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Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Jun 2024Exposure therapy (ET) forms a vital part of effective psychotherapy for anxiety-related presentations including anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),... (Review)
Review
Exposure therapy (ET) forms a vital part of effective psychotherapy for anxiety-related presentations including anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and is often underutilised in clinical practice. Using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), this systematic review synthesised existing literature on the determinants of ET implementation for anxiety-related presentations and examined differences across presentations and developmental subgroups. Fifty-two eligible studies were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, with 389 results (99%) mapped onto the TDF. Results suggested that clinicians' negative beliefs about the consequences of ET were commonly associated with reduced implementation. It also appeared that whilst broad unspecified ET training may be related to improved implementation for anxiety disorders; greater implementation for complex presentations (i.e., PTSD) likely requires more specialised training involving practical components. A subset of domains (e.g., social/professional role and identity) accounted for most results, whilst some remain unexplored (i.e., optimism; reinforcement; memory, attention, and decision processes) or underexplored (i.e., behavioural regulation). Likewise, specific presentations and developmental subgroups (i.e., PTSD and adults) represented a greater proportion of results in the literature than others (i.e., OCD and youth). Future research exploring ET implementation, across specific presentations and developmental subgroups, would benefit from integrating implementation science frameworks to guide the development of targeted, comprehensive strategies to close the research-practice gap of ET for the treatment of anxiety-related presentations.
Topics: Humans; Implosive Therapy; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 38630196
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-024-00478-3 -
Behavior Modification Jan 2008Suicide behavior is a serious clinical problem worldwide, and understanding ways of reducing it is a priority. A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Suicide behavior is a serious clinical problem worldwide, and understanding ways of reducing it is a priority. A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to investigate whether Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) would reduce suicide behavior. From 123 potential articles, 28 studies met the entry criteria. Overall, there was a highly significant effect for CBT in reducing suicide behavior. Subgroup analysis indicates a significant treatment effect for adult samples (but not adolescent), for individual treatments (but not group), and for CBT when compared to minimal treatment or treatment as usual (but not when compared to another active treatment). There was evidence for treatment effects, albeit reduced, over the medium term. Although these results appear optimistic in advocating the use of CBT in ameliorating suicidal thoughts, plans, and behaviors, evidence of a publication bias tempers such optimism.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Behavior Therapy; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Humans; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted; Treatment Outcome; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 18096973
DOI: 10.1177/0145445507304728 -
Journal of Religion and Health Feb 2024Religion and spirituality (R/S) have been linked to better physical and mental health. The US government has funded several research studies that include a focus on R/S...
Placing the US Federal Investment in Religion, Spirituality, and Health Research in Context: A Systematic Review and Comparison with Social Support and Optimism Funding Levels.
Religion and spirituality (R/S) have been linked to better physical and mental health. The US government has funded several research studies that include a focus on R/S but the amount of support over the last several years appears to be declining. To better understand these funding trends for R/S and health research, we chose relevant comparisons from projects that include a focus on social support and optimism. We identified total amount of funding, change in funding patterns over time, and characteristics of funded projects from a large database of US research projects (Federal RePORTER). We reviewed 5093 projects for social support and 6030 projects for optimism before narrowing the number of eligible studies to 170 and 13, respectively. Social support projects received the largest investment of $205 million dollars. Funded awards for social support and optimism remained stable over time while R/S decreased (p = 0.01), intervention research was more characteristic and studies of African-American/Black participants were less characteristic of funded projects in social support than of R/S (ps < 0.001). Future research for R/S and health would likely benefit from continued focus on minority communities and on identifying and developing appropriate interventions to support individual and community health and well-being.
Topics: Humans; Spirituality; Religion; Mental Health; Minority Groups; Social Support
PubMed: 38169027
DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01973-7 -
Heart & Lung : the Journal of Critical... 2013Psychosocial factors and physical health are associated with increased psychological distress post-heart transplant. Integrating findings from qualitative studies could... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Psychosocial factors and physical health are associated with increased psychological distress post-heart transplant. Integrating findings from qualitative studies could highlight mechanisms for how these factors contribute to psychological well-being, thus aiding the development of interventions.
OBJECTIVE
To integrate qualitative findings regarding adult heart transplant recipients experiences, such as their emotions, perceptions and attitudes.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-summary were conducted. Data from seven studies were categorized into 16 abstracted findings.
RESULTS
The most prominent finding across the studies related to recipients' perceptions of the importance of social support. Other prominent findings related to factors that promoted psychological well-being, such as faith, optimism and sense of control.
CONCLUSIONS
Psychological well-being may be improved by enhancing perceived control over health and daily life, promoting an optimistic outlook by facilitating access to social support from other heart transplant recipients and ensuring post-transplant recipient-caregiver partnerships adequately support the transition back to independence.
Topics: Adult; Caregivers; Female; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Male; Qualitative Research; Quality of Life; Social Support
PubMed: 24035493
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2013.08.003 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2019Inter-organizational information systems are critical in the modern business world, as a large portion of economic activities are done through inter-organizational... (Review)
Review
Inter-organizational information systems are critical in the modern business world, as a large portion of economic activities are done through inter-organizational collaborations. One such important collaboration is social innovation/entrepreneurship, which involves multiple parties from diverse areas cooperating in major tasks. Against such a backdrop, exploring beneficial factors for organizational members to actively develop and/or make good use of a management information system (MIS) for collaborative performance has become a vital research question. This conceptual paper argues that positive psychology is critical to encourage members to volunteer to construct an MIS that facilitates social innovation effectiveness. Specifically, we discuss the four dimensions of psychological capital (i.e., hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and resilience) on effective inter-organizational MIS attributes (e.g., connectivity), and on the consequences of social innovation. At the core of this discussion, we believe that a positive psychological foundation is a driver for staff effort to contribute to a better MIS, which could benefit social innovation success. This research contributes by offering inspiration for future studies to link the micro- and macro-level aspects of social innovation and entrepreneurship phenomena.
PubMed: 31354556
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01436 -
Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal Jun 2019Recovery, defined as a personal process of living with mental illness, has become a prominent concept in mental health care. We aimed to map the state of the art of...
OBJECTIVE
Recovery, defined as a personal process of living with mental illness, has become a prominent concept in mental health care. We aimed to map the state of the art of conceptualizing recovery, its promoting and impeding factors, recovery-oriented practice, and the assessment of recovery.
METHOD
A scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was performed. Systematic searches were conducted, supplemented with hand-searching in reference lists.
RESULTS
Of 228 articles that were identified and 33 that were reviewed, a total of 25 were included. This review showed that the CHIME conceptual framework for personal recovery is widely endorsed, containing the elements of connectedness, hope and optimism, identity, meaning in life, and empowerment. Although personal recovery first and foremost starts from individual preferences, the CHIME framework should be adapted according to culture and unique population characteristics. "Difficulties and trauma" should be added, and the person's choice, risk taking, and coping with challenges should be emphasized. Barriers to recovery are stigma and negative effects of mental health services and medication. Facilitators of recovery include spirituality, personal agency, and social support. Recovery-focused interventions, in which peer providers are involved, enhance recovery, hope, and empowerment. For assessing recovery outcomes, multiple instruments are accepted as methodologically sound.
CONCLUSIONS
Personal recovery is conceptualized as complementary to clinical recovery and represents processes rather than outcomes. Additional work is needed to bridge the gap between the concept of recovery-oriented practice and routinely provided interventions. A broad framework of recovery is needed, and more research is needed into the working mechanisms of personal recovery processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 30843721
DOI: 10.1037/prj0000356 -
International Journal of Mental Health... Apr 2018Self-harm is an international concern. While treatment in health care focusses on methods to reduce the act, there is less exploration in how to assist adults who are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
What activities might facilitate personal recovery for adults who continue to self-harm? A meta-synthesis employing the connectedness/hope and optimism/identity/meaning/empowerment framework.
Self-harm is an international concern. While treatment in health care focusses on methods to reduce the act, there is less exploration in how to assist adults who are unable to minimize their self-harm. In order to aid these people, in the present systematic review, we employed a qualitative meta-synthesis to explore the lived experience of what activities might facilitate personal recovery for adults who continue to self-harm. Findings were interpreted by drawing on the CHIME framework; a taxonomy of personal recovery comprising of connectedness, hope and optimism, identity, meaning and purpose, and empowerment. The located activities in the review converged on different support groups, and although face-to-face groups were discovered, the majority highlighted the benefits of Internet forums where mutuality and reciprocity were key to promoting personal recovery. Adults desired time to share accounts of themselves, to develop connection and identity. Furthermore, hope was established by group members accepting that self-harm has a role, while congregating with others who did not judge the act. Helping relationships also promoted hope by having a balance between goals and protection against disappointment. The nature of writing online seemingly had cathartic properties fostering meaning, alongside empowerment being facilitated by adults controlling the narrative of their self-harm. It is hoped that these insights might guide self-harm research to develop beyond the confines of minimizing self-injury in health care.
Topics: Adult; Hope; Humans; Optimism; Power, Psychological; Remission Induction; Self-Injurious Behavior
PubMed: 28929615
DOI: 10.1111/inm.12387 -
Current Diabetes Reports Dec 2013Positive psychological characteristics, such as optimism, self-efficacy, and resilience, have been increasingly associated with improved outcomes in medically ill... (Review)
Review
Positive psychological characteristics, such as optimism, self-efficacy, and resilience, have been increasingly associated with improved outcomes in medically ill individuals. However, there has been minimal systematic review of these characteristics and their associations with outcomes in people with diabetes. We aim to review these associations, their potential mediating mechanisms, and the evidence supporting interventions targeting these qualities. In people with diabetes, positive psychological characteristics are significantly associated with improved glycemic control, fewer complications, and reduced rates of mortality. Potential mechanisms mediating these associations include behavioral factors (e.g., improved treatment adherence), reduced inflammation, and improved neuroendocrine and autonomic functioning. Most psychosocial treatments in this population have focused on improving self-efficacy and resilience; such interventions may improve quality of life, well-being, and diabetes self-care. While untested in diabetes, interventions to boost other positive characteristics have been effective in other medically ill patients and may warrant further study in this cohort.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Self Care
PubMed: 24048687
DOI: 10.1007/s11892-013-0430-8 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies Jun 2015Despite many gerontological studies focusing on the health of older adults, little attention has been paid to their perceptions of health. Understanding older adults'... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Despite many gerontological studies focusing on the health of older adults, little attention has been paid to their perceptions of health. Understanding older adults' health perceptions is important because their self-perceptions are important predictors of and strongly related to survival and mortality. Older adults have different perceptions of health compared with younger adults because of their age-related changes, diseases, and limitations. There are also differences between older adults' and health professionals' perceptions of health.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze and synthesize qualitative studies that have explored older adults' perceptions of health.
METHODS
Four electronic databases were searched for qualitative studies published from the earliest year to 2013, revealing 12 studies for inclusion. The systematic review employed three components of the meta-study including meta-data-analysis, meta-method, and meta-theory.
RESULTS
Five health themes are identified from the included studies: ability to do something independently, absence or management of symptoms, acceptance and adjustment with optimism, connectedness with others, and feeling enough energy.
CONCLUSION
Future gerontological research should use appropriate existing health theories and develop new health theories specific to older adults. Healthcare providers should evaluate and revise their health definitions according to older adults' health perceptions and provide appropriate health interventions. Policymakers should have an in-depth understanding of older adults' health perceptions to establish effective older-adult-centered health policies.
Topics: Aged; Health Status; Humans
PubMed: 25747672
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.02.001 -
BMC Public Health Apr 2011Oxygen therapy is recommended for all of the 1.5 - 2.7 million young children who consult health services with hypoxemic pneumonia each year, and the many more with... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Oxygen therapy is recommended for all of the 1.5 - 2.7 million young children who consult health services with hypoxemic pneumonia each year, and the many more with other serious conditions. However, oxygen supplies are intermittent throughout the developing world. Although oxygen is well established as a treatment for hypoxemic pneumonia, quantitative evidence for its effect is lacking. This review aims to assess the utility of oxygen systems as a method for reducing childhood mortality from pneumonia.
METHODS
Aiming to improve priority setting methods, The Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) has developed a common framework to score competing interventions into child health. That framework involves the assessment of 12 different criteria upon which interventions can be compared. This report follows the proposed framework, using a semi-systematic literature review and the results of a structured exercise gathering opinion from experts (leading basic scientists, international public health researchers, international policy makers and representatives of pharmaceutical companies), to assess and score each criterion as their "collective optimism" towards each, on a scale from 0 to 100%.
RESULTS
A rough estimate from an analysis of the literature suggests that global strengthening of oxygen systems could save lives of up to 122,000 children from pneumonia annually. Following 12 CHNRI criteria, the experts expressed very high levels of optimism (over 80%) for answerability, low development cost and low product cost; high levels of optimism (60-80%) for low implementation cost, likelihood of efficacy, deliverability, acceptance to end users and health workers; and moderate levels of optimism (40-60%) for impact on equity, affordability and sustainability. The median estimate of potential effectiveness of oxygen systems to reduce the overall childhood pneumonia mortality was ~20% (interquartile range: 10-35%, min. 0%, max. 50%). However, problems with oxygen systems in terms of affordability, sustainability and impact on equity are noted in both expert opinion scores and on review.
CONCLUSION
Oxygen systems are likely to be an effective intervention in combating childhood mortality from pneumonia. However, a number of gaps in the evidence base exist that should be addressed to complete the investment case and research addressing these issues merit greater funding attention.
Topics: Child; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoxia; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Pneumonia; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 21501446
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S3-S28