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Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... Nov 2020Maternal factors such as the diet can impact human milk fatty acid profiles. We hypothesized that mature human milk fatty acid profiles differ among regions of China. To...
Maternal factors such as the diet can impact human milk fatty acid profiles. We hypothesized that mature human milk fatty acid profiles differ among regions of China. To test our hypothesis, we conducted a systematic review to calculate regional average contents of fatty acids and the statistical significance of regional differences in fatty acids. We searched both Chinese and English literature databases and selected 21 articles, including 11 in Chinese and 10 in English. We categorized regions of China by 3 ways: 1) north vs. south; 2) inland vs. coastal; 3) socioeconomic development levels. The ratios of ΣSFAs:ΣMUFAs:ΣPUFAs were similar between regions and the average was 1:1:0.7. Contents of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were also similar between regions and together they accounted for more than 70% of all fatty acids in mature human milk. Conversely, concentrations of ALA and DHA differed more than palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids. We also found that it might be necessary to reduce maternal dietary contents of potentially harmful fatty acids such as erucic acid to minimize detrimental effects on infant health. To our knowledge, this study represents the first systematic review that quantitatively investigated the regional similarities and differences in mature human milk fatty acid contents and is therefore significant for academia and policy makers.
Topics: Asian People; China; Fatty Acids; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Lactation; Milk, Human
PubMed: 33045533
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102184 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2020Several observational studies evaluated the links between serum monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and cardiovascular events with controversial results. In the present...
Several observational studies evaluated the links between serum monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and cardiovascular events with controversial results. In the present study, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to obtain unconfounded estimates of the causal associations of genetically determined serum MUFAs with coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), cardioembolic stroke (CS), and ischemic stroke (IS). Four MUFAs were studied (i.e., 10-heptadecenoate, myristoleic, oleic, and palmitoleic acid). Data from the largest genome-wide association studies on MUFAs, CHD, MI, and stroke were analyzed. Inverse variance weighted method (IVW), weighted median (WM)-based method, MR-Egger, as well as MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier were applied. To rule out the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), the leave-one-out method was also performed. Genetically higher-serum 10-heptadecenoate levels did not affect the risk of CHD (IVW = Beta: -0.304, = 0.185), MI (IVW = Beta: -0.505, = 0.066), CS (IVW = Beta: -0.056, = 0.945), and IS (IVW = Beta: -0.121, = 0.767). Similarly, no significant associations were observed for myristoleic acid (CHD: IVW = Beta: 0.008; MI: IVW = Beta: 0.041; CS: IVW = Beta: 0.881; IS: IVW = Beta: 0.162), oleic acid (CHD: IVW = Beta: -0.2417; MI: IVW = Beta: -0.119; CS: IVW = Beta: 1.059; IS: IVW = Beta: 0.008491), and palmitoleic acid (CHD: IVW = Beta: -0.06957; MI: IVW = Beta: -0.01255; CS: IVW = Beta: 1.042; IS: IVW = Beta: -0.1862). A low likelihood of heterogeneity and pleiotropy was reported, and the observed associations were not driven by single SNPs. In the present MR analysis, serum MUFA levels were not associated with the risk of CHD, MI, CS, and IS. Further research, evaluating more MUFAs, is required to elucidate the links between MUFAs and CVD to contribute to health policy decisions in reducing CVD risk.
PubMed: 32984395
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00123 -
Gastroenterologia Y Hepatologia Dec 2018The aim of this systematic review is to summarize epidemiological data and areas of future acute pancreatitis research in Spain.
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this systematic review is to summarize epidemiological data and areas of future acute pancreatitis research in Spain.
METHODS
We conduct an independent search in PubMed and Web of Science and analyse articles by Spanish researchers from 2008 to 2018.
RESULTS
We identified an overall incidence of 72/100,000 person-years, with biliary pancreatitis as the most common etiology. BISAP was useful but suboptimal for predicting severity and some biomarkers such as Oleic acid chlorohydrin have shown promising results. The modified determinant-based classification can help to classify patients admitted to intensive care units. Ringer's lactate solution is currently the fluid of choice and classic surgery has been surpassed by minimally-invasive approaches. Starting a full-caloric diet is safe when bowel sounds are present.
DISCUSSION
There are numerous well-defined research fields in Spain. Future multicentre studies should focus on management, predicting severity and cost-effectiveness.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biomarkers; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Management; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatitis; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Spain
PubMed: 30149943
DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2018.06.012 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Jun 2021Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risks of disease for mother and child during pregnancy and after that. Early diagnosis of GDM would...
BACKGROUND
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risks of disease for mother and child during pregnancy and after that. Early diagnosis of GDM would promote both maternal and fetal health. Metabolomics can simplify and develop our understanding of the etiology, manifestation, or pathophysiology of the disease. This systematic review investigates the association of circulating omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids with GDM.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases up to May 8, 2020, using the key term combinations of all types of omega fatty acids with gestational diabetes mellitus. Additional articles were identified through searching the reference lists of included studies.
RESULTS
This systematic review included 15 articles. Five were cohort studies, four included nested case-control studies and four were case-control studies. The results of this study demonstrate an increasing trend in the amount of oleic acid and palmitoleic acid in the second trimester and an increase in decosahexanoic acid in the third trimester of GDM mothers. The changes in other fatty acids of interest are either not significant or if significant, their results are inconsistent with the other existing articles.
CONCLUSIONS
Omega fatty acids, as potential biomarkers, are considered to be associated with GDM risk and thus provide useful information regarding the prevention and early diagnosis of GDM. Moreover, existing metabolomic studies on GDM are shown to provide conflicting results about metabolite profile characteristics. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO ( www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO ) as CRD42020196122.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes, Gestational; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Prognosis
PubMed: 34130655
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00783-w -
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology... Apr 2020Along with an increase in overweight and obesity among all age groups, the development of efficacious and safe anti-obesity strategies for patients, as well as health...
Along with an increase in overweight and obesity among all age groups, the development of efficacious and safe anti-obesity strategies for patients, as well as health systems, is critical. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a high-affinity endogenous ligand of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), plays important physiological and metabolic actions. OEA is derived from oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, which has beneficial effects on body composition and regional fat distribution. The role of OEA in the modulation of food consumption and weight management makes it an attractive molecule requiring further exploration in obesogenic environments. This systematic review was conducted to assess the effects of OEA on the obesity management, with emphasizing on its physiological roles and possible mechanisms of action in energy homeostasis. We searched PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest, and EMBASE up until September 2019. Out of 712 records screened, 30 articles met the study criteria. The evidence reviewed here indicates that OEA, an endocannabinoid-like compound, leads to satiation or meal termination through PPAR-α activation and fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36. Additionally, the lipid-amide OEA stimulates fatty acid uptake, lipolysis, and beta-oxidation, and also promotes food intake control. OEA also exerts satiety-inducing effects by activating the hedonic dopamine pathways and increasing homeostatic oxytocin and brain histamine. In conclusion, OEA may be a key component of the physiological system involved in the regulation of dietary fat consumption and energy homeostasis; therefore, it is suggested as a possible therapeutic agent for the management of obesity.
Topics: Animals; Endocannabinoids; Humans; Ligands; Obesity; Oleic Acids; PPAR alpha
PubMed: 31868943
DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13238 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jul 2019It is not clear whether a saturated fatty acid-rich palm olein diet has any significant adverse effect on established surrogate lipid markers of cardiovascular disease... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
It is not clear whether a saturated fatty acid-rich palm olein diet has any significant adverse effect on established surrogate lipid markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We reviewed the effect of palm olein with other oils on serum lipid in healthy adults. We searched in MEDLINE and CENTRAL: Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1975 to January 2018 for randomized controlled trials of ≥2 wk intervention that compared the effects of palm olein (the liquid fraction of palm oil) with other oils such as coconut oil, lard, canola oil, high-oleic sunflower oil, olive oil, peanut oil, and soybean oil on changes in serum lipids. Nine studies were eligible and were included, with a total of 533 and 542 subjects on palm olein and other dietary oil diets, respectively. We extracted and compared all the data for serum lipids, such as total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and TC/HDL cholesterol ratio. When comparing palm olein with other dietary oils, the overall weighted mean differences for TC, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and the TC/HDL cholesterol ratio were -0.10 (95% CI: -0.30, 0.10; P = 0.34), -0.06 (95% CI: -0.29,0.16; P = 0.59), 0.02 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.04; P = 0.20), 0.01 (95% CI: -0.05, 0.06; P = 0.85), and -0.15 (95% CI: -0.43, 0.14; P = 0.32), respectively. Overall, there are no significant differences in the effects of palm olein intake on lipoprotein biomarkers (P > 0.05) compared with other dietary oils. However, dietary palm olein was found to have effects comparable to those of other unsaturated dietary oils (monounsaturated fatty acid- and polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich oils) but differed from that of saturated fatty acid-rich oils with respect to the serum lipid profile in healthy adults.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Eating; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Palm Oil; Plant Oils; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 31095284
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy122 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2020Obese individuals are considered to have lower energy expenditure (EE) rates than non-obese individuals. We aimed to investigate the effects of various factors related...
Obese individuals are considered to have lower energy expenditure (EE) rates than non-obese individuals. We aimed to investigate the effects of various factors related to food intake on diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in the EE of obese individuals. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we reviewed relevant literature from PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases from study inception till the end of July 2019. Studies on dietary factors affecting DIT in obese individuals were included. Fifteen studies were included; these studies assessed macronutrient, single-nutrient, or supplement meal compositions, as well as dietary patterns and behaviors. The effect of obesity on DIT was not constant in each study. Differences in DIT pertained to the protein ratio being higher than the fat ratio or the carbohydrate ratio being higher than the fat ratio. High intake of calcium and vitamin D as well as high-oleic peanut supplements increased DIT in obese people. In addition, ascorbic acid intake, fatty acid saturation, and the chain length of various fatty acids had no effects on DIT. In conclusion, the findings suggest that in obese individuals, DIT is associated with various factors related to meal, nutrient, and dietary habits. However, because of the complexity of the relationship between DIT and obesity, it is difficult to determine the critical element underlying this association.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diet; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Thermogenesis; Young Adult
PubMed: 32115447
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.1 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Jun 2018Fats in the form of lipid emulsions (LEs) are an integral part of intravenous nutrition. The fatty acid composition of different LEs varies. The exact composition of a...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Fats in the form of lipid emulsions (LEs) are an integral part of intravenous nutrition. The fatty acid composition of different LEs varies. The exact composition of a LE may influence cell and tissue function and clinical outcome. Currently, it is not clear which LE might be best for paediatric patients. We conducted a systematic review of the effects of different intravenous LEs in hospitalised paediatric patients.
METHODS
Randomised controlled trials published in a peer reviewed journal, written in the English language, and comparing two or more different intravenous LEs in hospitalised paediatric patients were included. Data on outcomes of relevance (growth, development, laboratory and clinical outcomes) were extracted, collated and interpreted.
RESULTS
Thirty-one articles involving 1522 infants or children were included. Most outcomes were not affected by the nature of the LE used. LEs containing fish oil, a source of omega-3 fatty acids, improved outcome of retinopathy of prematurity, decreased liver cholestasis and increased blood omega-3 fatty acid levels. LEs containing olive oil increased blood oleic acid level and had a cholesterol lowering effect.
CONCLUSION
Blood fatty acids are influenced by the nature of the intravenous LE used in hospitalised paediatric patients. Most studies suggest limited differences in relevant laboratory or clinical outcomes or in growth in paediatric patients receiving different LEs, although several studies do find benefits from including fish oil or olive oil. There is a need for larger trials to fully evaluate the effects of the available LE types in hospitalised paediatric patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Weight; Child; Child Nutrition Disorders; Child, Hospitalized; Child, Preschool; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fish Oils; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Liver; Olive Oil; Oxidative Stress; Parenteral Nutrition; Soybean Oil; Treatment Outcome; Weight Gain
PubMed: 28712532
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.07.003 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2019Early life nutritional exposures could modify the gene expression and susceptibility of allergic diseases (AD). This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether early... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Early life nutritional exposures could modify the gene expression and susceptibility of allergic diseases (AD). This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether early life (the first 1,000 days) natural exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ruminant trans fatty acids (R-TFA) could affect the AD risk. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception through September 10, 2017 for relevant full-text articles in English. Observational studies were selected if they examined the effects of early life PUFA or R-TFA on AD (eczema, asthma, wheeze, and allergic rhinitis) or sensitization. The quality of studies was examined by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the best evidence synthesis (BES) was applied. We included 26 observational studies, and 8 of them showed high quality. BES showed a moderate evidence for the protective effect of vaccenic acid (VA, an R-TFA) on eczema, while insufficient or no evidence was found in other associations. Meta-analysis showed that higher n-6/n-3 ratio and linoleic acid were associated with higher risk of eczema (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.00 -1.13; 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01 -1.15). However, VA was inversely associated with eczema pooled OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.25 -0.72). Early life natural exposure to VA showed evident benefit on decreasing the risk of eczema, while PUFA and other R-TFA showed limited effects on AD. More robust studies especially for R-TFA are required.
Topics: Animals; Asthma; Databases, Factual; Eczema; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Oleic Acids; Rhinitis, Allergic; Ruminants; Trans Fatty Acids
PubMed: 29341787
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1429382 -
Nutrition Reviews Jan 2021The sirtuins (SIRT1 to SIRT7) constitute a family of highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent proteins. When activated, sirtuins control essential...
CONTEXT
The sirtuins (SIRT1 to SIRT7) constitute a family of highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent proteins. When activated, sirtuins control essential cellular processes to maintain metabolic homeostasis, while lack of expression of sirtuins has been related to chronic disease.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the role of fat consumption as a modulator of human sirtuins.
DATA SOURCES
This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies were identified by searches of the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science.
STUDY SELECTION
Randomized clinical trials assessing the effect of fatty acid consumption on sirtuin mRNA expression, sirtuin protein expression, or sirtuin protein activity were eligible for inclusion.
DATA EXTRACTION
Two authors screened and determined the quality of the studies; disagreements were resolved by the third author. All authors compared the compiled data.
RESULTS
Seven clinical studies with 3 different types of interventions involving healthy and nonhealthy participants were selected. Only SIRT1 and SIRT3 were evaluated. Overall, the evidence from clinical studies to date is insufficient to understand how lipid consumption modulates sirtuins in humans. The best-characterized mechanism highlights oleic acid as a natural activator of SIRT1.
CONCLUSION
These results draw attention to a new field of interest in nutrition science. The possible activation of sirtuins by dietary fat manipulation may represent an important nutritional strategy for management of chronic and metabolic disease.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration number CRD42018114456.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sirtuin 1; Sirtuin 3; Young Adult
PubMed: 32403131
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa007