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Journal of Surgical Education 2017To examine and report on evidence relating to surgical trainees' voluntary participation in simulation-based laparoscopic skills training. Specifically, the underlying... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To examine and report on evidence relating to surgical trainees' voluntary participation in simulation-based laparoscopic skills training. Specifically, the underlying motivators, enablers, and barriers faced by surgical trainees with regard to attending training sessions on a regular basis.
DESIGN
A systematic search of the literature (PubMed; CINAHL; EMBASE; Cochrane Collaboration) was conducted between May and July 2015. Studies were included on whether they reported on surgical trainee attendance at voluntary, simulation-based laparoscopic skills training sessions, in addition to qualitative data regarding participant's perceived barriers and motivators influencing their decision to attend such training. Factors affecting a trainee's motivation were categorized as either intrinsic (internal) or extrinsic (external).
RESULTS
Two randomised control trials and 7 case series' met our inclusion criteria. Included studies were small and generally poor quality. Overall, voluntary simulation-based laparoscopic skills training was not well attended. Intrinsic motivators included clearly defined personal performance goals and relevance to clinical practice. Extrinsic motivators included clinical responsibilities and available free time, simulator location close to clinical training, and setting obligatory assessments or mandated training sessions. The effect of each of these factors was variable, and largely dependent on the individual trainee. The greatest reported barrier to attending voluntary training was the lack of available free time.
CONCLUSION
Although data quality is limited, it can be seen that providing unrestricted access to simulator equipment is not effective in motivating surgical trainees to voluntarily participate in simulation-based laparoscopic skills training. To successfully encourage participation, consideration needs to be given to the factors influencing motivation to attend training. Further research, including better designed randomised control trials and large-scale surveys, is required to provide more definitive answers to the degree in which various incentives influence trainees' motivations and actual attendance rates.
Topics: Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Clinical Competence; Cohort Studies; Education, Medical, Graduate; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Internship and Residency; Laparoscopy; Male; Motivation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Simulation Training; Surgeons
PubMed: 27836238
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2016.10.007 -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Sep 2023This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the available qualitative literature on posttreatment participation in exercise rehabilitation among breast cancer survivors. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the available qualitative literature on posttreatment participation in exercise rehabilitation among breast cancer survivors.
METHODS
This systematic review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) meta-aggregation approach guided by ENTREQ, graded according to the ConQual approach, and evaluated using the JBI Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-QARI). We searched qualitative or mixed methods studies related to the experiences of exercise rehabilitation among breast cancer survivors conducted until April 13, 2023, in nine English and Chinese databases. The selected studies were reviewed independently, and the data were collaboratively synthesized into core themes.
RESULTS
A total of 24 studies were included, and 88 findings resulted in five synthesis findings: (a) benefits of participating in exercise rehabilitation, (b) facilitators of participation in exercise rehabilitation, (c) obstacle factors for participating in exercise rehabilitation, (d) evaluation of the exercise program, and (e) recommendations.
CONCLUSION
Breast cancer survivors need exercise to recover physically and mentally and to transition from cancer treatment to a normal life. The factors affecting exercise participation in breast cancer survivors are complex. Breast cancer survivors require timely and continuous effective exercise intervention forms, including online, offline, instrumental, and emotional support from others, especially healthcare providers and family members. Moreover, multidisciplinary collaboration is required to develop more effective and convenient exercise interventions.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Cancer Survivors; Breast; Survivors; Exercise Therapy
PubMed: 37682356
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08029-2 -
Prosthetics and Orthotics International Aug 2023Sports and recreational activities offer physical and psychological benefits to children with limb absence. Understanding what facilitators and barriers exist for the...
Sports and recreational activities offer physical and psychological benefits to children with limb absence. Understanding what facilitators and barriers exist for the participation in sports and physical activity is vital to aid stakeholders to continue enabling facilitators and develop means to tackle existing barriers so that all children with lower-limb absence can participate in sport and physical activity as they wish. The aim of this systematic review was to identify facilitators and barriers that children with lower-limb absence experience when wanting to participate in sports and physical activity. Systematic review. Five databases were used to identify the literature relating to facilitators and barriers to sports and physical activity for children with lower-limb absence. These were Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL. Google scholar was used as a secondary source. The review followed the "Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis" guidelines. The review identified 10 articles for inclusion that met predefined inclusion criteria. The identified peer-review articles date from 1999 to 2021. The number of published articles steadily increases up to 2010 and then increase rapidly from 2016 to 2021. The results show although there are facilitators for sports participation for children with limb absence, there are many barriers which continue to hinder many children from participating in sports and physical activity. Facilitators that exist include advancements in prosthetic design and technology, increased opportunities, and physical and social benefits. Barriers that were reported include prosthesis failure, stigma, and high costs.
Topics: Child; Humans; Exercise; Lower Extremity; Sports
PubMed: 37327347
DOI: 10.1097/PXR.0000000000000241 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jan 2023The effects of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) supplementation on skeletal muscle are currently unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The effects of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) supplementation on skeletal muscle are currently unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize all available evidence regarding the influence of n-3PUFA supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and function in healthy young and older adults. Four databases were searched (Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and SportDiscus). Predefined eligibility criteria were determined according to Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, and Study Design. Only peer-reviewed studies were included. The Cochrane RoB2 Tool and the NutriGrade approach were used to access risk of bias and certainty in evidence. Effect sizes were calculated using pre-post scores and analyzed using a three-level, random-effects meta-analysis. When sufficient studies were available, subanalyses were performed in the muscle mass, strength, and function outcomes according to participant's age (<60 or ≥60 years), supplementation dosage (<2 or ≥2 g/day), and training intervention ("resistance training" vs. "none or other"). Overall, 14 individual studies were included, total 1443 participants (913 females; 520 males) and 52 outcomes measures. Studies had high overall risk of bias and consideration of all NutriGrade elements resulted in a certainty assessment of moderate meta-evidence for all outcomes. n-3PUFA supplementation had no significant effect on muscle mass (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.07 [95% CI: -0.02, 0.17], P = 0.11) and muscle function (SMD = 0.03 [95% CI: -0.09, 0.15], P = 0.58), but it showed a very small albeit significant positive effect on muscle strength (SMD = 0.12 [95% CI: 0.006, 0.24], P = 0.04) in participants when compared with placebo. Subgroup analyses showed that age, supplementation dose, or cosupplementation alongside resistance training did not influence these responses. In conclusion, our analyses indicated that n-3PUFA supplementation may lead to very small increases in muscle strength but did not impact muscle mass and function in healthy young and older adults. To our knowledge, this is the first review and meta-analysis investigating whether n-3PUFA supplementation can lead to increases in muscle strength, mass, and function in healthy adults. Registered protocol: doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2FWQT.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Aged; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Muscle Strength; Health Status; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 36811583
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.11.005 -
Patient Education and Counseling Jun 2012To systematically review the state of knowledge regarding the understanding and experience of psychological burden and risk of children and adolescents who participate... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the state of knowledge regarding the understanding and experience of psychological burden and risk of children and adolescents who participate in medical research. Further to provide recommendations to maximize understanding and minimize the burden and risk.
METHODS
Studies were selected that focus on children and adolescents as source of information via PubMed and PsycINFO; search terms were medical research or trial or experiment, child or adolescent, non-therapeutic, therapeutic, psychology, consent or understanding, risk, burden or stress.
RESULTS
Of 413 abstracts identified, ten studies on understanding and eight on the experience of burden and risk met our selection criteria. Overall, understanding of the study purpose was reasonable, but low for the procedure. Understanding increased with age and appeared to be overestimated by the young participants. Research on experience of burden was scarce, but identified invasive procedures and procedures related to sexual development as the most burdensome. Only one study assessed psychological risks.
CONCLUSION
Systematic evidence should be collected on the various aspects of medical procedures related to the experienced burden and risk. This will be useful in informing children and adolescents, parents and medical ethical committees.
Topics: Adolescent; Biomedical Research; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Comprehension; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Human Experimentation; Humans; Infant; Male; Patient Selection; Psychology, Adolescent; Psychology, Child; Risk
PubMed: 22018733
DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.09.006 -
Worldviews on Evidence-based Nursing Jun 2017The past 20 years have seen distinct shifts in the way the participation of children and adolescents in research is viewed. This has been emphasized by the growing... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The past 20 years have seen distinct shifts in the way the participation of children and adolescents in research is viewed. This has been emphasized by the growing pediatric research enterprise. Additional information on children's and adolescents' experiences during research participation is needed to better inform researchers on the ethical conduct of research with this vulnerable population.
AIMS
The objective of this analysis was to examine ethical issues in research with children and adolescents from their perspective as participants, including: assent, parental consent, risk perception, impact of research participation, and incentives.
METHODS
This systematic review was conducted per the Long, Godfrey, Randall, Brettle, and Grant framework by means of an iterative searching process. Using the key words "research ethics" and "child or pediatric or adolescent," PubMed, CINAHL, and EBSCOhost databases were searched to identify articles. Limitations placed on the searches were: English language, year of publication between 2003 and 2014, humans, abstract available, and age birth-18 years.
FINDINGS
Twenty-three empiric studies were identified and formed the sample. Included studies represented a diverse range of areas of research, methods, settings, sample demographics, authors, and journals.
LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION
Even young children demonstrated the ability to understand essential elements of research, although there is variability in children's level of understanding. Trust was a significant contributing factor to children's and adolescents' participation in research, and also shaped their assessments of risk. Research participation was mainly beneficial for children and adolescents. Incentives were mainly viewed positively, although concerns of possible undue influence were expressed.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Ethics, Research; Humans; Perception; Research Subjects; Trust
PubMed: 28207982
DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12209 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023The impact of social movements (SMs) and collective behavior (CB) supports the relevance of approaching this phenomenon from social psychology. Several systematic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The impact of social movements (SMs) and collective behavior (CB) supports the relevance of approaching this phenomenon from social psychology. Several systematic reviews (10) and meta-analyses (6) have been carried out in the 21st century, but there is a lack of integration.
AIM
This study seeks to review the patterns of CB and corroborate the psychosocial factors that explain participation in CB and SMs, as well as the long-term psychological effects of participating in them.
METHOD
A systematic search was carried out in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Willey Online Library, EBSCO, and JSTOR for articles dated between 1969 and 2022. We searched for meta-analyses and systematic reviews that empirically evaluated social movements and collective behavior. Of the 494 initial records, after scanning and eligibility phases, 16 meta-analyses and systematic reviews were analyzed in the present work.
RESULTS
The evidence reviewed shows that participation in collective gatherings and CB are common. A cross-cultural survey suggests that collective gatherings are mostly of a leisure type, to a lesser extent religious and sporting, and to an even lesser extent, demonstrations and large religious rites. World Value surveys found that one to three persons out of 10 participate in protests or CB related to SMs and four out of 10 movements achieved some kind of success. Studies challenged that CBs were characterized by unanimity of beliefs, identification and behavior, generalized excitement, as well as mass panic and riot after catastrophes. Only two out of 10 CB are violent. Meta-analysis and systematic reviews confirm that participation in CB and SMs was associated with (a) intergroup conflict and realistic threat ( = 0.30); (b) positive attitudes, expectations, or agreement with goals or collective motive ( = 0.44); (c) cognitive fraternal relative deprivation ( = 0.25); (d) collective efficacy ( = 0.36); (e) collective identity ( = 0.34); (f) emotions and affective relative deprivation ( = 0.35); (g) moral conviction and threat to moral ( = 0.29); and (h) disagreement with system justification belief ( = -0.26). Participation in successful CB and SMs provokes positive changes in emotions, social identity and social relationships, values and beliefs, and empowerment, as well as negative effects such as depression, stress, burnout, and disempowerment related to the failures of SMs.
CONCLUSION
Studies confirm the importance of explanatory factors for SMs, with data from various cultural regions. There is a lack of systematic studies of CB as well as meta-analyses and more culturally diverse studies of the effects of participation in them.
PubMed: 37151317
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1096877 -
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy Sep 2022Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a relapse-prevention intervention for people experiencing major depression. Three qualitative meta-syntheses investigating... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a relapse-prevention intervention for people experiencing major depression. Three qualitative meta-syntheses investigating experiences of taking part in MBCT and/or Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) across different diagnostic populations reported themes including control, choice, group processes, relationships and struggles. As multiple studies have been published since, we aimed to update, systematically review and synthesize the experiences of participants with depression taking part in MBCT.
METHODS
Four databases were searched systematically (PsycInfo, Web of Science, Medline and CINAHL) up to and including 12 November 2021. Twenty-one qualitative studies met the review criteria. All papers were rated as fair using a quality appraisal tool. Meta-ethnography was applied.
RESULTS
Across 21 studies of participants with current or previous depression who had participated in MBCT, three overarching themes were developed: 'Becoming skilled and taking action', 'Acceptance' and 'Ambivalence and Variability'. Participants became skilled through engagement in mindfulness practices, reporting increased awareness, perspective and agency over their experiences. Participants developed acceptance towards their experiences, self and others. There was variability and ambivalence regarding participants' expectations and difficulties within mindfulness practices.
LIMITATIONS
Many studies were conducted in MBCT-research centres that may hold conflicts of interest. Many studies did not address the impact of the participant-researcher relationship thus potentially affecting their interpretations. Studies were skewed towards the experiences of female participants.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings help to enhance participant confidence in MBCT, alongside understanding the processes of change and the potential for difficulties. MBCT is beneficial and provides meaningful change for many but remains challenging for some.
Topics: Humans; Female; Mindfulness; Depressive Disorder, Major; Depression; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Anthropology, Cultural; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35912665
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2773 -
Journal of Aging and Physical Activity Apr 2017Regular participation in resistance training is important for older people to maintain their health and independence, yet participation rates are low. The study aimed to... (Review)
Review
Regular participation in resistance training is important for older people to maintain their health and independence, yet participation rates are low. The study aimed to identify motivators and barriers to older people participating in resistance training. A systematic review was conducted including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies. Searches generated 15,920 citations from six databases, with 14 studies (n = 1,937 participants) included. In total, 92 motivators and 24 barriers were identified. Motivators specific to participating in resistance training included preventing deterioration (disability), reducing risk of falls, building (toning) muscles, feeling more alert, and better concentration. Looking too muscular and thinking participation increased the risk of having a heart attack, stroke, or death, despite the minimal likelihood of these occurring, were barriers. The analysis indicates that increasing participation in resistance training among older people should focus on the specific benefits valued by older people and the dissemination of accurate information to counter misperceptions.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Motivation; Resistance Training
PubMed: 27620535
DOI: 10.1123/japa.2015-0289 -
Journal of Medical Ethics Jun 2014Emergency departments are challenging research settings, where truly informed consent can be difficult to obtain. A deeper understanding of emergency medical patients'... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Emergency departments are challenging research settings, where truly informed consent can be difficult to obtain. A deeper understanding of emergency medical patients' opinions about research is needed. We conducted a systematic review and meta-summary of quantitative and qualitative studies on which values, attitudes, or beliefs of emergent medical research participants influence research participation. We included studies of adults that investigated opinions toward emergency medicine research participation. We excluded studies focused on the association between demographics or consent document features and participation and those focused on non-emergency research. In August 2011, we searched the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scirus, PsycINFO, AgeLine and Global Health. Titles, abstracts and then full manuscripts were independently evaluated by two reviewers. Disagreements were resolved by consensus and adjudicated by a third author. Studies were evaluated for bias using standardised scores. We report themes associated with participation or refusal. Our initial search produced over 1800 articles. A total of 44 articles were extracted for full-manuscript analysis, and 14 were retained based on our eligibility criteria. Among factors favouring participation, altruism and personal health benefit had the highest frequency. Mistrust of researchers, feeling like a 'guinea pig' and risk were leading factors favouring refusal. Many studies noted limitations of informed consent processes in emergent conditions. We conclude that highlighting the benefits to the participant and society, mitigating risk and increasing public trust may increase research participation in emergency medical research. New methods for conducting informed consent in such studies are needed.
Topics: Adult; Altruism; Clinical Trials as Topic; Emergency Medicine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Informed Consent; Public Opinion; Research Subjects; Risk; Trust
PubMed: 23665997
DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2012-101147