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Clinical Oral Investigations Mar 2022This systematic review aims to answer the following question: What is the psychological impact of orthognathic surgery on patients with dentofacial deformities... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aims to answer the following question: What is the psychological impact of orthognathic surgery on patients with dentofacial deformities undergoing orthodontic-surgical treatment?
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The search was adapted for each of the following databases: American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences (LILACS), Cochrane Library, Embase, Psychinfo, PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Science, and gray literature using Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Assessment Checklist. This study performed estimates of interest, random-effects meta-analyses, and calculated heterogeneity using Higgins inconsistency index (I).
RESULTS
A total of 6751 references were found in all searches. After applying the eligibility criteria after full-text reading, 37 studies comprised the final qualitative synthesis. Thirteen studies were included in quantitative synthesis, and it was possible to meta-analyze data from the following questionnaires: GHQ-28, MMPI, RSES, and SCL-90-R. There was an improvement in psychological aspects related to depression, hysteria, self-esteem, anxiety, obsessive-compulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideas, and psychoticism (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Correction of dentofacial deformity through orthodontic-surgical treatment is associated with improvements observed in several psychological domains, especially in relation to depressive states.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This result highlights the importance of surgeons and orthodontists in promoting adequate control of patients' expectations and treatment goals taking into account the individual's psychological aspects.
Topics: Craniofacial Abnormalities; Depression; Humans; Orthognathic Surgery; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34817686
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04304-w -
International Review of Psychiatry... May 2021People with psychosis can experience social functioning impairments. Virtual reality (VR) has been used to assess and treat these difficulties. This systematic review...
People with psychosis can experience social functioning impairments. Virtual reality (VR) has been used to assess and treat these difficulties. This systematic review (Prospero CRD42015026288) provides an evaluation of these VR applications. PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched until May 2020. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool was used to assess studies. Database searching identified 3810 titles. Fifty-eight studies (published 2005-2020; = 2,853), comprising twenty-six head-mounted display studies (20 assessment, 6 treatment) and thirty-two immersive 2D screen studies (23 assessment, 9 treatment), were included. There were forty-eight observational studies and ten randomised controlled trials, with 1570 participants (of which, 185 were at ultra-high risk of psychosis) in VR test groups. Nearly half the studies were published since 2016. Assessments targeted cognitive and behavioural indicators of social functioning, e.g. paranoia, eye gaze, or interpersonal distance. Treatments promoted cognitive-behavioural social skills or job interview training. Studies indicate feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of VR for social functioning impairments in psychosis. Limitations of studies include the narrow scope of social functioning, small sample sizes, and limited randomised controlled trials and standardised interventions. Findings suggest VR has potential to be integrated with existing psychological approaches.
Topics: Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Social Interaction; Virtual Reality
PubMed: 34121587
DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2021.1918648 -
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Dec 2019This study aimed at searching the literature and reassessing the concept of shared psychotic disorder (SPD) in young people under 18 taking into account genetic...
This study aimed at searching the literature and reassessing the concept of shared psychotic disorder (SPD) in young people under 18 taking into account genetic vulnerability, social circumstances and family situation to have a better understanding of this condition. Published case reports from 1980 through to March 2017, which included children and adolescents meeting DSM-III/IV/IV-TR or ICD 10 criteria of SPD, were identified. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected and analysed; a post hoc analysis comparing inductors and induced was also conducted. Four hundred and eight articles were assessed for eligibility of which 27 were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Thirty families were described. Forty-eight children were identified including 6 inductors and 42 induced. Although delusional beliefs were presented in all subjects, hallucinations were only reported in 50% of the inductors and 27% of the inductees. Social isolation was the most common social context (83.3% of the inductors; 76.2% of the induced) and 18 out of 45 children (data missing for n = 3) were initially separated from adults involved although the outcome of the symptoms was not different from those who were not separated. Children who were inductors were more likely to meet criteria of major psychotic illness in the future. Most of the induced children involved in a case of shared psychosis were first-degree relatives of the inductor. Shared psychotic disorder probably occurs in premorbid predisposed individuals where genetic and environmental factors play an important role in the development of the psychotic episode.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 30328525
DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1236-7 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jul 2001To quantify the antiemetic efficacy and adverse effects of cannabis used for sickness induced by chemotherapy. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To quantify the antiemetic efficacy and adverse effects of cannabis used for sickness induced by chemotherapy.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
DATA SOURCES
Systematic search (Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, bibliographies), any language, to August 2000.
STUDIES
30 randomised comparisons of cannabis with placebo or antiemetics from which dichotomous data on efficacy and harm were available (1366 patients). Oral nabilone, oral dronabinol (tetrahydrocannabinol), and intramuscular levonantradol were tested. No cannabis was smoked. Follow up lasted 24 hours.
RESULTS
Cannabinoids were more effective antiemetics than prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, chlorpromazine, thiethylperazine, haloperidol, domperidone, or alizapride: relative risk 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.62), number needed to treat 6 for complete control of nausea; 1.28 (1.08 to 1.51), NNT 8 for complete control of vomiting. Cannabinoids were not more effective in patients receiving very low or very high emetogenic chemotherapy. In crossover trials, patients preferred cannabinoids for future chemotherapy cycles: 2.39 (2.05 to 2.78), NNT 3. Some potentially beneficial side effects occurred more often with cannabinoids: "high" 10.6 (6.86 to 16.5), NNT 3; sedation or drowsiness 1.66 (1.46 to 1.89), NNT 5; euphoria 12.5 (3.00 to 52.1), NNT 7. Harmful side effects also occurred more often with cannabinoids: dizziness 2.97 (2.31 to 3.83), NNT 3; dysphoria or depression 8.06 (3.38 to 19.2), NNT 8; hallucinations 6.10 (2.41 to 15.4), NNT 17; paranoia 8.58 (6.38 to 11.5), NNT 20; and arterial hypotension 2.23 (1.75 to 2.83), NNT 7. Patients given cannabinoids were more likely to withdraw due to side effects 4.67 (3.07 to 7.09), NNT 11.
CONCLUSIONS
In selected patients, the cannabinoids tested in these trials may be useful as mood enhancing adjuvants for controlling chemotherapy related sickness. Potentially serious adverse effects, even when taken short term orally or intramuscularly, are likely to limit their widespread use.
Topics: Antiemetics; Antineoplastic Agents; Cannabinoids; Humans; Nausea; Patient Satisfaction; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome; Vomiting
PubMed: 11440936
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.323.7303.16 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Sep 2022Preliminary data suggest that patients with COVID-19 may experience psychiatric symptoms, including psychosis. We systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Preliminary data suggest that patients with COVID-19 may experience psychiatric symptoms, including psychosis. We systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate the concurrence of new-onset psychosis or exacerbation of clinically stable psychosis through case reports and case series.
METHODS
Six databases were searched, followed by an electronic and manual search of the relevant articles. Studies were identified using predetermined eligibility criteria. We evaluated the demographic characteristics, clinical history, course of illness, management, and prognosis of the patients in these studies.
RESULTS
Case reports and case series, altogether consisting of 57 unique cases were included. The mean patient age for onset of psychotic symptoms was 43.4 years for men and 40.3 years for women. About 69% of patients had no prior history of psychiatric disorders. Most patients had mild COVID-19-related symptoms, with only 15 (26.3%) presenting with moderate to severe COVID-19-related disease and complications. The most commonly reported psychotic symptoms were delusions and hallucinations. Patients with psychotic symptoms were treated with antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, valproic acid, and electroconvulsive treatment. In 36 cases, psychotic symptoms resolved completely or improved significantly. Ten cases had partial improvement with residual psychotic symptoms, and one patient died due to cardiac arrest.
CONCLUSION
Most patients responded to a low-to-moderate dose of antipsychotics with a quick recovery. However, the residual psychiatric symptoms highlight the need for careful monitoring and longer follow-up. Clinicians should be mindful of the occurrence of psychosis due to COVID-19 infection in a subset of COVID-19 patients that can be misdiagnosed as a psychotic disorder alone.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; COVID-19; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 35797814
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.041 -
International Review of Psychiatry... Feb 2007The aim of this paper is to review the level of empirical evidence for four different formats and settings that are available for psychotherapy delivery, i.e., group... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The aim of this paper is to review the level of empirical evidence for four different formats and settings that are available for psychotherapy delivery, i.e., group psychotherapy, out-patient individual psychotherapy, day hospital psychotherapy, and in-patient psychotherapy. The focus is on studies which include a wide range of DSM-IV-TR Axis II personality disorders. The results show that various psychotherapeutic treatments have proven to be efficacious with respect to reducing symptomatology and personality pathology, and improving social functioning in patients with Cluster A, B, C, or not-otherwise-specified personality disorders. This is especially true for cognitive-behaviorally or psychodynamically oriented out-patient individual psychotherapies. However, some evidence indicates that this also applies to (1) long-term, psychodynamically oriented group psychotherapy, (2) short-term, psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy in a day hospital setting, and (3) various duration variants of psychodynamically oriented, in-patient psychotherapy programmes. The available evidence mostly applies to borderline, dependent, avoidant and not-otherwise-specified personality disorder, and perhaps also paranoid, obsessive-compulsive, and schizotypal personality disorder. It is unknown whether these conclusions also apply to schizoid, antisocial, narcissistic, and histrionic personality disorder.
Topics: Ambulatory Care; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Day Care, Medical; Humans; Length of Stay; Patient Admission; Personality Disorders; Psychoanalytic Therapy; Psychotherapy; Psychotherapy, Brief; Psychotherapy, Group; Social Adjustment; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 17365156
DOI: 10.1080/09540260601095399 -
Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria 2012Cocaine consumption can induce transient psychotic symptoms expressed as paranoia or hallucinations. This work reviews that evidence and tries to obtain data regarding... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Cocaine consumption can induce transient psychotic symptoms expressed as paranoia or hallucinations. This work reviews that evidence and tries to obtain data regarding frequency of psychotic symptoms or cocaine induced psychosis (CIP), risks or associated factors.
METHOD
Systematic review of studies found in PubMed database published until January 2011 where cocaine induced paranoia was present.
RESULTS
Cocaine induced paranoia has a particular clinical presentation. It needs to be clearly identified due to its harmful consequences. The prevalence is between 12% in clinical studies and 100% in experimental studies. The following are considered potential risk factors: age of first use and length, amount of substance, route of administration, body mass index, genetic factors, personal vulnerability and comorbidity with AXIS I (psychosis, ADHD) and AXIS II disorders (antisocial personality disorder).
CONCLUSIONS
It is needed to research with larger samples of cocaine users of different countries and contexts, in order to identify and detail what variables are closely related in the development of cocaine induced paranoia, so the population at risk can be treated earlier.
Topics: Cocaine-Related Disorders; Humans; Prevalence; Psychotic Disorders; Risk Factors
PubMed: 22851479
DOI: No ID Found -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Dec 2018Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) refer to a group of synthetic stimulants including amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) and related... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) refer to a group of synthetic stimulants including amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) and related substances. ATS are highly addictive and prolonged use may result in a series of mental and physical symptoms including anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mood disturbances, cognitive impairments, paranoia, hallucinations and delusion.Currently there is no widely accepted treatment for ATS-use disorder. However, cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT) is the first-choice treatment. The effectiveness of CBT for other substance-use disorders (e.g. alcohol-, opioid- and cocaine-use disorders) has been well documented and as such this basic treatment approach has been applied to the ATS-use disorder.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural treatment for people with ATS-use disorder for reducing ATS use compared to other types of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, 12-step facilitation, no intervention or treatment as usual.
SEARCH METHODS
We identified randomised controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-RCTs comparing CBT for ATS-use disorders with other types of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, 12 step facilitation or no intervention. We searched the Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase and five other databases up to July 2018. In addition, we examined reference lists of eligible studies and other systematic reviews. We contacted experts in the field.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Eligibility criteria consisted of RCTs and quasi-RCTs comparing CBT versus other types of interventions with adult ATS users (aged 18 years or older) diagnosed by any explicit diagnostic system. Primary outcomes included abstinence rate and other indicators of drug-using behaviours.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane.
MAIN RESULTS
Only two studies met the eligibility criteria. Both studies were at low risk of selection bias and reporting bias. In one study, almost half of participants in the intervention group dropped out and this study was at high risk of attrition bias. The studies compared a single session of brief CBT or a web-based CBT to a waiting-list control (total sample size across studies of 129). Results were mixed across the studies. For the single-session brief CBT study, two out of five measures of drug use produced significant results, percentage of abstinent days in 90 days (odds ratio (OR) 0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02 to 2.11) and dependence symptoms (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.59, 95% CI -1.16 to -0.02). Little confidence could be placed in the results from this study give the small sample size (25 participants per group) and corresponding large CIs around the observed effects. For the web-based CBT, there was no significant difference across different outcomes. Neither study reported adverse effects. The meta-analytic mean across these two trials for drug use was not significant (SMD -0.28, 95% CI -0.69 to 0.14). In summary, overall quality of evidence was low and there was insufficient evidence to conclude that CBT is effective, or ineffective, at treating ATS use.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Currently, there is not enough evidence to establish the efficacy of CBT for ATS-use disorders because of a paucity of high-quality research in this area.
Topics: Adult; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Amphetamines; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Patient Dropouts; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sample Size; Waiting Lists
PubMed: 30577083
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011315.pub2 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... 2015To identify, by means of a systematic review, the frequency with which comorbid personality disorders (PDs) have been assessed in studies of euthymic bipolar patients. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify, by means of a systematic review, the frequency with which comorbid personality disorders (PDs) have been assessed in studies of euthymic bipolar patients.
METHODS
PubMed, ciELO and PsychINFO databases were searched for eligible articles published between 1997 and 2013. After screening 1,249 empirical papers, two independent reviewers identified three articles evaluating the frequency of PDs in patients with bipolar disorders assessed in a state of euthymia.
RESULTS
The total sample comprised 376 euthymic bipolar patients, of whom 155 (41.2%) had at least one comorbid PD. Among them, we found 87 (23.1%) in cluster B, 55 (14.6%) in cluster C, and 25 (6.6%) in cluster A. The frequencies of PD subtypes were: borderline, 38 (10.1%); histrionic, 29 (7.7%); obsessive-compulsive, 28 (7.4%); dependent, 19 (5%); narcissistic, 17 (4.5%); schizoid, schizotypal, and avoidant, 11 patients each (2.95%); paranoid, five (1.3%); and antisocial, three (0.79%).
CONCLUSION
The frequency of comorbid PD was high across the spectrum of euthymic bipolar patients. In this population, the most common PDs were those in cluster B, and the most frequent PD subtype was borderline, followed by histrionic and obsessive-compulsive.
Topics: Comorbidity; Humans; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 25946399
DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1459 -
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and... Mar 2016Suicide prevention is a health service priority. Some surveys have assessed suicidal behaviors and potential risk factors. (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Suicide prevention is a health service priority. Some surveys have assessed suicidal behaviors and potential risk factors.
OBJECTIVES
The current paper aimed to gather information about etiology of suicide attempts in Iran.
DATA SOURCES
Pubmed, ISI web of science, PsychInfo, IranPsych, IranMedex, IranDoc as well as gray literature were searched.
STUDY SELECTION
By electronic and gray literature search, 128 articles were enrolled in this paper. Pubmed, ISI web of science, PsychInfo, IranPsych, IranMedex, IranDoc were searched for electronic search. After reading the abstracts, 84 studies were excluded and full texts of 44 articles were reviewed critically.
DATA EXTRACTION
Pubmed, ISI web of science, PsychInfo, IranPsych, IranMedex, IranDoc as well as gray literature were searched to find any study about etiologic factors of suicide attempt in Iran.
RESULTS
Depressive disorder was the most common diagnosis in suicide attempters that is 45% of the evaluated cases had depression. One study that had used Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) found that Histrionics in females and Schizophrenia and Paranoia in males were significantly influential. Family conflicts with 50.7% and conflict with parents with 44% were two effective psychosocial factors in suicidal attempts. In around one fourth (28.7%) of the cases, conflict with spouse was the main etiologic factor.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the methodological limitations, outcomes should be generalized cautiously. Further studies will help to plan preventive strategies for suicidal attempts; therefore, continued researches should be conducted to fill the data gaps.
PubMed: 27284284
DOI: 10.17795/ijpbs-948