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Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021(1) Background: Menopause is a physiological condition typified by drastic hormonal changes, and the effects of this transition have long-term significant clinical... (Review)
Review
(1) Background: Menopause is a physiological condition typified by drastic hormonal changes, and the effects of this transition have long-term significant clinical implications on the general health, including symptoms or physical changes. In menopausal women, the periodontium can be affected directly or through neural mechanism by oestrogen (E2) deficiency. The majority of the biological effects of E2 are modulated via both oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) and oestrogen receptor- β (ERβ). There is evidence that hypoestrogenism has a substantial impact on the aetiology, manifestation and severity of periodontitis, via the regulation of the expression of osteoprogesterin and RANKL in human periodontal ligament cells through ERβ. However, the mechanistic understanding of oestrogen in periodontal status has been partially clarified. The aim of this paper was to synopsize the recent scientific evidence concerning the link between the menopause and periodontitis, through the investigation of physio-pathological impact of the oestrogen deficiency on osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and PDLSC, as well as the dynamic change of ERα and ERβ. (2) Methods: Search was conducted for significant studies by exploring electronic PubMed and EMBASE databases, and it was independently performed by two researchers. All studies on the impact of oestrogen level on alveolar bone resorption were searched from 2005 to July 2020. Data selection was in concordance with PRISMA guidelines. (3) Results: Eight studies met the criteria and were included in this systematic review. All studies reported that oestrogen deficiency impairs the osteogenic and osteoblastic differentiation of PDL cells and oestrogen affects the bone formation capacity of cells. Seven studies were conducted on animal samples, divided into two groups: the OVX animals and animals who received the sham operation. (4) Conclusions: There is a multitude of data available showing the influence of menopause on periodontal status. However, the evidence of this line to investigation needs more research and could help explain the physiological linkage between menopause state and periodontal disease.
PubMed: 34066107
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050572 -
Odontology Jul 2008Collagen barrier membranes are frequently used in both guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR). Collagen used for these devices is available... (Review)
Review
Collagen barrier membranes are frequently used in both guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR). Collagen used for these devices is available from different species and is often processed to alter the properties of the final product. This is necessary because unprocessed collagen is rapidly resorbed in vivo and demands for barrier membranes are different in GTR and GBR. This systematic literature review attempts to evaluate possible effects of collagen origin and mode of cross-linking on the potential of different cells to attach to, proliferate on, and migrate over barrier membranes in vitro. Seventeen original studies, selected by a systematic process, are included in this review. The results show that fibroblasts of different species and originating tissues as well as bone-forming cells are able to attach to collagen membranes irrespective of collagen origin or mode of processing. Different cell types behave differently on identical membranes. Many pieces of evidence are currently available, and we attempted to elucidate the effects of collagen origin and mode of processing on cellular behavior, but further research will be required before it will be possible to predict for certain the effect a specific procedure will have with a given product.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Cell Adhesion; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Collagen; Cross-Linking Reagents; Fibroblasts; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Membranes, Artificial; Osteoblasts; Periodontal Ligament; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 18661198
DOI: 10.1007/s10266-008-0087-y -
Journal of Tissue Engineering and... Oct 2017Regeneration of large, 'critical-size' bone defects remains a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is emerging as a promising alternative to autogenous,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Regeneration of large, 'critical-size' bone defects remains a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is emerging as a promising alternative to autogenous, allogeneic and biomaterial-based bone grafting. The objective of this systematic review was to answer the focused question: in animal models, do cell-based BTE strategies enhance regeneration in alveolar bone critical-size defects (CSDs), compared with grafting with only biomaterial scaffolds or autogenous bone? Following PRISMA guidelines, electronic databases were searched for controlled animal studies reporting maxillary or mandibular CSD and implantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or osteoblasts (OBs) seeded on biomaterial scaffolds. A random effects meta-analysis was performed for the outcome histomorphometric new bone formation (%NBF). Thirty-six studies were included that reported on large- (monkeys, dogs, sheep, minipigs) and small-animal (rabbits, rats) models. On average, studies presented with an unclear-to-high risk of bias and short observation times. In most studies, MSCs or OBs were used in combination with alloplastic mineral-phase scaffolds. In five studies, cells were modified by ex vivo gene transfer of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). The meta-analysis indicated statistically significant benefits in favour of: (1) cell-loaded vs. cell-free scaffolds [weighted mean difference (WMD) 15.59-49.15% and 8.60-13.85% NBF in large- and small-animal models, respectively]; and (2) BMP-gene-modified vs. unmodified cells (WMD 10.06-20.83% NBF in small-animal models). Results of cell-loaded scaffolds vs. autogenous bone were inconclusive. Overall, heterogeneity in the meta-analysis was high (I > 90%). In summary, alveolar bone regeneration is enhanced by addition of osteogenic cells to biomaterial scaffolds. The direction and estimates of treatment effect are useful to predict therapeutic efficacy and guide future clinical trials of BTE. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Grafting; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Publication Bias; Quality Assurance, Health Care; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 27524517
DOI: 10.1002/term.2198 -
The Spine Journal : Official Journal of... Feb 2013Fusion of the spine requires de novo bone formation and remodeling, processes that rely heavily on the action of the osteoblast and osteoclast. Bisphosphonate drugs and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND CONTEXT
Fusion of the spine requires de novo bone formation and remodeling, processes that rely heavily on the action of the osteoblast and osteoclast. Bisphosphonate drugs and intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy are widely prescribed to treat osteoporosis and act on the osteoblast/osteoclast complex. The impact of these medications on spine fusion is not known.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the available evidence on the potential impact of bisphosphonates and PTH on fusion rate and fusion quality in spinal arthrodesis.
STUDY DESIGN
A systematic review of the literature.
PATIENT SAMPLE
All available literature regarding the impact of bisphosphonates and PTH on spinal fusion.
OUTCOME MEASURES
Fusion rate and histologic, microstructural, or biomechanical measures of fusion quality.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature published between 1980 and 2011 was conducted using major electronic databases. The results of studies meeting criteria for inclusion were then aggregated and examined for consensus on the effect of these medications on spine fusion.
RESULTS
The literature contained 18 animal studies and one clinical trial investigating the impact of these medications on spine fusion. Most animal studies evaluating the impact of bisphosphonates on fusion rate have not found statistically significant changes with treatment, although this fact may be attributable to low statistical power. The animal literature does suggest that bisphosphonate therapy results in a less histologically mature fusion mass; however, the impact of these changes on fusion mass biomechanics is unclear. The only available human study suggests that these bisphosphonates may increase the radiographically defined fusion rate but did not demonstrate an impact on clinical outcome. In animals, PTH improves the fusion rate and fusion mass microstructure, but data on its effect on fusion mass biomechanics are lacking. No studies have evaluated the impact of PTH on spine fusion in humans.
CONCLUSIONS
In animals, bisphosphonate therapy appears to impede maturation of the fusion mass, with an unclear effect on mechanical strength. This effect was not seen in the lone human study, which suggested that these medications improved the radiographically defined fusion rate. The available animal studies on intermittent PTH treatment suggest that it may improve fusion rate and fusion mass microstructure. Given the widespread use of these agents, further investigation into their impact on human spine fusion is necessary to inform the care of patients with osteoporosis who are undergoing spine surgery.
Topics: Animals; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Transplantation; Diphosphonates; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Spinal Fusion
PubMed: 22658879
DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2012.03.035 -
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 2016Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) as a safe, effective and noninvasive treatment have been researched and used for many years in orthopedics, and the common use clinically... (Review)
Review
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) as a safe, effective and noninvasive treatment have been researched and used for many years in orthopedics, and the common use clinically is to promote fracture healing. The effects of EMFs on osteoporosis have not been well concerned. The balance between osteoblast and osteoclast activity as well as the balance between osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells plays an important role in the process of osteoporosis. A number of recent reports suggest that EMFs have a positive impact on the balances. In this review, we discuss the recent advances of EMFs in the treatment of osteoporosis from basic research to clinical study and introduce the possible mechanism. In addition, we presented future perspectives of application of EMFs for osteoporosis.
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Magnetic Field Therapy; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 27356174
DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2015.1107840 -
Climacteric : the Journal of the... Apr 2011There are many effects described, both experimental and clinical, that assess the relationship between isoflavones and bone. It has been hypothesized that isoflavones... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There are many effects described, both experimental and clinical, that assess the relationship between isoflavones and bone. It has been hypothesized that isoflavones may have a positive effect on bone health.
OBJECTIVE
To review the effects of isoflavones on biochemical markers of bone remodeling, bone density and bone quality, and finally on fracture incidence.
METHODS
A systematic review was carried out of in vitro, animal, and human studies involving isoflavones and bone health. An electronic search was made, based on Internet search engines, MEDLINE (1966-June 2010) and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register. This search was further supplemented by a hand-search of reference lists of selected review papers.
RESULTS
After crossing-cleaning the reference lists, 737 studies dealing with isoflavones and bone were identified. Of these, 36 were considered selectable. From in vitro and animal studies, isoflavones appear to stimulate osteoblastic bone formation and inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption. Reviewed data show evidence of a beneficial effect of isoflavones on bone health in peri- and postmenopausal women when high-isoflavone soy protein is incorporated in the diet. Inconsistencies observed among data from different studies are related to differences in study design, the variety of soy sources of isoflavones, time of analysis, and the variability in the bioavailability and metabolism of isoflavones.
CONCLUSIONS
Most of the studies suggested a positive relationship between isoflavones and bone health. Further well-controlled, randomized, double-blind, clinical trials with a larger sample population, longer duration, and examination of various dosages are needed to better elucidate the inter-relationship between isoflavones and bone loss and to clarify whether isoflavones could prevent bone fractures.
Topics: Animals; Bone Density; Bone and Bones; Female; Humans; Isoflavones; Menopause; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 21083367
DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2010.529198 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Aug 2016The genus Acer (Aceraceae), commonly known as maple, comprises approximately 129 species that primarily grow in the northern hemisphere, especially in the temperate... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
The genus Acer (Aceraceae), commonly known as maple, comprises approximately 129 species that primarily grow in the northern hemisphere, especially in the temperate regions of East Asia, eastern North America, and Europe. These plants have been traditionally used to treat a wide range of diseases in East Asia and North America. Moreover, clinical studies have shown that medicinal plants belonging to Acer are highly effective in the treatment of rheumatism, bruises, hepatic disorders, eye disease, and pain, and in detoxification. This review provides a systematic and constructive overview of the traditional uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of plants of the genus Acer.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This review is based on a literature study of scientific journals and books from libraries and electronic sources such as SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Springer, PubMed, CNKI, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, and Web of Science. The literature in this review related to chemical constituents and pharmacological activities dates from 1922 to the end of October 2015. Furthermore, ethnopharmacological information on this genus was obtained from libraries and herbaria in China and USA.
RESULTS
In traditional medicine, 40 species, 11 subspecies, and one varieta of the genus Acer are known to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. To date, 331 compounds have been identified from 34 species of the genus Acer, including flavonoids, tannins, phenylpropanoids, diarylheptanoids, terpenoids, benzoic acid derivatives, and several other types of compounds, such as phenylethanoid glycosides and alkaloids. Preliminary pharmacological studies have shown that the extracts and compounds isolated from this genus exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and antiobesity activities, as well as promoting osteoblast differentiation. To date, reports on the toxicity of Acer species to humans are very limited, and the major safety concern of these plants is in the veterinary field.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on our systematic review, Acer species can be used to treat rheumatism, hepatic disorders, eye disease, pain, etc. effectively. Some indications from ethnomedicine have been validated by pharmacological activities, such as the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of the species. The available literature showed that most of the activities of these species can be attributed to flavonoids and tannins. To ensure the safety and efficacy in clinical practice in the future, studies identifying active molecules and clarifying their pharmacological mechanisms as well as toxicity are needed.
Topics: Acer; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ethnobotany; Ethnopharmacology; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Risk Assessment; Toxicity Tests
PubMed: 27132717
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.021 -
Injury Sep 2008Fracture healing constitutes a complex and delicate physiological process. Local vascularity at the site of the fracture has been identified as one of the most... (Review)
Review
Fracture healing constitutes a complex and delicate physiological process. Local vascularity at the site of the fracture has been identified as one of the most significant parameters influencing the healing procedure. VEGF is the most important component of the regeneration of the vascular system at the fracture site. The aim of this review is to determine the evidence supporting the direct role of VEGF in the enhancement of fracture healing and the possible clinical use of VEGF for non-unions. The literature search was performed via the internet using the Medline. The key words which were searched in the abstracts were the terms "VEGF", "angiogenesis", "fracture", "bone" and "healing". Twenty-five articles were relevant to the topic of interest. A total of 11 articles were excluded from our research due to non conformity of their content to the inclusion criteria. Evidence retrieved suggests that VEGF could be extremely valuable for the treatment of critical size bone defects and that VEGF could have a direct effect on osteoprogenitor cells, mainly by promoting the differentiation of osteoblasts and by increasing the mineralisation of the regenerated bone. The former observation could have very interesting repercussions for the field of non-unions and the latter for the field of osteoporosis.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Fracture Healing; Fractures, Bone; Fractures, Ununited; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Mice; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Rabbits; Rats; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 18804573
DOI: 10.1016/S0020-1383(08)70015-9 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2021Recently, there is an increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for bone fracture treatment. Nevertheless, the effect of PRP for...
Recently, there is an increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for bone fracture treatment. Nevertheless, the effect of PRP for bone fracture treatment remains controversial and is still a matter of discussion. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PRP injection for treatment of bone fracture. The main bibliographic databases, including Medline, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library, were comprehensively searched for studies focusing on the application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on bone fracture treatment. All relevant articles were screened for eligibility and subdivided into the preclinical and clinical studies. Data were extracted and presented systematically. Finally, twenty-six preclinical studies (basic studies), nine preclinical studies (animal studies), and nine clinical studies, met the selection criteria, and were included in the present systematic review. Preclinical studies showed an overall positive effect of PRP on osteoblast-like cells and bone healing in animal models. The most used treatment for bone fracture in animal and clinical studies is fixation surgery combined with PRP injection. The clinical studies reported PRP shortened bony healing duration, and had no positive effect on improving the healing rate of closed fractures. However, the results of functional outcomes are controversial. Additionally, compared with control group, PRP would not increase the rate of postoperative wound infection. The present systematic review confirmed the continuing interests of PRP as an additional treatment for bone fracture. Preclinical studies highlighted the potential value of PRP as promising therapy for bone fracture. However, the preclinical evidence did not translate into a similar result in the clinical studies. In addition, types of fractures and procedures of PRP preparation are heterogeneous in enrolled studies, which might result in controversial results. Meanwhile, characteristics of PRP, such as platelet concentration, the numbers of leukocytes, still need to be determined and further research is required.
PubMed: 34414200
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.676033 -
Nutrition Reviews Oct 2023Current osteoporosis pharmacological treatment has undesirable side effects. There is increasing focus on naturally derived food substances that contain phytonutrients...
Effectiveness of anthocyanin-rich foods on bone remodeling biomarkers of middle-aged and older adults at risk of osteoporosis: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.
CONTEXT
Current osteoporosis pharmacological treatment has undesirable side effects. There is increasing focus on naturally derived food substances that contain phytonutrients with antioxidant effects in promoting health and regulating immune response.
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of anthocyanin-rich foods on bone remodeling biomarkers in middle-aged and older adults (≥40 y old) at risk of osteoporosis.
DATA SOURCES
Randomized controlled trials were searched on 8 bibliographic databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest.
DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS
Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) is exhibited from osteoblastic cells that gathered osteoclasts to bone sites for bone resorption, accelerating bone loss. Anthocyanin-rich food consumption showed statistically nonsignificant effects, with no substantial heterogeneity on bone remodeling biomarkers. However, there was a significant increase in lumbar spine L1-L4 bone mineral density. Mild-to-small effects were seen to largely favor the consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods. Berries (d = -0.44) have a larger effect size of RANKL than plums (d = 0.18), with statistically significant subgroup differences. Random-effects meta-regression found body mass index, total attrition rate, total energy, and dietary carbohydrate and fat intake were significant covariates for the effect size of RANKL. All outcomes had low certainty of evidence.
CONCLUSION
Anthocyanin-rich foods may improve bone health in middle-aged and older adults at risk of osteoporosis. This review contributes to the growing interest in nutrient-rich foods as a low-cost and modifiable alternative to promote human health and reduce disease burden. Future high-quality studies with larger sample sizes and longer treatment durations are required to fully understand the effect of anthocyanin-rich foods on bone health.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022367136.
PubMed: 37796900
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad121