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African Journal of Traditional,... 2014This study was aimed at determining the effects and safety of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction (DCQD) or DCQD combined with conservative therapy in patients with intestinal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
This study was aimed at determining the effects and safety of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction (DCQD) or DCQD combined with conservative therapy in patients with intestinal obstruction.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and several other databases were searched. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of DCQD or DCQD plus conservative therapy in patients with intestinal obstruction were eligible. Therapeutic effect was estimated by the improvement of clinical manifestations and diagnostic imaging; dichotomous/ordinal data assessment of overall response to therapy, adverse effects; or continuous variable were identified, including time to first bowel movement, time to first flatus, length of hospital stay.
RESULTS
Sixty eligible RCTs including 6,095 patients were identified. Response rate: (1) DCQD versus conservative therapy (6 RCTs, 361 patients, RR of respond =1.13; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.31). (2) DCQD plus conservative therapy versus conservative therapy (48 RCTs, 4,916 patients, RR of respond =1.25 which favoured DCQD plus conservative therapy; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.30). Treatment effect remained similar when RCTs at high risk of bias were excluded. Time to first flatus postoperatively: (1) DCQD versus conservative therapy (2 RCTs, 240 patients, SMD=-3.65; 95% CI -8.17 to 0.87). (2) DCQD plus conservative therapy versus conservative therapy (11 RCTs, 1,040 patients, SMD=-2.09 which favoured DCQD plus conservative therapy; 95% CI -3.04 to -1.15).
CONCLUSION
DCQD combined with conservative therapy may increase the success rate of conservative therapy for intestinal obstruction significantly and can shorten the duration of postoperative ileus in patients undergoing abdominal surgery compared with conservative therapy alone.
Topics: Citrus; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Magnolia; Magnoliopsida; Phytotherapy; Postoperative Complications; Rheum
PubMed: 25392589
DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i4.17 -
Progres En Urologie : Journal de... Sep 2017Postoperative ileus occurs in different degrees, in the majority of patients undergoing radical cystectomy, which may increase the length of hospital stay. The use of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Postoperative ileus occurs in different degrees, in the majority of patients undergoing radical cystectomy, which may increase the length of hospital stay. The use of chewing gum has demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing time-to-bowel function and the length of hospital stay in several surgical procedures.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the benefit of post-operative chewing gum use in patients undergoing radical cystectomy through a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We performed a literature search of MedLine, Scopus, CochraneLibrary and ClinicalTrials.Gov in March 2017 according to the Cochrane Handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes. The studies were evaluated according to the "Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine" criteria. The outcome measures evaluated were time-to-flatus, time-to-defecation, length of the hospital stay, and the rates of general and gastrointestinal postoperative complications. Continuous and dichotomous variables were compared respectively using weighted means differences and odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals. The presence of publication bias was examined by funnel plots.
RESULTS
Three studies (including 274 patients in total) met the inclusion criteria. The pooled results demonstrated a 11.82hour reduction in time-to-flatus (95 % CI : -15.43, -8.22h, P <0.00001), and 19.57hours in time-to-defecation (95 % CI : -29.33, -9.81h, P <0.0001), and a decreasing trend of 2.85 days in the length of the hospital stay (95 % CI : -6.13, -0.43, P=0.09), by the use of chewing gum. There was no significant difference between the "chewing gum" and "control" groups in terms of general and gastrointestinal complications (Peto Odds ratio 1.04 [0.60, 1.79], 95 % CI, P=0.89 and Peto Odds ratio 0.65 [0.26, 1.61], 95 % CI, P=0.35 respectively).
CONCLUSION
Chewing gum may be recommended postoperatively in patients undergoing radical cystectomy to improve time-to-bowel function.
Topics: Chewing Gum; Cystectomy; Defecation; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction; Length of Stay; Postoperative Care; Postoperative Complications; Recovery of Function; Time Factors
PubMed: 28734774
DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2017.06.005 -
Innovative Surgical Sciences Dec 2021Ileus following surgery can arise in different forms namely as paralytic ileus, adhesive small bowel obstruction or as anastomotic stenosis. The incidences of these...
OBJECTIVES
Ileus following surgery can arise in different forms namely as paralytic ileus, adhesive small bowel obstruction or as anastomotic stenosis. The incidences of these different forms of ileus are not well known after abdominal birth defect surgery in infants. Therefore, this review aims to estimate the incidence in general between abdominal birth defects.
CONTENT
Studies reporting on paralytic ileus, adhesive small bowel obstruction or anastomotic stenosis were considered eligible. PubMed and Embase were searched and risk of bias was assessed. Primary outcome was the incidence of complications. A meta-analysis was performed to pool the reported incidences in total and per birth defect separately.
SUMMARY
This study represents a total of 11,617 patients described in 152 studies of which 86 (56%) had a follow-up of at least half a year. Pooled proportions were calculated as follows; paralytic ileus: 0.07 (95%-CI, 0.05-0.11; =71%, p≤0.01) ranging from 0.14 (95% CI: 0.08-0.23) in gastroschisis to 0.05 (95%-CI: 0.02-0.13) in omphalocele. Adhesive small bowel obstruction: 0.06 (95%-CI: 0.05-0.07; =74%, p≤0.01) ranging from 0.11 (95% CI: 0.06-0.19) in malrotation to 0.03 (95% CI: 0.02-0.06) in anorectal malformations. Anastomotic stenosis after a month 0.04 (95%-CI: 0.03-0.06; =59%, p=0.30) ranging from 0.08 (95% CI: 0.04-0.14) in gastroschisis to 0.02 (95% CI: 0.01-0.04) in duodenal obstruction. Anastomotic stenosis within a month 0.03 (95%-CI 0.01-0.10; =81%, p=0.02) was reviewed without separate analysis per birth defect.
OUTLOOK
This review is the first to aggregate the known literature in order approximate the incidence of different forms of ileus for different abdominal birth defects. We showed these complications are common and the distribution varies between birth defects. Knowing which birth defects are most at risk can aid clinicians in taking prompt action, such as nasogastric tube placement, when an ileus is suspected. Future research should focus on the identification of risk factors and preventative measures. The incidences provided by this review can be used in those studies as a starting point for sample size calculations.
PubMed: 35937853
DOI: 10.1515/iss-2020-0042 -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... Jul 2017Ogilvie's Syndrome or Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO) is a rare condition characterized by massive dilatation of the colon in the absence of mechanical... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Ogilvie's Syndrome or Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO) is a rare condition characterized by massive dilatation of the colon in the absence of mechanical obstruction. About 10% of all reported cases are related to Obstetric and Gynaecological procedures, Caesarean section being the commonest associated factor. Acute intestinal dilatation, if not treated, may lead to perforation and faecal peritonitis with consequent high morbidity and mortality.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic literature searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Google scholar and hand searches for relevant references were included without any language restriction. All the records reported after year 2002 were included for the full review. We analyzed the quality of the reports and the data was further analyzed for their respective risk factors, clinical features, management methods, morbidity and mortality.
RESULTS
The results from our searches included a total of 125 cases of postpartum ACPO. A total of 66 cases were reported in 37 publications after year 2002. Details of delivery were recorded in 13(19%), clinical manifestations in 49(69%), imaging results in 43(65%) and management described in 100% of the cases. Although 62(92%) cases were following caesarean section, no specific antepartum or intrapartum factors were associated with ACPO. The caesarean sections performed for indications of preeclampsia, multiple pregnancy, antepartum haemorrhage/placenta previa were more in this group of patients who developed ACPO compared to caesarean sections performed for same indication in general population of England and Wales. Abdominal distension and pain were the commonest symptoms, followed by vomiting. Fever was common in patients with perforation. Twenty eight (43%) patients had intestinal perforation or impending perforation, and 31(47%) patients required laparotomy. Conservative management was successful in 33(50%) patients. All patients with a caecal diameter of more than 12cm perforated compared to 3/17 with a diameter of less than 9cm. Most perforations were diagnosed between postoperative day 3 and day 5. Only one case of mortality has been recorded (1.5%).
CONCLUSIONS
No specific risk factors could be identified for postpartum ACPO. A postpartum patient with abdominal distension and pain should have appropriate imaging to rule out colonic dilatation and/or perforation. Perforation may occur with a caecal diameter of less than 9cm but it is more likely if the diameter exceeded 12cm. The mortality risk appears to be low in the postpartum group compared to other patients with ACPO. There is a need for establishing national level databases to capture all the relevant data in a consistent manner, to understand this rare disease process.
Topics: Cesarean Section; Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Puerperal Disorders
PubMed: 28531835
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.04.028 -
Evidence-based Spine-care Journal Apr 2013Study Design Systematic review. Study Rationale To seek out and assess the best quality evidence available comparing opening wedge osteotomy (OWO) and closing wedge... (Review)
Review
Study Design Systematic review. Study Rationale To seek out and assess the best quality evidence available comparing opening wedge osteotomy (OWO) and closing wedge osteotomy (CWO) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis to determine whether their results differ with regard to several different subjective and objective outcome measures. Objective The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in subjective and objective outcomes when comparing CWO and OWO in patients with ankylosing spondylitis suffering from clinically significant thoracolumbar kyphosis with respect to quality-of-life assessments, complication risks, and the amount of correction of the spine achieved at follow-up. Methods A systematic review was undertaken of articles published up to July 2012. Electronic databases and reference lists of key articles were searched to identify studies comparing effectiveness and safety outcomes between adult patients with ankylosing spondylitis who received closing wedge versus opening wedge osteotomies. Studies that included pediatric patients, polysegmental osteotomies, or revision procedures were excluded. Two independent reviewers assessed the strength of evidence using the GRADE criteria and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Results From a total of 67 possible citations, 4 retrospective cohorts (class of evidence III) met our inclusion criteria and form the basis for this report. No differences in Oswestry Disability Index, visual analog scale for pain, Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-24 score, SRS-22 score, and patient satisfaction were reported between the closing and opening wedge groups across two studies. Regarding radiological outcomes following closing versus opening osteotomies, mean change in sagittal vertical axis ranged from 8.9 to 10.8 cm and 8.0 to 10.9 cm, respectively, across three studies; mean change in lumbar lordosis ranged from 36 to 47 degrees and 19 to 41 degrees across four studies; and mean change in global kyphosis ranged from 38 to 40 degrees and 28 to 35 degrees across two studies. Across all studies, overall complication risks ranged from 0 to 16.7% following CWO and from 0 to 23.6% following OWO. Conclusion No statistically significant differences were seen in patient-reported or radiographic outcomes between CWO and OWO in any study. The risks of dural tear, neurological injury, and reoperation were similar between groups. Blood loss was greater in the closing wedge compared with the opening wedge group, while the risk of paralytic ileus was less. The overall strength of evidence for the conclusions is low.
PubMed: 24436696
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1341604 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jan 2008Postoperative adynamic bowel atony interferes with recovery following abdominal surgery. Prokinetic pharmacologic drugs are widely used to accelerate postoperative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Postoperative adynamic bowel atony interferes with recovery following abdominal surgery. Prokinetic pharmacologic drugs are widely used to accelerate postoperative recovery.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the benefits and harms of systemic acting prokinetic drugs to treat postoperative adynamic ileus in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.
SEARCH STRATEGY
Trials were identified by computerised searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Colorectal Cancer Group specialised register. The reference lists of included trials and review articles were tracked and authors contacted.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled parallel-group trials (RCT) comparing the effect of systemically acting prokinetic drugs against placebo or no intervention.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Four reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed trial quality. Trial authors were contacted for additional information if needed.
MAIN RESULTS
Thirty-nine RCTs met the inclusion criteria contributing a total of 4615 participants. Most trials enrolled a small number of patients and showed moderate to poor (reporting of) methodological quality, in particular regarding allocation concealment and intention-to-treat analysis. Fifteen systemic acting prokinetic drugs were investigated and ten comparisons could be summarized. Six RCTs support the effect of Alvimopan, a novel peripheral mu receptor antagonist. However, the trials do not meet reporting guidelines and the drug is still in an investigational stage. Erythromycin showed homogenous and consistent absence of effect across all included trials and outcomes. The evidence is insufficient to recommend the use of cholecystokinin-like drugs, cisapride, dopamine-antagonists, propranolol or vasopressin. Effects are either inconsistent across outcomes, or trials are too small and often of poor methodological quality. Cisapride has been withdrawn from the market due to adverse cardiac events in many countries. Intravenous lidocaine and neostigmine might show a potential effect, but more evidence on clinically relevant outcomes is needed. Heterogeneity among included trials was seen in 10 comparisons. No major adverse drug effects were evident.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Alvimopan may prove to be beneficial but proper judgement needs adherence to reporting standards. Further trials are needed on intravenous lidocaine and neostigmine. The remaining drugs can not be recommended due to lack of evidence or absence of effect.
Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction; Peristalsis; Postoperative Complications; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 18254064
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004930.pub3 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Aug 2017To critically review the literature addressing the definition, epidemiology, aetiology and pathophysiology of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO).
AIM
To critically review the literature addressing the definition, epidemiology, aetiology and pathophysiology of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO).
METHODS
A systematic search was performed to identify articles investigating the aetiology and pathophysiology of ACPO. A narrative synthesis of the evidence was undertaken.
RESULTS
No consistent approach to the definition or reporting of ACPO has been developed, which has led to overlapping investigation with other conditions. A vast array of risk factors has been identified, supporting a multifactorial aetiology. The pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear, but are likely related to altered autonomic regulation of colonic motility, in the setting of other predisposing factors.
CONCLUSION
Future research should aim to establish a clear and consistent definition of ACPO, and elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to altered colonic function. An improved understanding of the aetiology of ACPO may facilitate the development of targeted strategies for its prevention and treatment.
Topics: Acute Disease; Cesarean Section; Colon; Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction; Female; Humans; Incidence; Risk Factors; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 28852322
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i30.5634 -
International Journal of Colorectal... Apr 2022To evaluate comparative outcomes of straight (end-to-end) anastomosis versus colonic J-pouch anastomosis following anterior resection. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
To evaluate comparative outcomes of straight (end-to-end) anastomosis versus colonic J-pouch anastomosis following anterior resection.
METHODS
A systematic search of multiple electronic data sources was conducted, and all studies comparing straight (end-to-end) anastomosis versus J-pouch anastomosis were included. Anastomotic complications, post-operative complications, re-operation, mortality, and functional outcomes were the evaluated outcome parameters. Revman 5.3 was used for data analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven studies reporting a total number of 3293 patients who underwent straight anastomosis (n = 1581) or J-pouch (n = 1712) were included. Anastomotic leak and re-operation rates were significantly higher in the straight group compared to the J-pouch group [RD 0.03, P = 0.03] and [OR 1.87, P = 0.003], respectively. Stool frequency per 24 h at 6 months and 12 months was lower in the J-pouch group than the straight group [MD 2.13, P = 0.003] and [MD 1.44, P = 0.00001], respectively. In addition, the use of anti-diarrheal medication is lower at 12 months in the J-pouch group [MD 3.85, P = 0.03]. Moreover, the two groups showed comparable results regarding SSI, sepsis, paralytic ileus, anastomotic stricture formation, anastomotic bleeding, and mortality.
CONCLUSION
J-pouch anastomosis showed lower risk for anastomotic leak and re-operation. Furthermore, better functional outcomes such as stool frequency were achieved using the colonic J-pouch reconstruction over the conventional straight end-to-end anastomosis.
Topics: Anal Canal; Anastomosis, Surgical; Colon; Colonic Pouches; Humans; Proctocolectomy, Restorative; Rectal Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35306586
DOI: 10.1007/s00384-022-04130-w -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Jun 2003Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is defined as a clinical syndrome characterized by impairment of intestinal propulsion, which may resemble intestinal obstruction, in the... (Review)
Review
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is defined as a clinical syndrome characterized by impairment of intestinal propulsion, which may resemble intestinal obstruction, in the absence of a mechanical cause. It may involve the small and/or the large bowel, and may present in acute, subacute or chronic forms. We have performed a systematic review of acute pseudo-obstruction, also referred to as Ogilvie's syndrome in the literature, and focused on proposed mechanisms, manifestations and management of post-surgery and critically ill patients who suffer from one or more underlying clinical conditions. The hallmark of the syndrome is massive intestinal distension, which is detected on clinical inspection and plain abdominal radiography. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, treatment focuses on preventing intestinal perforation, which is associated with an average 21% mortality rate.
Topics: Critical Illness; Humans; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
PubMed: 12763505
DOI: 10.1016/s1521-6918(03)00023-4 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Mar 2024Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a rare subtype of prostate cancer (PCa) that usually results in poor clinical outcomes and may be accompanied by paraneoplastic... (Review)
Review
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a rare subtype of prostate cancer (PCa) that usually results in poor clinical outcomes and may be accompanied by paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). NEPC is becoming more frequent. It can initially manifest as PNS, complicating diagnosis. Therefore, we reviewed the literature on the different PNS associated with NEPC. We systematically reviewed English-language articles from January 2017 to September 2023, identifying 17 studies meeting PRISMA guidelines for NEPC and associated PNS. A total of 17 articles were included in the review. Among these, Cushing's Syndrome (CS) due to ectopic Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion was the most commonly reported PNS. Other PNS included syndrome of inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone secretion (SIADH), Anti-Hu-mediated chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO), limbic encephalitis, Evans Syndrome, hypercalcemia, dermatomyositis, and polycythemia. Many patients had a history of prostate adenocarcinoma treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) before neuroendocrine features developed. The mean age was 65.5 years, with a maximum survival of 9 months post-diagnosis. NEPC is becoming an increasingly more common subtype of PCa that can result in various PNS. This makes the diagnosis and treatment of NEPC challenging. Further research is crucial to understanding these syndromes and developing standardized, targeted treatments to improve patient survival.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Androgen Antagonists; Paraneoplastic Syndromes
PubMed: 38534956
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31030123