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Archives of General Psychiatry Mar 2010Association between obesity and depression has repeatedly been established. For treatment and prevention purposes, it is important to acquire more insight into their... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
CONTEXT
Association between obesity and depression has repeatedly been established. For treatment and prevention purposes, it is important to acquire more insight into their longitudinal interaction.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the longitudinal relationship between depression, overweight, and obesity and to identify possible influencing factors.
DATA SOURCES
Studies were found using PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases and selected on several criteria.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies examining the longitudinal bidirectional relation between depression and overweight (body mass index 25-29.99) or obesity (body mass index > or =30) were selected.
DATA EXTRACTION
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were extracted or provided by the authors.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Overall, unadjusted ORs were calculated and subgroup analyses were performed for the 15 included studies (N = 58 745) to estimate the effect of possible moderators (sex, age, depression severity). Obesity at baseline increased the risk of onset of depression at follow-up (unadjusted OR, 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-1.98; P < .001). This association was more pronounced among Americans than among Europeans (P = .05) and for depressive disorder than for depressive symptoms (P = .05). Overweight increased the risk of onset of depression at follow-up (unadjusted OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07-1.51; P < .01). This association was statistically significant among adults (aged 20-59 years and > or =60 years) but not among younger persons (aged <20 years). Baseline depression (symptoms and disorder) was not predictive of overweight over time. However, depression increased the odds for developing obesity (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.33-1.87; P < .001). Subgroup analyses did not reveal specific moderators of the association.
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis confirms a reciprocal link between depression and obesity. Obesity was found to increase the risk of depression, most pronounced among Americans and for clinically diagnosed depression. In addition, depression was found to be predictive of developing obesity.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Risk Factors
PubMed: 20194822
DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.2 -
The Lancet. Gastroenterology &... Jan 2023The global burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) parallels the increase in obesity rates across the world. Although overweight and obesity status are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The global burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) parallels the increase in obesity rates across the world. Although overweight and obesity status are thought to be an effective indicator for NAFLD screening, the exact prevalence of NAFLD in this population remains unknown. We aimed to report the prevalence of NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the overweight and obese population.
METHODS
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Medline and Embase from database inception until March 6, 2022, using search terms including but not limited to "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease", "overweight", "obesity", and "prevalence". Cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies published after Jan 1, 2000, written in or translated into English were eligible for inclusion; paediatric studies were excluded. Articles were included if the number of NAFLD, NAFL, or NASH events in an overweight and obese population could be extracted. Summary data were extracted from published reports. The primary outcomes were the prevalence of NAFLD, NAFL, and NASH in an overweight and obese population and the prevalence of fibrosis in individuals who were overweight or obese and who had NAFLD. A meta-analysis of proportions was done with the generalised linear mixed model. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022344526).
FINDINGS
The search identified 7389 articles. 151 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. In the pooled analysis comprising 101 028 individuals, the prevalence of NAFLD in the overweight population was 69·99% (95% CI 65·40-74·21 I=99·10%), the prevalence of NAFL was 42·49% (32·55-53·08, I=96·40%), and the prevalence of NASH was 33·50% (28·38-39·04, I=95·60%). Similar prevalence estimates were reported in the obese population for NAFLD (75·27% [95% CI 70·90-79·18]; I=98·50%), NAFL (43·05% [32·78-53·97]; I=96·30%) and NASH (33·67% [28·45-39·31]; I=95·60%). The prevalence of NAFLD in the overweight population was the highest in the region of the Americas (75·34% [95% CI: 67·31-81·93]; I=99·00%). Clinically significant fibrosis (stages F2-4) was present in 20·27% (95% CI 11·32-33·62; I= 93·00%) of overweight individuals with NAFLD and in 21·60% (11·47-36·92; I=95·00%) of obese patients with NAFLD while 6·65% (4·35-10·01; I=58·00%) of overweight individuals with NAFLD and 6·85% (3·85-11·90; I=90·00%) of obese individuals with NAFLD had advanced fibrosis (stages F3-4).
INTERPRETATION
This study summarises the estimated global prevalence of NAFLD, NAFL, and NASH in overweight and obese individuals; these findings are important for improving the understanding of the global NAFLD burden and supporting disease management in the at-risk overweight and obese population.
FUNDING
None.
Topics: Humans; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity; Overweight; Fibrosis
PubMed: 36400097
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00317-X -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Feb 2023To update existing literature and fill the gap in meta-analyses, this meta-analysis quantitatively evaluated the worldwide economic burden (in 2022 US $) of childhood... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
To update existing literature and fill the gap in meta-analyses, this meta-analysis quantitatively evaluated the worldwide economic burden (in 2022 US $) of childhood overweight and obesity in comparison with healthy weight. The literature search in eight databases produced 7756 records. After literature screening, 48 articles met the eligibility criteria. The increased annual total medical costs were $237.55 per capita attributable to childhood overweight and obesity. Overweight and obesity caused a per capita increase of $56.52, $14.27, $46.38, and $1975.06 for costs in nonhospital healthcare, outpatient visits, medication, and hospitalization, respectively. Length of hospital stays increased by 0.28 days. Annual direct and indirect costs were projected to be $13.62 billion and $49.02 billion by 2050. Childhood obesity ascribed to much higher increased healthcare costs than overweight. During childhood, the direct medical expenditures were higher for males than for females, but, once reaching adulthood, the expenditures were higher for females. Overall, the lifetime costs attributable to childhood overweight and obesity were higher in males than in females, and childhood overweight and obesity resulted in much higher indirect costs than direct healthcare costs. Given the increased economic burden, additional efforts and resources should be allocated to support sustainable and scalable childhood obesity programs.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child; Pediatric Obesity; Overweight; Financial Stress; Health Care Costs; Health Expenditures; Cost of Illness
PubMed: 36437105
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13535 -
JAMA Jan 2013Estimates of the relative mortality risks associated with normal weight, overweight, and obesity may help to inform decision making in the clinical setting. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
IMPORTANCE
Estimates of the relative mortality risks associated with normal weight, overweight, and obesity may help to inform decision making in the clinical setting.
OBJECTIVE
To perform a systematic review of reported hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality for overweight and obesity relative to normal weight in the general population.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases were searched through September 30, 2012, without language restrictions.
STUDY SELECTION
Articles that reported HRs for all-cause mortality using standard body mass index (BMI) categories from prospective studies of general populations of adults were selected by consensus among multiple reviewers. Studies were excluded that used nonstandard categories or that were limited to adolescents or to those with specific medical conditions or to those undergoing specific procedures. PubMed searches yielded 7034 articles, of which 141 (2.0%) were eligible. An EMBASE search yielded 2 additional articles. After eliminating overlap, 97 studies were retained for analysis, providing a combined sample size of more than 2.88 million individuals and more than 270,000 deaths.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data were extracted by 1 reviewer and then reviewed by 3 independent reviewers. We selected the most complex model available for the full sample and used a variety of sensitivity analyses to address issues of possible overadjustment (adjusted for factors in causal pathway) or underadjustment (not adjusted for at least age, sex, and smoking).
RESULTS
Random-effects summary all-cause mortality HRs for overweight (BMI of 25-<30), obesity (BMI of ≥30), grade 1 obesity (BMI of 30-<35), and grades 2 and 3 obesity (BMI of ≥35) were calculated relative to normal weight (BMI of 18.5-<25). The summary HRs were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91-0.96) for overweight, 1.18 (95% CI, 1.12-1.25) for obesity (all grades combined), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.88-1.01) for grade 1 obesity, and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.18-1.41) for grades 2 and 3 obesity. These findings persisted when limited to studies with measured weight and height that were considered to be adequately adjusted. The HRs tended to be higher when weight and height were self-reported rather than measured.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Relative to normal weight, both obesity (all grades) and grades 2 and 3 obesity were associated with significantly higher all-cause mortality. Grade 1 obesity overall was not associated with higher mortality, and overweight was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality. The use of predefined standard BMI groupings can facilitate between-study comparisons.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Cause of Death; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Reference Values
PubMed: 23280227
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2012.113905 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Jun 2017The objective of this study is to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improvements in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The effects of high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on body composition in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improvements in body composition in overweight and obese adults.
METHODS
Trials comparing HIIT and MICT in overweight or obese participants aged 18-45 years were included. Direct measures (e.g. whole-body fat mass) and indirect measures (e.g. waist circumference) were examined.
RESULTS
From 1,334 articles initially screened, 13 were included. Studies averaged 10 weeks × 3 sessions per week training. Both HIIT and MICT elicited significant (p < 0.05) reductions in whole-body fat mass and waist circumference. There were no significant differences between HIIT and MICT for any body composition measure, but HIIT required ~40% less training time commitment. Running training displayed large effects on whole-body fat mass for both HIIT and MICT (standardized mean difference -0.82 and -0.85, respectively), but cycling training did not induce fat loss.
CONCLUSIONS
Short-term moderate-intensity to high-intensity exercise training can induce modest body composition improvements in overweight and obese individuals without accompanying body-weight changes. HIIT and MICT show similar effectiveness across all body composition measures suggesting that HIIT may be a time-efficient component of weight management programs.
Topics: Adult; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Energy Metabolism; Heart Rate; High-Intensity Interval Training; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Oxygen Consumption
PubMed: 28401638
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12532 -
Child: Care, Health and Development Sep 2019Controlling childhood overweight/obesity would help early prevention on children from getting chronic noncommunicable diseases, exposing to screen for long periods may... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Controlling childhood overweight/obesity would help early prevention on children from getting chronic noncommunicable diseases, exposing to screen for long periods may increase the risk of overweight/obesity due to lack of physical activity and tend to intake too much energy, and the relationship between screen time and overweight/obesity is inconsistent. Thus, the object of the present study was to estimate the relationship between screen time and overweight/obesity in children (<18 years) by systematically review prevalence studies.
METHODS
We collected data from relevant studies published up to May 2019 using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. And all the literatures were searched in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Web of Science.
RESULTS
A total of 16 studies met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. When compared with the screen time <2 hr/day, an increased overweight/obesity risk among children was shown in the screen time ≥2 hr/day (OR = 1.67; 95% CI [1.48, 1.88], P < .0001). The subgroup analysis showed a positive association between the different types of screen time and overweight/obesity among children.
CONCLUSION
Based on our study, increasing screen time could be a risk factor for being overweight/obesity in children and adolescents.
Topics: Child; Humans; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Prevalence; Publication Bias; Risk Factors; Screen Time; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 31270831
DOI: 10.1111/cch.12701 -
La Clinica Terapeutica 2018Shift work may have significant repercussions on the health of the worker, and has been linked to unhealthy lifestyles. The aim was to conduct a systematic review of the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Shift work may have significant repercussions on the health of the worker, and has been linked to unhealthy lifestyles. The aim was to conduct a systematic review of the literature and to assess the relationship between night shift and overweight and obesity among health professionals. A literature search was performed using PubMed and Scopus. The keywords used included: "shift work", "night work", "obesity", "overweight", "nurses" "doctors" "physicians". The whole process of revision followed the PRISMA Statement. Two researchers independently, reviewed the search results, assessed the quality and extracted data. Six transversal and a cohort studies were found for the population of nurses. The meta-analysis did not produce significant results on the prevalence of obesity in the population of nurses (OR: 1.00; 95% CI 0.66-1.50). More high-quality studies and including a larger number of participants should be conducted, in order to assess whether there is real cause-effect relationship between the exposure to night shifts and weight gain as well as of obesity.
Topics: Health Personnel; Humans; Life Style; Obesity; Overweight; Prevalence; Weight Gain
PubMed: 30151553
DOI: 10.7417/T.2018.2077 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Jun 2023This study aimed to review and quantify the association between overweight and obesity in the risk of multimorbidity among the general population. We conducted a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This study aimed to review and quantify the association between overweight and obesity in the risk of multimorbidity among the general population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in the databases of Pubmed, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. We included cohort studies that assessed the association between overweight and/or obesity with the risk of multimorbidity. The Newcastle-Ottawa assessed the studies' individual quality. A random-effect model meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between overweight and obesity with the relative risk (RR) of multimorbidity; the I test evaluated heterogeneity. After excluding duplicates, we found 1.655 manuscripts, of which eight met the inclusion criteria. Of these, seven (87.5%) evidenced an increased risk of multimorbidity among subjects with overweight and/or obesity. Overall, we observed an increased risk of multimorbidity among subjects with overweight (RR: 1.26; CI95%: 1.12; 1.40, I = 98%) and obesity (RR: 1.99; CI95%: 1.45;2.72, I = 99%) compared to normal weight. According to the I test, the heterogeneities of the meta-analyses were high. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale showed that all studies were classified as high quality. Further longitudinal studies are needed, including different populations and stratifications by sex, age, and other variables.
Topics: Humans; Overweight; Multimorbidity; Obesity; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 36929143
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13562 -
Nutrients Oct 2021Intestinal microbiota has been shown to be a potential determining factor in the development of obesity. The objective of this systematic review is to collect and learn,...
Intestinal microbiota has been shown to be a potential determining factor in the development of obesity. The objective of this systematic review is to collect and learn, based on the latest available evidence, the effect of the use of probiotics and synbiotics in randomized clinical trials on weight loss in people with overweight and obesity. A search for articles was carried out in PubMed, Web of science and Scopus until September 2021, using search strategies that included the terms "obesity", "overweight", "probiotic", "synbiotic", "", "" and "weight loss". Of the 185 articles found, only 27 complied with the selection criteria and were analyzed in the review, of which 23 observed positive effects on weight loss. The intake of probiotics or synbiotics could lead to significant weight reductions, either maintaining habitual lifestyle habits or in combination with energy restriction and/or increased physical activity for an average of 12 weeks. Specific strains belonging to the genus and were the most used and those that showed the best results in reducing body weight. Both probiotics and synbiotics have the potential to help in weight loss in overweight and obese populations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Probiotics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Synbiotics; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss; Young Adult
PubMed: 34684633
DOI: 10.3390/nu13103627 -
BMJ Open Mar 2023To compare the efficacy and safety between and within glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists versus SGLT-2 inhibitors in overweight/obese patients with or without diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and safety between and within glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) in overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes mellitus.
METHODS
PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database were comprehensively searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of effects of GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is in overweight or obese participants from inception to 16 January 2022. The efficacy outcomes were the changes of body weight, glucose level and blood pressure. The safety outcomes were serious adverse events and discontinuation due to adverse events. The mean differences, ORs, 95% credible intervals (95% CI), the surface under the cumulative ranking were evaluated for each outcome by network meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Sixty-one RCTs were included in our analysis. Both GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is conferred greater extents in body weight reduction, achieving at least 5% wt loss, HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose decrease compared with placebo. GLP-1RAs was superior to SGLT-2is in HbA1c reduction (MD: -0.39%, 95% CI -0.70 to -0.08). GLP-1RAs had high risk of adverse events, while SGLT-2is were relatively safe. Based on intraclass comparison, semaglutide 2.4 mg was among the most effective interventions in losing body weight (MD: -11.51 kg, 95% CI -12.83 to -10.21), decreasing HbA1c (MD: -1.49%, 95% CI -2.07 to -0.92) and fasting plasma glucose (MD: -2.15 mmol/L, 95% CI -2.83 to -1.59), reducing systolic blood pressure (MD: -4.89 mm Hg, 95% CI -6.04 to -3.71) and diastolic blood pressure (MD: -1.59 mm Hg, 95% CI -2.37 to -0.86) with moderate certainty evidences, while it was associated with high risk of adverse events.
CONCLUSIONS
Semaglutide 2.4 mg showed the greatest effects on losing body weight, controlling glycaemic level and reducing blood pressure while it was associated with high risk of adverse events.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021258103.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glycated Hemoglobin; Network Meta-Analysis; Obesity; Overweight; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; Weight Loss
PubMed: 36882248
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061807