-
Journal of Human Nutrition and... Aug 2023An estimated 26% of men and 29% of women in the UK are living with obesity according to recent statistics. Bariatric surgery can induce significant weight loss and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
An estimated 26% of men and 29% of women in the UK are living with obesity according to recent statistics. Bariatric surgery can induce significant weight loss and improve comorbidity status. However, previous studies highlight challenges in maintaining dietary changes and weight loss. This systematic review aimed to investigate patient experiences of weight loss and eating in the first 2 years following surgery, as well as provide clinical recommendations to support this group.
METHODS
Ethical approval was granted by the University. A systematic search was conducted in four databases. Studies were selected according to the predefined eligibility criteria and methodological quality, assessed via the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tool. Data were extracted and analysed using a thematic synthesis method. Rigour was enhanced via use of a data extraction tool, a validated method for data synthesis, peer review and transparent reporting.
RESULTS
In total, 507 records were screened; nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The thematic synthesis yielded four, interlinked analytical themes based on the experiences of 154 patients: relationship with food, relationship with oneself, relationship with others and unfinished journey. Positive experiences were reported including development of healthy eating behaviours and significant weight loss, improving physical and psychosocial wellbeing. On the other hand, challenges in adjusting to life after surgery were also reported.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study highlights the need for personalised dietary advice, addressing the psychological aspects of eating. Support should be extended to the family. Ongoing psychological support must be incorporated in the postsurgery care pathway to help patients deal with the negative outcomes of surgery such as excess skin.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Bariatric Surgery; Obesity; Weight Loss; Health Education; Patient Outcome Assessment; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 36448660
DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13121 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2020Planetary health is an emerging holistic health field to foster interdisciplinary collaborations, integrate Indigenous knowledge, facilitate education, and drive public...
Planetary health is an emerging holistic health field to foster interdisciplinary collaborations, integrate Indigenous knowledge, facilitate education, and drive public and policy engagement. To understand to what extent the field has successfully met these goals, we conducted a scoping review and bibliometric analysis. We searched 15 databases from 2005 to 2019 for peer-reviewed publications with the term "planetary health" in the title, abstract and/or keywords, with no language or geographical location limitations. We classified results into four categories (commentaries, comprehensive syntheses, educational material, and original research) and categorized original research according to expert-derived planetary health themes. Our bibliometric analysis highlighted publications over time, collaborations, and networks of keywords. Only 8.1% ( = 22) were research articles. Publications rose rapidly from 8 to 64 publications per year in 2015-2018. The top five author affiliation countries for most publications were the US, UK, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, and the top five collaborations were a subset of pairwise combinations between the US, UK, Australia, and Canada. The most common author keywords were the following: planetary health, climate change, ecology, and non-communicable diseases. Keyword co-occurrences clustered around high-level concepts (e.g., Anthropocene) and food system-related topics; two clusters lacked a theme. We show that the term planetary health is used mainly in commentary-like publications, not original research. Additionally, more global collaborations are lacking. Interdisciplinary work, as represented by keyword co-occurrence networks, is developing but could potentially be extended. The planetary health community should promote more worldwide research and interdisciplinary collaborations.
Topics: Australia; Bibliometrics; Canada; New Zealand; Peer Review
PubMed: 32850584
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00343 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Apr 2014A high level of participant skill is influential in determining the outcome of many sports. Thus, tests assessing skill outcomes in sport are commonly used by coaches... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
A high level of participant skill is influential in determining the outcome of many sports. Thus, tests assessing skill outcomes in sport are commonly used by coaches and researchers to estimate an athlete's ability level, to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions or for the purpose of talent identification.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this systematic review was to examine the methodological quality, measurement properties and feasibility characteristics of sporting skill outcome tests reported in the peer-reviewed literature.
DATA SOURCES
A search of both SPORTDiscus and MEDLINE databases was undertaken.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies that examined tests of sporting skill outcomes were reviewed. Only studies that investigated measurement properties of the test (reliability or validity) were included. A total of 22 studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria.
STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS
A customised checklist of assessment criteria, based on previous research, was utilised for the purpose of this review.
RESULTS
A range of sports were the subject of the 22 studies included in this review, with considerations relating to methodological quality being generally well addressed by authors. A range of methods and statistical procedures were used by researchers to determine the measurement properties of their skill outcome tests. The majority (95%) of the reviewed studies investigated test-retest reliability, and where relevant, inter and intra-rater reliability was also determined. Content validity was examined in 68% of the studies, with most tests investigating multiple skill domains relevant to the sport. Only 18% of studies assessed all three reviewed forms of validity (content, construct and criterion), with just 14% investigating the predictive validity of the test. Test responsiveness was reported in only 9% of studies, whilst feasibility received varying levels of attention.
LIMITATIONS
In organised sport, further tests may exist which have not been investigated in this review. This could be due to such tests firstly not being published in the peer-review literature and secondly, not having their measurement properties (i.e., reliability or validity) examined formally.
CONCLUSIONS
Of the 22 studies included in this review, items relating to test methodological quality were, on the whole, well addressed. Test-retest reliability was determined in all but one of the reviewed studies, whilst most studies investigated at least two aspects of validity (i.e., content, construct or criterion-related validity). Few studies examined predictive validity or responsiveness. While feasibility was addressed in over half of the studies, practicality and test limitations were rarely addressed. Consideration of study quality, measurement properties and feasibility components assessed in this review can assist future researchers when developing or modifying tests of sporting skill outcomes.
Topics: Athletic Performance; Checklist; Humans; Motor Skills; Reproducibility of Results; Sports; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 24293244
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0131-0 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Oct 2022Microplastics (MPs) and Nanoplastics (NPs) are plastic fragments that spread in the environment and accumulate in the human body, so they have been becoming a worldwide...
BACKGROUND
Microplastics (MPs) and Nanoplastics (NPs) are plastic fragments that spread in the environment and accumulate in the human body, so they have been becoming a worldwide environmental concern because of their potential human health effects. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the prospective impact of MPs and NPs on the inflammatory process.
METHODS
Electronic article search was performed on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science international databases from 1 Jan 2012 to 31 Dec 2021. Screenings of titles, abstracts and full texts were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). The methodological quality of the studies was checked by the Toxicological data Reliability Assessment Tool.
RESULTS
Electronic article search identified 125 records, from which 6 , 11 and 2 both and studies were included. Both and studies have showed an increase ofdifferent inflammatory outcomes (Interleukines, Tumor necrosis factor, Chemokines, Interferones, Transcription factors, Growth factors, Oxydoreductase, Proteins and others), thus it seems to confirm the association withthe exposure to microplastics of different types, sizes, exposure times and exposed species.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review seems to support the relationship between the exposure to MPs and the inflammatory processboth and . Greater caution is needed about the role of NPs because ofa very small number of studies. Additional high-quality studies are warranted to confirm these results, especially the research should be focused on NPs being lacking literature.
Topics: Humans; Microplastics; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 36336869
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2710287 -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2020Peri implant diseases lead to pathological changes in the peri implant tissues and loss of osseointegration. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the effect of... (Review)
Review
AIM
Peri implant diseases lead to pathological changes in the peri implant tissues and loss of osseointegration. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the effect of various lasers and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on peri implant diseases compared to conventional procedures.
SETTING AND DESIGN
This meta analysis was conducted as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search of the electronic databases such as PubMed, ICTRP, CT.gov, Embase, and Cochrane Library was done additional to manual search of peer review article on peri-implant diseases. Eleven randomized control clinical trials were included in which laser therapy and PDT were used as an interventional procedure.
RESULTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Review Manager 5.03 (RevMan, Nordic Cochrane Center, Copenhagen, Denmark), and random effects model were used to assess mean difference (MD). Bivariate differential mean statistic was used in intergroup estimate with 95% confidence interval (CI). I2 test statistics was applied for heterogenity and < 0.05 was considered significant statistically. The literature search yielded a total of 113 articles among which 11 articles were included for quantitative analysis. The selected outcome PD reported MD -0.01 with 95% CI (-0.13, 0.16), = 0.84, and CAL reported MD -0.09 with 95% CI (-0.32, 0.14), = 0.45, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Laser treatment as an adjunctive therapy or monotherapy in peri implantitis does not show any superior effects than conventional measures as per evidence. However, cases with peri implant mucositis have shown far more promising results with laser therapy compared to peri implantitis.
PubMed: 33487962
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_144_20 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... May 2023Pediatric orofacial pain (OFP) is a blanket term referring to the pain of soft and hard tissue in the face, neck and headaches affecting subjects younger than 18. OFP...
Pediatric orofacial pain (OFP) is a blanket term referring to the pain of soft and hard tissue in the face, neck and headaches affecting subjects younger than 18. OFP encompasses pain due to various causes, , (i) Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD), (ii) Headache, and (iii) Neuropathies. This review aims to provide an overview of these three causes of OFP. The inclusion criteria are: (1) articles in English; (2) human studies; (3) clinical trials; (4) systematic review. Data from the included studies using a customized data extraction on a Microsoft Excel sheet. PubMed, Web of Science and Lilacs were systematically searched. The time window considered for the electronic search was from 01 January 1950 to 21 October 2022. A total of 3399 articles published were found from electronic searches. Finally, six full-text articles satisfied the inclusion criteria. The included studies have been published over the past 27 years (1993 to 2020). The studies analyzed were conducted in various parts of the world: USA, Argentina, Canada, South America (Brazil), and India. A total of 308 subjects were analyzed. TMD, headache, and neuropathies are among the leading causes of orofacial pain. Lifestyle changes and psychological approaches could be curative. However, some patients need pharmacotherapy. Regarding the inadequate treatment of pain after hospital discharge due to the difficulty of following the scheduled intervals prescribed, remote monitoring through telemedicine tools could be a solution in the future. Several conditions present with pain in children and adolescents; in most of them, pain is the most prominent symptom. This review found that one of the most critical causes of OFP is temporomandibular dysfunction. Treatment is founded on a multidisciplinary approach.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Facial Pain; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Headache; Neck; Neuralgia
PubMed: 37143419
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.019 -
BMC Health Services Research May 2023Using management competency-based frameworks to guide developing and delivering training and formal education to managers has been increasingly recognized as a key... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Using management competency-based frameworks to guide developing and delivering training and formal education to managers has been increasingly recognized as a key strategy in building management capacity. Hence, interest in identifying and confirming the competency requirements in various contexts have been witnessed. Therefore, learnings from how competency studies were designed and conducted, how competencies were identified, and strategies in ensuring success in competency identification are of great value to researchers planning and conducting competency studies in their own country.
METHODS
A scoping review was conducted guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework and reported according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). All papers that published empirical studies aiming at identifying and assessing manager's competencies at the peer-reviewed journals were identified from Web of sciences, PubMed, Scopus and Emerald Management between 2000 and 2021. In order to maximize learning, studies focusing on health and non-health sectors are all included.
RESULTS
In total, 186 studies were included in the review including slightly more than half of the studies conducted in health sector (54.5%). 60% of the studies focused on mid to senior level managers. Surveys and Interviews were the two most commonly used methods either solely or as part of the mix-method in the studies. Half of the studies used mixed methods approach (51.1%). Large proportion of the papers failed to include all information that is necessary to contribute to learning and improvement in future study design. Based on the results of the scoping review a four steps framework was developed that can guide designing and implementing management competency studies in specific country vs. sector context and to ensure benefits of the studies are maximised.
CONCLUSION
The review confirmed the increasing trend in investing in management competency studies and that the management competency identification and development process varied substantially, in the choice of methods and processes. The identification of missing information in majority of the published studies calls for the development of more rigorous guidelines for the peer-review process of journal publications. The proposed framework of improving the quality and impact of the future management competency study provides clear guidance to management competency identification and development that promotes the functional alignment of methods and strategies with intended uses and contexts.
Topics: Humans; Clinical Competence; Learning; Research Design; Empirical Research
PubMed: 37127614
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09404-9 -
Journal of Clinical Nursing Feb 2008The Clinical Education Project investigated clinical education in nursing and midwifery settings. The aim of this phase was to investigate and evaluate the processes and... (Review)
Review
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The Clinical Education Project investigated clinical education in nursing and midwifery settings. The aim of this phase was to investigate and evaluate the processes and outcomes of clinical assessment of preregistration nurses and midwives, focusing on the assessment interview, and to evaluate the feasibility of introducing peer review of the clinical assessment interview in acute clinical settings.
BACKGROUND
Peer review is common in many professional areas. The literature describes various applications of peer review and makes recommendations for its use. However, there is a shortage of studies investigating the use of peer review in nursing and midwifery education and practice.
DESIGN
The project involved a systematic literature review and a qualitative exploratory study. This article describes the first part of the study: a systematic literature review of peer review. The second part of the study is reported elsewhere.
METHODS
The systematic literature review investigated international articles written since 1994 that contained information on peer review in pre/post registration nursing and midwifery within higher education or practice.
RESULTS
From the available literature, 52 specific initiatives were analysed. The majority of articles originated in America and involved nursing staff working in secondary care settings. Fifty-one articles had missing information varying from not stating the sample size to not including information about evaluations.
CONCLUSIONS
The literature review found that whilst peer review is commonplace in nursing and midwifery practice, there is a lack of robust literature about its use. Relevance to clinical practice. Peer review in clinical settings such as nursing and midwifery can facilitate the sharing of good practice and personal and professional growth. It allows participants to learn from each other and gain insight into their development.
Topics: Acute Disease; Benchmarking; Clinical Competence; Educational Measurement; Employee Performance Appraisal; Evidence-Based Medicine; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Nursing Education Research; Nursing Methodology Research; Nursing Staff; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Peer Review, Health Care; Qualitative Research; Research Design
PubMed: 17419775
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.01934.x -
Homeopathy : the Journal of the Faculty... Oct 2012Systematic review of the research evidence in veterinary homeopathy has never previously been carried out. This paper presents the search methods, together with... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Systematic review of the research evidence in veterinary homeopathy has never previously been carried out. This paper presents the search methods, together with categorised lists of retrieved records, that enable us to identify the literature that is acceptable for future systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in veterinary homeopathy.
METHODS
All randomised and controlled trials of homeopathic intervention (prophylaxis and/or treatment of disease, in any species except man) were appraised according to pre-specified criteria. The following databases were systematically searched from their inception up to and including March 2011: AMED; Carstens-Stiftung Homeopathic Veterinary Clinical Research (HomVetCR) database; CINAHL; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Embase; Hom-Inform; LILACS; PubMed; Science Citation Index; Scopus.
RESULTS
One hundred and fifty records were retrieved; 38 satisfied the acceptance criteria (substantive report of a clinical treatment or prophylaxis trial in veterinary homeopathic medicine randomised and controlled and published in a peer-reviewed journal), and were thus eligible for future planned systematic review. Approximately half of the rejected records were theses. Seven species and 27 different species-specific medical conditions were represented in the 38 papers. Similar numbers of papers reported trials of treatment and prophylaxis (n=21 and n=17 respectively) and were controlled against placebo or other than placebo (n=18, n=20 respectively). Most research focused on non-individualised homeopathy (n=35 papers) compared with individualised homeopathy (n=3).
CONCLUSION
The results provide a complete and clarified view of the RCT literature in veterinary homeopathy. We will systematically review the 38 substantive peer-reviewed journal articles under the main headings: treatment trials; prophylaxis trials.
Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; Databases, Bibliographic; Evidence-Based Medicine; Forms and Records Control; Homeopathy; Materia Medica; Peer Review, Research; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Research Design; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 23089214
DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2012.05.009 -
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine :... Feb 2021No systematic review or meta-analysis has yet been conducted to examine the impact of the pandemic on the prevalence of sleep problems among the general population,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
STUDY OBJECTIVES
No systematic review or meta-analysis has yet been conducted to examine the impact of the pandemic on the prevalence of sleep problems among the general population, health care workers, or patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to assess the impact and prevalence of sleep problems among those categories.
METHODS
American Psychological Association PsycINFO, Cochrane, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, ProQuest Medical, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science from November 1, 2019 to July 5, 2020 were used. Additionally, 5 preprints servers (medRxiv.org; preprints.org; psyarxiv.com; arXiv.org; biorxiv.org) were also searched for papers accepted after peer review but not yet published and indexed. There was no language restriction. The random-effect models meta-analysis model was used with the DerSimonian and Laird methodology.
RESULTS
Forty-four papers, involving a total of 54,231 participants from 13 countries, were judged relevant and contributed to the systematic review and meta-analysis of sleep problems during COVID-19. The global pooled prevalence rate of sleep problems among all populations was 35.7% (95% confidence interval, 29.4-42.4%). Patients with COVID-19 appeared to be the most affected group, with a pooled rate of 74.8% (95% confidence interval, 28.7-95.6%). Health care workers and the general population had comparative rates of sleep problems, with rates of 36.0% (95% confidence interval, 21.1-54.2%) and 32.3% (95% confidence interval, 25.3-40.2%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic is high and affects approximately 40% of people from the general and health care populations. Patients with active COVID-19 appeared to have a higher prevalence rates of sleep problems.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Pandemics; Quarantine; SARS-CoV-2; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 33108269
DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8930