All statistical analyses were carried out using the statistical package R.
RESULTS
The 26 studies included in the analysis were performed in 15 countries. In the metadata, the proportions of tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline resistance in Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma urogenital isolates were reported 14.2% (95% CI 8.2-23.2%), 5% (95% CI 3-8.1%), and 11.9% (95% CI 6.3-21.5%), respectively. According to the meta-regression, the tetracycline and minocycline resistance rate decreased over time. Although, the doxycycline resistance rate increased over time. There was a statistically significant difference in the tetracyclines resistance rates between different continents/countries (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence rate and antibiotic susceptibility profiles vary geographically. Therefore, rigorous or improved antimicrobial stewardship, contact tracing, and enhanced intensive surveillance systems are necessitated for preventing the emergence and further spreading of tetracyclines resistance in genital Mycoplasmas.
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma; Tetracycline; Doxycycline; Minocycline; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37697380
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00628-5 -
PloS One 2014Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Etiological data for Cambodia is scarce. We aimed to... (Review)
Review
Etiologies and resistance profiles of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia in Cambodian and neighboring countries' health care settings: a systematic review (1995 to 2012).
OBJECTIVES
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Etiological data for Cambodia is scarce. We aimed to describe the main etiological agents causing CAP, and their resistance patterns in Cambodia and the greater Mekong region.
METHODS
A review of bacterial etiologies of CAP and antimicrobial resistance in Cambodia and neighboring countries was conducted via: (1) a systematic review of published literature in all NCBI databases using Pubmed, Google scholar, EMBASE, the World Health Organization and the Cambodian Ministry of Health libraries; (2) a review of unpublished data from Cambodia provided by national and international stakeholders working at different tiers of the healthcare system.
RESULTS
Twenty three articles and five data sources reported etiologies for 5919 CAP patients diagnosed between May 1995 and December 2012, including 1421 (24.0%), 3571 (60.3%) and 927 (15.7%) from Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam, respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were the most common pathogens ranking among the five most prevalent in 12 and 10 studies, respectively. Gram-negative bacteria such as Burkholderia pseudomallei and Klebsiella pneumoniae were also frequently diagnosed, particularly in bacteremic CAP in Thai adults and Cambodian children. In Thailand and Vietnam, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae were frequently identified in settings using indirect laboratory testing.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on this analysis, CAP data in Cambodia seems to present etiological and resistance profiles comparable to those of neighboring countries. Findings have been shared with the national authorities upon the revision of the national therapeutic guidelines and were disseminated using a specially created website.
Topics: Burkholderia pseudomallei; Cambodia; Chlamydophila pneumoniae; Community-Acquired Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Prevalence; Streptococcus pneumoniae
PubMed: 24626053
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089637 -
Animal Biotechnology Dec 2022Avian mycoplasmosis mainly caused by and is an economically important disease of poultry industry. It causes huge economic losses in terms of decrease in weight gain,...
Avian mycoplasmosis mainly caused by and is an economically important disease of poultry industry. It causes huge economic losses in terms of decrease in weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, egg production, hatchability; increase in embryo mortality, carcass condemnation, prophylaxis and treatment cost in broiler, layer and breeder flocks. The disease is caused by four major pathogenic mycoplasmas ., (MG) (MS), (MM) and (MI). The MG and MS are World Organization for Animal Health listed respiratory pathogens. MG causes chronic respiratory disease in chicken and infectious sinusitis in turkey; however, MS causes synovitis and airsacculitis in birds. The infection is transmitted both horizontally and vertically. Prevention and control measures of avian mycoplasmosis mainly comprises of biosecurity, treatment and vaccination. For vaccination of birds, inactivated bacterins, live attenuated and/or recombinant live poxvirus vaccines are commercially available against MG and MS infection. The present systematic review summarizes the different epidemiological studies carried out on MG and MS infection in poultry in different geographical locations of India and abroad over the last decade (2010-2020), economic impact, diagnosis and prevention and control.
Topics: Animals; Poultry; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Mycoplasma synoviae; Chickens; Poultry Diseases; Mycoplasma Infections
PubMed: 33840372
DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1908316 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Jul 2014Previous meta-analyses have reported a significant association between pulmonary colonization with Ureaplasma and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Previous meta-analyses have reported a significant association between pulmonary colonization with Ureaplasma and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, because few studies reporting oxygen dependency at 36 weeks corrected gestation were previously available, we updated the systematic review and meta-analyses to evaluate the association between presence of pulmonary Ureaplasma and development of BPD.
METHODS
Five databases were searched for articles reporting the incidence of BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (BPD36) and/or BPD at 28 days of life (BPD28) in Ureaplasma colonized and noncolonized groups. Pooled estimates were produced using random effects meta-analysis. Meta-regression was used to assess the influence of difference in gestational age between the Ureaplasma-positive and Ureaplasma-negative groups. The effects of potential sources of heterogeneity were also investigated.
RESULTS
Of 39 studies included, 8 reported BPD36, 22 reported BPD28 and 9 reported both. The quality of studies was assessed as moderate to good. There was a significant association between Ureaplasma and development of BPD36 (odds ratio = 2.22; 95% confidence intervals: 1.42-3.47) and BPD28 (odds ratio = 3.04; 95% confidence intervals: 2.41-3.83). Sample size influenced the odds ratio, but no significant association was noted between BPD28 rates and difference in gestational age between Ureaplasma colonized and noncolonized infants (P = 0.96).
CONCLUSIONS
Pulmonary colonization with Ureaplasma continues to be significantly associated with development of BPD in preterm infants at both 36 weeks postmenstrual age and at 28 days of life. This association at BPD28 persists regardless of difference in gestational age.
Topics: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Carrier State; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections
PubMed: 24445836
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000239 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jan 2012This systematic review evaluated the incidence, etiology, and use of resources in bacterial, non-tuberculosis community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in immune-competent... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
This systematic review evaluated the incidence, etiology, and use of resources in bacterial, non-tuberculosis community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in immune-competent children aged <5 years.
METHODS
Systematic searches (1980-2008) were performed using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, generic, and academic Internet searches. Regional health ministries, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), regional proceedings, doctoral theses, and the reference lists of included studies were also searched, and experts were consulted. Arcsine transformations and the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model were used for proportion meta-analyses.
RESULTS
The search yielded 1220 references; 60 were included in the meta-analysis, giving a total 23 854 CAP episodes with an incidence of 919/100 000 child-years in children aged <5 years. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated agent (11.08%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.63-15.08), and pneumococcal serotype 14 was most prevalent (33.00%; 95% CI 25.95-40.45). Other common agents were Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Health economics data on CAP in the region were scarce. About one-fourth of CAP patients required hospitalization (median length of stay 11 days, range 5-13.5 days).
CONCLUSIONS
The burden of CAP was substantial, with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. pneumoniae being the most common pathogens identified. High quality primary studies on disease incidence, use of health resources, and standardized data collection on disease burden and circulating strains are essential to provide baseline data for the future evaluation of vaccine impact.
Topics: Caribbean Region; Child; Community-Acquired Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Hospitalization; Humans; Incidence; Latin America; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Risk Assessment; Streptococcus pneumoniae
PubMed: 22056731
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.09.013 -
Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks,... Nov 2021The roles of genital mycoplasmas including Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium), Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis), Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum), and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The roles of genital mycoplasmas including Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium), Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis), Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum), and Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum) in reproductive diseases are equivocal. To investigate whether genital mycoplasmas are risk factors of female infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. Electronic databases were searched for related studies. A random-effects model or fixed-effects model was employed to generate forest plots. Pooled odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to measure the strength of associations. Meanwhile, heterogeneity was evaluated by H statistic and I statistic, and publication bias was explored by funnel plots based on Egger's test and Begg's test. The search yielded 2054 relevant records, and 35 articles were ultimately included for meta-analysis. M. genitalium was a significant risk factor for female infertility (OR, 13.03 [95% CI, 3.46-48.98]) and preterm birth (PTB) (OR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.17-2.80]), but not for spontaneous abortion (SA) (OR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.25-1.35]). M. hominis can significantly increase the potential risk of female infertility (OR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.02-2.38]), SA (OR, 9.14 [95% CI, 4.14-20.18]), stillbirth (OR, 3.98 [95% CI, 1.39-11.36]), and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (OR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.26-2.55]), but was not associated with PTB (OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 0.78-2.15]). U. urealyticum had no significant risk effect on female infertility (OR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.42-1.11]). Coinfections of M. hominis and Ureaplasma were significantly associated with female infertility, SA, and stillbirth, but not with PROM. On the basis of current evidences, this meta-analysis supports that M. genitalium is a risk factor for female infertility and PTB; M. hominis is a potential risk factor for female infertility, SA, stillbirth, and PROM; U. urealyticum has no significant association with female infertility; and the relationship of U. parvum with female infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes needs to be paid more attention to and remains to be further revealed.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma hominis; Observational Studies as Topic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Stillbirth; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections
PubMed: 33398853
DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00399-w -
Infectious Disorders Drug Targets 2022Previous studies suggested an association between Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumonia with atherosclerosis, separately. Until now, according to inconsistent... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Previous studies suggested an association between Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumonia with atherosclerosis, separately. Until now, according to inconsistent information, the relationship between C.pneumoniae and M.pneumoniae with atherosclerosis is controversial.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to investigate the association between C.pneumoniae and M.pneumoniae as two separate risk factors with atherosclerosis through systematic review and metaanalysis study.
METHODS
We searched databases, such as Pubmed, SID, Magiran, Google scholar and Iranmedex, using the following keywords in English and Persian language: C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, and atherosclerosis. Data were analyzed with meta-analysis and a random effect model. Also, in this study, heterogeneity of articles was estimated by using the I2 index. Finally, the data were analyzed with STAT (version 11.2).
RESULTS
Among thirty-eight articles for C. pneumoniae and five articles for M. pneumoniae individually reviewed that included 2980 samples for M. pneumoniae and 23298 samples for C. pneumoniae, the result demonstrated that the association between M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae with atherosclerosis is significant with OR (odds ratio) = 1.58 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.00 to 2.50), OR (odds ratio) = 2.25 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.91 to 2.64), respectively.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review study provides strong evidence for the role of persistent bacterial infections, such as M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae, in potential atherosclerosis. Thus, a novel way should be employed for the complete management of bacterial infection.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Chlamydophila pneumoniae; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34548004
DOI: 10.2174/1871526521666210921121423