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The Journal of Headache and Pain Oct 2020Migraine and sleep disorders are common and often burdensome chronic conditions with a high prevalence in the general population, and with considerable socio-economic...
Migraine and sleep disorders are common and often burdensome chronic conditions with a high prevalence in the general population, and with considerable socio-economic impact and costs.The existence of a relationship between migraine and sleep disorders has been recognized from centuries by clinicians and epidemiological studies. Nevertheless, the exact nature of this association, the underlying mechanisms and interactions are complex and not completely understood. Recent biochemical and functional imaging studies identified central nervous system structures and neurotransmitters involved in the pathophysiology of migraine and also important for the regulation of normal sleep architecture, suggesting a possible causative role, in the pathogenesis of both disorders, of a dysregulation in these common nervous system pathways.This systematic review summarizes the existing data on migraine and sleep disorders with the aim to evaluate the existence of a causal relationship and to assess the presence of influencing factors. The identification of specific sleep disorders associated with migraine should induce clinicians to systematically assess their presence in migraine patients and to adopt combined treatment strategies.
Topics: Humans; Migraine Disorders; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 33109076
DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-01192-5 -
Associations between sleep bruxism and other sleep-related disorders in adults: a systematic review.Sleep Medicine Jan 2022Systematic reviews on sleep bruxism (SB) as a comorbid condition of other sleep-related disorders are lacking. Such reviews would contribute to the insight of sleep... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Systematic reviews on sleep bruxism (SB) as a comorbid condition of other sleep-related disorders are lacking. Such reviews would contribute to the insight of sleep clinicians into the occurrence of SB in patients with other sleep-related disorders, and into the underlying mechanisms of such comorbid associations. This systematic review aimed: 1. to determine the prevalence of SB in adults with other sleep-related disorders; and 2. to determine the associations between SB and other sleep-related disorders, and to explain the underlying mechanisms of these associations.
METHODS
A systematic search on SB and sleep-related disorders was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify eligible studies published until May 15, 2020. Quality assessment was performed using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies.
RESULTS
Of the 1539 unique retrieved studies, 37 articles were included in this systematic review. The prevalence of SB in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, periodic limb movement during sleep, sleep-related gastroesophageal reflux disease, REM behavior disorder (RBD), and sleep-related epilepsy was higher than that in the general population. The specific mechanisms behind these positive associations could not be identified.
CONCLUSIONS
SB is more prevalent in patients with the previously mentioned disorders than in the general population. Sleep arousal may be a common factor with which all the identified disorders are associated, except RBD and Parkinson's disease. The associations between SB and these identified sleep-related disorders call for more SB screening in patients with the abovementioned sleep-related disorders.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Restless Legs Syndrome; Sleep; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Sleep Bruxism; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 34879286
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.11.008 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022This review investigates the association between vitamin D and sleep disorders. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient known to play an important role in the growth and bone... (Review)
Review
This review investigates the association between vitamin D and sleep disorders. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient known to play an important role in the growth and bone health of the human body, but it also appears to play a role in sleep. The goal of our review is to examine the association between vitamin D and sleep disorders in children and adolescents. We summarize the evidence about the role and the mechanism of action of vitamin D in children and adolescents with sleep disorders such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), restless legs syndrome (RLS), and other sleep disorders. Systematic electronic database searches were conducted using Pubmed and Cochrane Library. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. The studies that met the established inclusion criteria were analyzed and compared. Results suggest a strict relationship between vitamin D deficiency in children and sleep disorders. There is evidence that vitamin D is implicated in the different neurochemical mechanisms involved in sleep regulation and mainly in the serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways. This might be responsible for the association of vitamin D deficiency and restless sleep, sleep hyperhidrosis, OSA, and RLS.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Dopamine; Female; Humans; Male; Serotonin; Sleep Wake Disorders; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 35163353
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031430 -
Cranio : the Journal of... Jan 2021: Treatment of sleep bruxism (SB) in children is not well established. The aim of this study was to develop evidence-based recommendations on SB therapy in children... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
: Treatment of sleep bruxism (SB) in children is not well established. The aim of this study was to develop evidence-based recommendations on SB therapy in children between the ages of 2 and 17. : A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Literature searches were performed using MedLine (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (November 30 2017). : The search strategy identified 268 potential articles; 10 papers were included in the qualitative synthesis and 3 in the meta-analysis, for a total of 94 patients. Hydroxyzine therapy showed the strongest efficacy on SB (OR 10.63; CI 95%, 1.48 to 76.08). Flurazepam and Melissa officinalis therapies presented lower grades of association with decreased SB symptoms. : Data on treatments of SB in children are limited. Future studies with a proper design, conducted on a meaningful number of patients, and based on standardized and developed diagnostic criteria are desperately needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Bruxism; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Sleep Bruxism
PubMed: 30806589
DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1581470 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2021Sleep disorders, especially insomnia, are very common in different kinds of cancers, but their prevalence and incidence are not well-known. Disturbed sleep in cancer is... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Sleep disorders, especially insomnia, are very common in different kinds of cancers, but their prevalence and incidence are not well-known. Disturbed sleep in cancer is caused by different reasons and usually appears as a comorbid disorder to different somatic and psychiatric diagnoses, psychological disturbances and treatment methods. There can be many different predictors for sleep disturbances in these vulnerable groups, such as pre-existing sleep disorders, caused by the mental status in cancer or as side effect of the cancer treatment.
METHODS
A systematic literature review of 8073 studies was conducted on the topic of sleep and sleep disorders in cancer patients. The articles were identified though PubMed, PsycInfo and Web of Knowledge, and a total number of 89 publications were qualified for analysis.
RESULTS
The identified eighty-nine studies were analyzed on the topic of sleep and sleep disorders in cancer, twenty-six studies on sleep and fatigue in cancer and sixty-one studies on the topic of sleep disorders in cancer. The prevalence of sleep disturbences and/or sleep disorders in cancer was up to 95%.
DISCUSSION
Sleep disturbances and sleep disorders (such as insomnia, OSAS, narcolepsy and RLS; REM-SBD) in cancer patients can be associated with different conditions. Side effects of cancer treatment and cancer-related psychological dysfunctions can be instigated by sleep disturbances and sleep disorders in these patients, especially insomnia and OSAS are common. An evidence-based treatment is necessary for concomitant mental and/or physical states.
Topics: Humans; Narcolepsy; Neoplasms; Restless Legs Syndrome; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 34770209
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111696 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Apr 2018Restless legs syndrome is commonly co-morbid with medical conditions that are treated with antidepressant medications, such as depression, anxiety, fibromyalgia, and... (Review)
Review
Restless legs syndrome is commonly co-morbid with medical conditions that are treated with antidepressant medications, such as depression, anxiety, fibromyalgia, and chronic insomnia disorder. Evidence from case reports and cross-sectional studies suggests that antidepressants may induce or worsen restless legs syndrome and increase periodic limb movements. We undertook a systematic review of the literature to identify and collate all prospective studies that measured restless legs syndrome symptoms and/or periodic limb movements following the introduction of an antidepressant. Eighteen studies were eligible for inclusion. Current data indicate that onset or exacerbation of restless legs syndrome and rise in frequency of periodic limb movements are uncommon following the initiation of an antidepressant. Among the various antidepressants, mirtazapine may be associated with higher rates of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements. One small study of normal volunteers suggested that venlafaxine may be associated with an increase in restless legs syndrome symptoms and periodic limb movements. Sertraline, fluoxetine, and amitriptyline appear to increase periodic limb movements that do not disrupt sleep and are thus unlikely to be clinically significant. On the other hand, bupropion may reduce restless legs syndrome symptoms, at least in the short term. Sedating antidepressants such as trazodone, nefazodone, and doxepin do not seem to aggravate periodic limb movements. The current evidence is limited by poor study design, inadequate use of standardized questionnaires, and heterogeneous populations studied for variable lengths of time. Future research should attempt to remedy these shortcomings.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Prospective Studies; Restless Legs Syndrome; Sleep
PubMed: 28822709
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.002 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Apr 2018Sleep paralysis is a relatively common but under-researched phenomenon. While the causes are unknown, a number of studies have investigated potential risk factors. In... (Review)
Review
Sleep paralysis is a relatively common but under-researched phenomenon. While the causes are unknown, a number of studies have investigated potential risk factors. In this article, we conducted a systematic review on the available literature regarding variables associated with both the frequency and intensity of sleep paralysis episodes. A total of 42 studies met the inclusion criteria. For each study, sample size, study site, sex and age of participants, sleep paralysis measure, and results of analyses looking at the relationship(s) between sleep paralysis and associated variable(s) were extracted. A large number of variables were associated with sleep paralysis and a number of themes emerged. These were: substance use, stress and trauma, genetic influences, physical illness, personality, intelligence, anomalous beliefs, sleep problems and disorders (both in terms of subjective sleep quality and objective sleep disruption), symptoms of psychiatric illness in non-clinical samples (particularly anxiety symptoms), and psychiatric disorders. Sleep paralysis appears to be particularly prevalent in post-traumatic stress disorder, and to a less degree, panic disorder. Limitations of the current literature, directions for future research, and implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Sleep Paralysis; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Stress, Psychological; Substance-Related Disorders; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 28735779
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.05.005 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Dec 2019Magnesium supplementation is often suggested for restless legs syndrome (RLS) or period limb movement disorder (PLMD) based on anecdotal evidence that it relieves...
Magnesium supplementation is often suggested for restless legs syndrome (RLS) or period limb movement disorder (PLMD) based on anecdotal evidence that it relieves symptoms and because it is also commonly recommended for leg cramps. We aimed to review all articles reporting the effects of magnesium supplementation on changes in RLS and/or PLMD. We conducted a systematic search looking for all relevant articles and then two reviewers read all article titles and abstracts to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies were scored for their quality as interventional trials. We found 855 abstracts and 16 of these could not be definitively excluded for not addressing all aspects of our research question. Seven full-text articles were unlocatable and one was ineligible which left eight studies with relevant data. One was a randomised placebo-controlled trial, three were case series and four were case studies. The RCT did not find a significant treatment effect of magnesium but may have been underpowered. After quality appraisal and synthesis of the evidence we were unable to make a conclusion as to the effectiveness of magnesium for RLS/PLMD. It is not clear whether magnesium helps relieve RLS or PLMD or in which patient groups any benefit might be seen.
Topics: Dietary Supplements; Humans; Magnesium; Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome; Polysomnography; Restless Legs Syndrome
PubMed: 31678660
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101218 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Apr 2021This systematic review assessed the prevalence of restless sleep in children, documented the association of restless sleep with other conditions, and summarized the... (Review)
Review
This systematic review assessed the prevalence of restless sleep in children, documented the association of restless sleep with other conditions, and summarized the existing evidence regarding whether restless sleep should be considered a distinct sleep disorder. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was performed using the broad search term "restless sleep" in all fields. Of the 266 articles retrieved, 107 were retained for inclusion in this review. The majority (n = 93) were observational studies. The studies were grouped under several pathologic/condition categories: sleep-disordered breathing (n = 19); adenotonsillectomy (n = 7); respiratory disorders, otitis media, and smoke exposure (n = 12); sleep-related movement disorders and restless sleep disorder (n = 11); neurologic or psychiatric disorders (n = 7); Down syndrome/other neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 10); sleep-related bruxism and other sleep disorders (n = 7); and restless sleep in the general population/mixed clinical samples (n = 18). A high prevalence of restless sleep was found in children with many of these underlying conditions, likely related to associated inherent sleep disruption and frequent awakenings (e.g., apnea and periodic limb movements), pain, sleep instability, and caregiver perception. The majority of studies identified restless sleep as reported by the caregiver, only 34 studies attempted to define restless sleep further. Four studies provided supportive evidence for designating restless sleep as an independent sleep disorder, restless sleep disorder (RSD). This review highlights the fact that the prevalence, etiology and sequelae (including daytime impairments) of restless sleep in children are important topics deserving of further research and that clinical definitions based on empirical evidence need to be developed. The designation of "primary" versus "secondary" restless sleep may be a useful construct, especially with regard to developing clinical trials and treatment algorithms.
Topics: Child; Humans; Parasomnias; Restless Legs Syndrome; Sleep; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 33341437
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101406 -
Journal of Manipulative and... Jun 2018The aim of this literature review was to examine the effect of physical therapy in bruxism treatment. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this literature review was to examine the effect of physical therapy in bruxism treatment.
METHODS
The data sources used were Medline, Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, SPORTDiscus, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. We included randomized and nonrandomized and controlled and noncontrolled clinical trials and interventions focused on physical therapy as treatment for sleep bruxism or awake bruxism. Two reviewers independently screened the records, examined full-text reports for compliance with the eligibility criteria, and extracted data.
RESULTS
The present review found 1296 articles. We excluded 766 duplicated articles and 461 irrelevant articles and selected 69 titles to read. Forty-five of these were excluded, leading to a total of 24 that met the eligibility criteria and were included in our analysis. The articles were grouped into 7 treatment methods used in physical therapy. The treatment methods were electrotherapeutic (14 articles), cognitive-behavioral therapy (3 articles), therapeutic exercises (2 articles), acupuncture (2 articles), postural awareness (1 article), muscular relaxation (1 article), and massage (1 article). Results and conclusions, methodological quality, and quality of evidence of each study were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest very low-quality evidence that diverse methods used in physical therapy improve muscle pain and activity, mouth opening, oral health, anxiety, stress, depression, temporomandibular disorder, and head posture in individuals with bruxism. This finding is mainly a result of the poor methodological quality of most of the studies.
Topics: Bruxism; Humans; Massage; Muscle Stretching Exercises; Sleep Bruxism; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30041736
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2017.10.014