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Infectious Disorders Drug Targets 2024The purpose of this study was to find data proving the influence of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccination on the frequency of invasive Hib...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to find data proving the influence of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccination on the frequency of invasive Hib illness.
METHODOLOGY
A systematic literature search was conducted on the PubMed database to identify peerreviewed publications pertaining to the epidemiology of meningitis, both before and after the introduction of type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines. The search query employed a combination of relevant keywords, including "invasive," "" "meningitis," and specific serotype b (Hib). Additionally, terms related to epidemiology, burden, risk factors, impact, Hib vaccine, Hib conjugate vaccine, combination vaccine, vaccine production, efficacy, immunisation coverage, surveillance, review, clinical aspects, outcomes, and various age groups (adults and children) were incorporated.
RESULT
The search encompassed articles published till now. Subsequently, relevant research papers concerning meningitis were subjected to a comprehensive review and analysis.
CONCLUSION
The Hib conjugate vaccination has shown to be extremely effective when administered to the entire population. However, changes to the immunisation protocol appear to be required in order to effectively manage invasive Hib illness.
Topics: Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Bacterial Capsules; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae type b; Haemophilus Vaccines; Meningitis, Haemophilus; Vaccination; Vaccine Efficacy; Vaccines, Conjugate
PubMed: 38231056
DOI: 10.2174/0118715265269877231117070051 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Oct 2022Since the introduction of (Hi) serotype b (Hib) vaccination, reports of increasing incidence rates of non-Hib serotypes have emerged. A systematic review was performed...
Since the introduction of (Hi) serotype b (Hib) vaccination, reports of increasing incidence rates of non-Hib serotypes have emerged. A systematic review was performed to investigate whether the Hi serotype f (Hif) incidence rate has increased globally and to describe its associated disease burden. In the post-Hib vaccine era, evidence shows that the incidence rate of Hif infection is increasing worldwide. In total 94 studies including 2 701 patients reported Hif infections. The estimated pooled incidence rate of Hif infection was 0.15/100 000 population per year (range: 0.05-0.40/100 000), with a median case fatality ratio of 14.3 %. Invasive infections most frequently presented as pneumonia (45 %), septicaemia (34 %) and meningitis (20 %). Of 191 Hif isolates, 87 % were ampicillin-susceptible. Multi-locus sequence typing revealed that Hif were relatively clonal, with the majority belonging to clonal complex 124. Hif causes invasive infections of significant variance in both severity and presentation. Globally, the Hif population shows little genetic variability and currently appears to possess low resistance to antimicrobials.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Haemophilus influenzae type b; Haemophilus Infections; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Haemophilus Vaccines; Haemophilus influenzae; Ampicillin; Vaccination
PubMed: 36306238
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001606 -
American Journal of Orthopedics (Belle... May 2014Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare bacterial infection with an incidence of approximately 0.4 cases per 100,000 population. Although the majority of cases of necrotizing... (Review)
Review
Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare bacterial infection with an incidence of approximately 0.4 cases per 100,000 population. Although the majority of cases of necrotizing fasciitis are polymicrobial, a systematic review of the literature found only 7 reports of Haemophilus influenzae as the causal agent, and only 1 incidence of H influenzae causing the infection in a healthy adult. This report documents the unusual case of necrotizing fasciitis in a healthy adult with a history of smoking as her only risk factor. The patient presented with a seemingly innocuous low-grade Lisfranc injury. Our case illustrates the importance of early diagnosis and aggressive surgical management and medical treatment of necrotizing fasciitis.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Debridement; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Female; Foot Injuries; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Lower Extremity; Reoperation; Skin Transplantation
PubMed: 24839630
DOI: No ID Found -
La Tunisie Medicale 2018Vaccination is the most cost-effective intervention for primary prevention. The Maghreb countries had joined the The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). Tunisia...
BACKGROUND
Vaccination is the most cost-effective intervention for primary prevention. The Maghreb countries had joined the The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). Tunisia had also introduced the vaccine against hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib).
OBJECTIVE
To describ, through a systematic review, the specific documentation on the EPI in Tunisia.
METHOD
Target publications were collected using Medline database and Google Scholar from published articles from January 01 1998 to December 12 2017. The synthesis of the data was done according to four axes: "input", "process", "output" and "outcome".
RESULTS
17 articles were analyzed, with an average of 4 publications every 5 years. The author's specialty was community and preventive medicine in 56% of cases. Six articles focused on the "input" vaccination program, five related to the immunization process and the other five articles examined output and outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Tunisian publications concerning vaccination were rare, their efficiency and impact on the change of national vaccination strategy was crucial. Research coordination between Maghreb countries is highly recommended to meet the growing information needs.
Topics: Africa, Northern; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus Vaccines; Haemophilus influenzae type b; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Humans; Immunization Programs; Tunisia; Vaccination; Vaccination Coverage
PubMed: 30746663
DOI: No ID Found -
Future Medicinal Chemistry Sep 2017Resistances to antibiotics employed for treatment of infectious diseases have increased to alarming numbers making it more and more difficult to treat diseases caused by... (Review)
Review
AIM
Resistances to antibiotics employed for treatment of infectious diseases have increased to alarming numbers making it more and more difficult to treat diseases caused by microorganisms resistant to common antibiotics. Consequently, novel methods for successful inactivation of pathogens are required. In this instance, one alternative could be application of light for treatment of topical infections. Antimicrobial properties of UV light are well documented, but due to its DNA-damaging properties use for medical purposes is limited. In contrast, irradiation with visible light may be more promising.
METHODS
Literature was systematically screened for research concerning inactivation of main oral bacterial species by means of visible light.
RESULTS
Inactivation of bacterial species, especially pigmented ones, in planktonic state showed promising results. There is a lack of research examining the situation when organized as biofilms.
CONCLUSION
More research concerning situation in a biofilm state is required.
Topics: Aggregatibacter; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Fusobacterium; Humans; Light; Mouth; Porphyromonas; Prevotella; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus
PubMed: 28792235
DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0051 -
Microbial Drug Resistance (Larchmont,... 2001Haemophilus influenzae is a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age in the developing world. In Latin America, H. influenzae type b... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Haemophilus influenzae is a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age in the developing world. In Latin America, H. influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine and surveillance of H. influenzae antimicrobial susceptibility have been implemented in recent years. We have undertaken a systematic review and a pooled analysis on H. influenzae antimicrobial resistance, including reports of 15 Latin America countries over a 10-year period (1990-2000). We have found that 450 (21.4%) of 2,100 invasive isolates were beta-lactamase producers compared to 145 (14.5%) of 998 isolates of noninvasive isolates (p < 0.05). Ampicillin resistance was detected among 783 (21.9%) of 3,577 invasive isolates compared to 111 (17.2%) of 646 noninvasive strains (p < 0.05). In contrast, 568 (41.9%) of 1,355 noninvasive strains were trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) resistance against 241 (26.9%) of 897 invasive ones (p < 0.05). Therefore, TMP-SMX resistance was more common in nonsterile fluids than in sterile fluids. Over time, rates of beta-lactamase-producing strains were stable in Brazil and Mexico, whereas rates of TMP-SMX resistance were increasing in Brazil. It is predictable that following the Hib immunization, Latin America countries will be faced with increased nontypeable H. influenzae infection. Although standing by the nontypeable H. influenzae vaccine, in this novel epidemiological scenario of post-Hib vaccination in Latin America settings there is a need to improve H. influenzae resistance monitoring to guide clinicians to choose efficacious antimicrobial therapy.
Topics: Data Interpretation, Statistical; Drug Resistance; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Latin America; Respiratory Tract Infections; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 11822780
DOI: 10.1089/10766290152773419