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Transboundary and Emerging Diseases Sep 2022Human bocaviruses (HBoVs) are recently described as human emergent viruses, especially in young children. In this study, we undertook a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Human bocaviruses (HBoVs) are recently described as human emergent viruses, especially in young children. In this study, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate their prevalence in Europe. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were systematically screened for clinical studies, up to October 2020. Study eligibility criteria were primary full-text articles from clinical studies, conducted using valid screening test methods and published in peer-reviewed journals, in English or Spanish and from European countries. The overall pooled prevalence, prevalence by country as well as the prevalence of HBoV as a single or co-pathogen were estimated using a random-effects model. Sub-group and meta-regression analyses explored potential sources of heterogeneity in the data. A total of 35 studies involving 32,656 subjects from 16 European countries met the inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity (I = 97.0%, p < .01) was seen among studies; HBoV prevalence varied from 2.0 to 45.69% with a pooled estimate of 9.57% (95%CI 7.66-11.91%). The HBoV prevalence both as a single infection (3.99%; 95%CI 2.99-5.31%) or as co-infection with other viruses (5.06%; 95%CI 3.88-6.58%) was also analysed. On a geographic level, prevalence by country did not show statistical differences, ranging from 3.24% (Greece) to 21.05% (Denmark). An odds ratio analysis was also included in order to evaluate the relevance of the variable 'age' as a risk factor of HBoV infection in children <5 years old. The OR value of 1.77 (95%CI 1.13-2.77; p < .01) indicated that being <5 years old is a risk factor for HBoV infection. This study showed that HBoV has a moderate prevalence among European countries.
Topics: Animals; Human bocavirus; Humans; Parvoviridae Infections; Prevalence; Respiratory Tract Infections; Viruses
PubMed: 34250765
DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14233 -
Revista Alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco,... May 2022The clinical presentation, disease course, and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatrics differ from the presentation in adults. In a review by Hoang et al., the... (Review)
Review
The clinical presentation, disease course, and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatrics differ from the presentation in adults. In a review by Hoang et al., the prevalence of dermatological manifestations was estimated in 0.25% of a total of 2,445 children with confirmed COVID-19. Similarly, the prevalence of skin manifestations was reported in 3% of 100 children in the Parri's study. A systematic review by Shah et al. analyzed 13 studies with 149 children who met eligibility criteria. The acral erythematous maculopapular lesion was the most common, as well as erythema multiforme, varicella rash, and presentations similar to Kawasaki disease. The duration of the skin lesion was one to two weeks in 43%. Skin biopsy of 18 cases complete superficial and deep perivascular and paracrine lymphocytic infiltrate and lymphocytic vasculitis were reported. RT-PCR was positive in 13.8 % of the cases. The serological markers of herpes simplex virus and parvovirus B19 analyzed were negative, except for Mycoplasma pneumoniae in two of 20 cases. The pathophysiological mechanism of skin lesions secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection has not yet been explained; likely to be a combination of one or more complex mechanisms, direct skin damages induced by the virus, vasculitis-like reactions either indirect or secondary injuries as a consequence of a systemic inflammatory reaction. Publications from years 2019 to 2021 are reviewed in PubMed as the main search source, using key words.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Skin; Skin Diseases; Inflammation; Vasculitis
PubMed: 36927747
DOI: 10.29262/ram.v69i1.1000 -
Asian Journal of Transfusion Science 2021Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is one of the blood-borne viruses. The virus can be transmitted to susceptible individuals by blood or blood products. The virus is not... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is one of the blood-borne viruses. The virus can be transmitted to susceptible individuals by blood or blood products. The virus is not associated with significant disease in general population, while people with underlying problems such as immunodeficiency can cause anemia and arthritis. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the overall prevalence of B19V DNA, anti-B19V IgG, and anti-B19V IgM antibodies in blood donors worldwide.
METHODS
A systematic search was carried out in online databases for relevant studies from inception until March 30, 2019. Study selection was performed based on predesigned eligibility criteria. The proportion of B19V DNA, anti-B19V IgG, and anti-B19V IgM antibodies were pooled using the inverse variance method. All statistical analyses were performed using the R version 3.5.3, package "meta."
RESULTS
According to the random-effects model, the pool prevalence of B19V DNA, anti-B19V IgM, and anti-B19V IgG among blood donors was calculated to be 0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] =0.3%-0.6%), 2.2% (95% CI = 1.3%-3.7%), and 50.1% (95% CI = 43.1%-57.1%), respectively.
CONCLUSION
For the transmission of B19V through blood, the presence of the virus genome is required, and the present study showed that the prevalence of the virus genome in blood donors is <1%. Therefore, there is no need to screen donated blood for B19V infection.
PubMed: 34908757
DOI: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_185_20 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2021A significant number of studies invoked diabetes as a risk factor for virus infections, but the issue remains controversial. We aimed to examine whether non-autoimmune... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A significant number of studies invoked diabetes as a risk factor for virus infections, but the issue remains controversial. We aimed to examine whether non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus enhances the risk of virus infections compared with the risk in healthy individuals without non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed case-control and cohort studies on the association between non-autoimmune diabetes and viruses. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science with no language restriction, to identify articles published until February 15, 2021. The main outcome assessment was the risk of virus infection in individuals with non-autoimmune diabetes. We used a random-effects model to pool individual studies and assessed heterogeneity (I) using the χ2 test on Cochrane's Q statistic. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019134142. Out of 3136 articles identified, we included 68 articles (90 studies, as the number of virus and or diabetes phenotype varied between included articles). The summary OR between non-autoimmune diabetes and virus infections risk were, 10.8(95% CI: 10.3-11.4; 1-study) for SARS-CoV-2; 3.6(95%CI: 2.7-4.9, I = 91.7%; 43-studies) for HCV; 2.7(95% CI: 1.3-5.4, I = 89.9%, 8-studies;) for HHV8; 2.1(95% CI: 1.7-2.5; 1-study) for H1N1 virus; 1.6(95% CI: 1.2-2.13, I = 98.3%, 27-studies) for HBV; 1.5(95% CI: 1.1-2.0; 1-study) for HSV1; 3.5(95% CI: 0.6-18.3 , I = 83.9%, 5-studies) for CMV; 2.9(95% CI: 1-8.7, 1-study) for TTV; 2.6(95% CI: 0.7-9.1, 1-study) for Parvovirus B19; 0.7(95% CI: 0.3-1.5 , 1-study) for coxsackie B virus; and 0.2(95% CI: 0-6.2; 1-study) for HGV. Our findings suggest that, non-autoimmune diabetes is associated with increased susceptibility to viruses especially SARS-CoV-2, HCV, HHV8, H1N1 virus, HBV and HSV1. Thus, these viruses deserve more attention from diabetes health-care providers, researchers, policy makers, and stakeholders for improved detection, overall proper management, and efficient control of viruses in people with non-autoimmune diabetes.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Risk Factors; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 33903699
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88598-6 -
Lupus Apr 2018Objective The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the risk of developing elevated antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Objective The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the risk of developing elevated antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies and related thromboembolic and/or pregnancy events following a viral infection. Method We searched Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed ePubs, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through June 2016. Independent observational studies of elevated aPL antibodies in patients with a viral infection compared with controls or patients with lupus were included. Results We analyzed 73 publications for 60 studies. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were most commonly reported. Compared with healthy controls, patients with HIV were more likely to develop elevated anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies (risk ratio (RR) 10.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.6-19.4), as were those with HCV (RR 6.3, 95% CI 3.9-10.1), hepatitis B virus (HBV) (RR 4.2, 95% CI 1.8-9.5), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (RR 10.9 95% CI 5.4-22.2). The only statistically significant increased risk for anti-β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2-GPI) antibodies was observed in patients with HCV (RR 4.8 95% CI 1.0-22.3). Compared with patients with lupus, patients with HIV were more likely to develop elevated aCL antibodies (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.6), and those with EBV, elevated anti-β2-GPI antibodies (RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3-3.9). Thromboembolic events were most prevalent in patients with elevated aPL antibodies who had HCV (9.1%, 95% CI 3.0-18.1), and HBV (5.9%, 95% CI 2.0-11.9) infections, and pregnancy events were most prevalent in those with parvovirus B19 (16.3%, 95% CI 0.78-45.7). However, compared to virus-infected patients with negative aPL antibodies, the only statistically significant increased risk was observed in those with HCV and positive aPL. Conclusions Viral infection can increase the risk of developing elevated aPL antibodies and associated thromboembolic events. Results are contingent on the reported information.
Topics: Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Biomarkers; Female; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Thromboembolism; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 28945149
DOI: 10.1177/0961203317731532 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Dec 2019To evaluate the performance of fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) ≥ 1.5 multiples of the median (MoM) for the prediction of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the performance of fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) ≥ 1.5 multiples of the median (MoM) for the prediction of moderate-severe anemia, in untransfused and transfused fetuses.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed to identify relevant observational studies reported in the period 2008-2018 that evaluated the performance of MCA-PSV, using a threshold of 1.5 MoM for the prediction of fetal anemia. Diagnosis of fetal anemia by blood sampling was the reference standard. A hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristics (hSROC) curve was constructed using random-effects modeling. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses, according to the number of previous intrauterine transfusions, were performed.
RESULTS
Twelve studies and 696 fetuses were included in the meta-analysis. The area under the hSROC curve (AUC) for moderate-severe anemia was 83%. Pooled sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) were 79% (70-86%) and 73% (62-82%), respectively, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 2.94 (95% CI, 2.13-4.00) and 0.272 (95% CI, 0.188-0.371). When considering only untransfused fetuses, prediction improved, achieving an AUC of 87%, sensitivity of 86% (95% CI, 75-93%) and specificity of 71% (95% CI, 49-87%). A decline in sensitivity for the prediction of moderate-severe anemia by MCA-PSV ≥1.5 MoM was observed (estimate, -5.5% (95% CI, -10.7 to -0.3%), P = 0.039) as the number of previous transfusions increased.
CONCLUSIONS
MCA-PSV ≥ 1.5 MoM for the prediction of moderate-severe anemia in untransfused fetuses shows moderate accuracy (86% sensitivity and 71% specificity), which declines with increasing number of intrauterine transfusions. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Topics: Anemia; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Middle Cerebral Artery; Observational Studies as Topic; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
PubMed: 30932276
DOI: 10.1002/uog.20273 -
Virology Journal Dec 2020Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a pathogenic virus that infects dogs, causing a highly infectious disease. Monitoring CPV-2 spread is an important part of prevention;... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a pathogenic virus that infects dogs, causing a highly infectious disease. Monitoring CPV-2 spread is an important part of prevention; however, the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of CPV-2 have not been systematically evaluated and analyzed in mainland China. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of CPV-2 in domestic dogs in mainland China.
METHODS
In this study, Chinese and English literature on CPV-2 epidemiology published between January 2006 and December 2019 was evaluated. Regarding meta-analysis, the random-effect model was employed by forest plot with 95% of confidence interval. The number of CPV-2 infections was identified and the pooled prevalence of infection, as well as the epidemiological characteristics, was calculated using meta-analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 39 studies (data from 137,844 dogs) met the evaluation criteria and were used in our study. The pooled prevalence of CPV-2 infection in mainland China was 36%. CPV-2 infection were associated with age, breed, sampling season and immunization status, but not with gender, publication time and diagnostic methods.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicated that CPV-2 is prevalent among dogs in China. It is therefore necessary to carry out continuous surveillance and epidemiological studies of CPV-2. In addition, accordingly, effective measures should be taken to prevent the transmission and spread of CPV-2 among the Chinese dog population.
Topics: Animals; China; DNA, Viral; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus, Canine; Pets; Phylogeny; Prevalence; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 33308261
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01462-3 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2019In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize the evidence on the association between being a daycare educator working with children and the possible increased risk... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize the evidence on the association between being a daycare educator working with children and the possible increased risk of parvovirus B19 infection compared to the general population. The Medline and Embase databases were searched using a defined search to find studies published since 2000. Two reviewers evaluated the search hits using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The resulting studies were extracted and were assessed in eight domains of bias. A pooled relative risk (RR) of parvovirus infection for daycare workers compared to the general population was calculated. After evaluating the 7781 search hits and manual search, four methodologically-adequate studies were identified: three cross-sectional studies and one retrospective cohort study. Of the three studies investigating the risk of infection, one evaluated parvovirus B19 seroconversion rates for daycare workers. There was an indication for an increased risk for daycare workers compared to the unexposed population (RR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.98-1.27) using prevalence estimators. Furthermore, daycare workers had a higher seroconversion rate compared to the unexposed population (RR = 2.63, 95% 1.27-5.45) in the low risk of bias study. : Our findings suggest a higher risk of parvovirus B19 infection for daycare workers compared to an unexposed comparison population, which necessitate preventative efforts. Considering the underestimation of the occupational seroconversion risk by prevalence-based estimators, parvovirus B19 infections among daycare workers might mostly be occupationally acquired.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Day Care Centers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Erythema Infectiosum; Female; Humans; Parvovirus B19, Human; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30999694
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081392 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Feb 2020Mink Aleutian disease (AMD) is the first of the three major diseases of fur animals. It is a common immunosuppressive disease in mink farms worldwide, which seriously... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Mink Aleutian disease (AMD) is the first of the three major diseases of fur animals. It is a common immunosuppressive disease in mink farms worldwide, which seriously endangers the development of the mink farming industry. Strengthening the understanding of the positive serum rate and spatial distribution of AMD is of great significance for the prevention and control of disease caused by the Aleutian virus. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the seroprevalence of AMD in China. We extracted 45 studies related to the seroprevalence of Chinese AMD, with samples taken between 1981 and 2017. Our systematic review and meta-analysis results show that, during the selected period, the overall positive rate of AMD in China was 55.3% (95% CI 48.5-62.0). The results from subgroups analysis of the potential risk factors showed that the seroprevalence rate of AMD in China in the past 36 years rose from 48% (95% CI 37.0-60.5) in 1981-2009 to 61.4% (95% CI 43.6-79.3) in 2010-2017. The date of the spatial difference in AMD seroprevalence indicated that AMD seroprevalence was unevenly distributed in different regions: the number of mink in eastern China and northeastern China was relatively high, and the seroprevalence rates were 57.9%, (95% CI 46.2-69.7) and 61.3% (95% CI 53.1-69.5), respectively. Central China had the highest seroprevalence rate of AMD at 69.8% (95% CI 64.4-75.2). At the provincial level, the AMD seroprevalence rate in Jiangsu was as high as 96% (95% CI 94.1-97.8), and the AMD seroprevalence rate in Shaanxi was the lowest at 22.1% (95% CI 20.3-23.9). This suggested that the AMD seroprevalence rate in China was unevenly distributed. In other subgroups, the positive rate of AMD in adult mink was higher than in juvenile mink. This implied that the high prevalence of AMD in China was caused by multiple factors. The meta-regression results indicated that the detection method subgroup (P = 0.008) may be the source of heterogeneity. Our data system evaluated the prevalence of Aleutian disease in China in the last 37 years and a preliminary discussion on the risk factors of AMD. It may help prevent and control AMD in China. It is recommended to conduct further epidemiological testing and develop a comprehensive testing plan to determine the risk factors associated with Aleutian disease and improve the Aleutian disease control strategy.
Topics: Aleutian Mink Disease; Aleutian Mink Disease Virus; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; China; Female; Male; Mink; Phylogeny; Prevalence; Seroepidemiologic Studies
PubMed: 31830583
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103908 -
Translational Research : the Journal of... Oct 2022Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) represent some of the most commonly employed vectors for targeted gene delivery and their extensive study has resulted in the approval of... (Review)
Review
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) represent some of the most commonly employed vectors for targeted gene delivery and their extensive study has resulted in the approval of multiple gene therapies to treat human diseases. The intranasal route of vector application in gene therapy offers several advantages over traditional ways of administration. In addition to targeting local tissue like the olfactory epithelium, it provides minimally invasive access to various organ systems, including the central nervous system and the respiratory tract. Through a systematic literature review, a total of 53 articles that investigated the intranasal application of AAVs were identified, included, and summarized in this manuscript. Within these studies, AAV-based gene therapy was mainly investigated for its application in various infectious, pulmonary, or neurologic and/or psychiatric diseases. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the current technological state of the art regarding the intranasal application of AAVs for gene transfer and discusses remaining hurdles, which still have to be resolved before this approach can effectively be implemented in the routine clinical setting.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Dependovirus; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans
PubMed: 35597541
DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.05.002