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Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Oct 2021Conflicting results exist on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR), and its complications, such as erosive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Conflicting results exist on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR), and its complications, such as erosive oesophagitis (EO) and Barrett's oesophagus (BO).
AIMS
To explore the association of H. pylori infection with GOR symptoms and their complications METHODS: We searched Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases through December 2020 for relevant articles. Regarding the association between H. pylori and GOR symptoms (heartburn, regurgitation or reflux), we included observational studies comparing the prevalence of GOR symptoms between H. pylori-positive and -negative individuals. Concerning the association between H. pylori and complications of GOR, we included studies comparing the prevalence of EO or BO between H. pylori-positive and -negative individuals.
RESULTS
In total, 36 papers were eligible. Based on seven cross-sectional surveys, H. pylori infection was associated with a lower odds of GOR symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61-0.90). However, in four case-control studies, H. pylori infection was not associated with odds of GOR symptoms (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.85-0.1.43). In 26 cross-sectional studies in patients with GOR symptoms, the OR for EO was 0.70 (95% CI 0.58-0.84) in H. pylori-positive vs -negative cases. Based on nine cross-sectional studies in subjects with GOR complications, no significant association was found between H. pylori infection and either endoscopically-diagnosed (OR 1.84, 95% CI 0.67-5.02) or histologically confirmed (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.60-1.20) BO.
CONCLUSIONS
Helicobacter pylori infection appears to be associated with a decreased odds of GOR symptoms and EO. In contrast, H. pylori infection did not seem to affect the odds of BO in patients with GER complications.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Esophagitis, Peptic; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans
PubMed: 34437710
DOI: 10.1111/apt.16585 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Aug 2004Little information is available about the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in patients with nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). We aimed to synthesize available... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Little information is available about the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in patients with nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). We aimed to synthesize available data and determine the effectiveness of PPIs on symptom resolution in patients with NERD.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature identified studies reporting the effects of PPIs in patients with NERD. Heartburn resolution data were pooled across studies. The effectiveness of PPI therapy in inducing complete heartburn resolution was compared in patients with NERD vs. erosive esophagitis (EE).
RESULTS
Seven trials evaluating heartburn resolution in NERD were identified. Higher proportions of patients reported achieving sufficient heartburn resolution compared with complete heartburn resolution. The effect of PPIs on sufficient heartburn resolution was observed sooner than was complete heartburn resolution. Therapeutic gain of PPI therapy over placebo ranged from 30% to 35% for sufficient heartburn control and from 25% to 30% for complete heartburn control. Pooled response rates at 4 weeks were significantly higher for patients with EE compared with NERD (56% vs. 37%, P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
PPIs provide a more modest therapeutic gain in patients with NERD as compared with those with EE. A trend in increased therapeutic gain for NERD patients was shown throughout the 4 weeks, suggesting that 4 weeks of follow-up evaluation may be insufficient to show full therapeutic gain in this patient population.
Topics: Anti-Ulcer Agents; Esophagitis, Peptic; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Heartburn; Humans; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 15290657
DOI: 10.1016/s1542-3565(04)00288-5 -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Aug 2013To date, there are many studies on the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Here we reviewed the... (Review)
Review
To date, there are many studies on the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Here we reviewed the relationship between H. pylori status and the development of reflux esophagitis (RE) or Barrett's esophagus (BE). According to many case-controlled studies, H. pylori infection may play a protective role in the development of RE. However, the frequency of RE development does not increase following successful H. pylori treatment based on the previous studies including meta-analysis and systematic review. Even though RE newly develops after H. pylori eradication, endoscopic findings reveal mild such as grade A or B according to the Los Angeles Classification System. With regard to BE, there is an inverse significant relationship. Since there are few studies indicating that BE increases after treatment of H. pylori, the eradication should be recommended for patients with H. pylori infection irrespective of the presence of RE or BE even in terms of the prevention of gastric cancer.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Barrett Esophagus; Esophagitis, Peptic; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 23967679
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Clinical... Sep 2019Increasing evidence indicates that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to an increased risk of extra-hepatic conditions. However, it is currently... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Increasing evidence indicates that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to an increased risk of extra-hepatic conditions. However, it is currently uncertain whether NAFLD is associated with the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant studies to examine the association between NAFLD and the risk of GERD.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science from 1 January 1975 to 15 December 2018, using predefined terms to identify cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies investigating the association between NAFLD and GERD.
RESULTS
Nine observational studies involving 185 118 subjects were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Overall, NAFLD was significantly associated with an increased risk of GERD (random effect OR 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12-1.44, I = 82%). Moreover, the significant association between NAFLD and GERD was consistent both for studies with adjusted OR/HR (n = 6, random effect OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03-1.30) and those with unadjusted OR/HR (n = 3, random effect OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.62-2.56) as measures of effect. Both funnel plot and Egger's test suggested the existence of publication bias. However, a sensitivity analysis by sequentially omitting each study did not alter the pooled outcome,suggesting the robustness of the association.
CONCLUSION
NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of GERD. However, future large and cohort studies are still needed to determine the causal relationship between NAFLD and the risk of GERD.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Esophagitis, Peptic; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity; Odds Ratio; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31338830
DOI: 10.1111/eci.13158 -
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology :... Apr 2021Indian population-based studies on the prevalence and risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are scanty, and a meta-analysis and a meta-regression of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Indian population-based studies on the prevalence and risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are scanty, and a meta-analysis and a meta-regression of prevalence and risk factors based on the existing data have not yet been reported.
METHODS
A systematic review of all the available publications from India reporting data regarding prevalence and risk factors of GERD was performed. Heterogeneity was assessed using I statistics. The meta-analysis was undertaken to measure the average proportion reported in the existing studies, and meta-regression models were used to explore the risk factors for it.
RESULTS
The nine studies included 20,614 subjects; the prevalence of GERD ranged from 5% to 28.5%. The summary effect size (weighted average proportion) estimated by meta-analytic model was 0.1415 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.099 to 0.197). The results for the test of heterogeneity that included tau (0.37, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.80), I (98.9%, 95% CI 98.01 to 99.77), and the Q-statistic (707.670; p < 0.0001) suggested high heterogeneity in the effect sizes. The pooled proportion of GERD (random-effects model) was 15.573 (95% CI 11.046 to 20.714). In the meta-regression model, sample size (p = 0.005) explained about 50% of the heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
The pooled prevalence of GERD in the Indian population is 15.6 (95% CI 11.046 to 20.714). The risk factors were age, body mass index (BMI), non-vegetarian diet, tea/coffee intake, tobacco, and alcohol consumption. However, there was significant heterogeneity in the studies.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Tobacco Use
PubMed: 33409947
DOI: 10.1007/s12664-020-01104-0 -
BMC Surgery Aug 2019In theory, proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (PG-DT) was superior to total gastrectomy (TG) in hematologic and nutritional outcomes. However, its... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
In theory, proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (PG-DT) was superior to total gastrectomy (TG) in hematologic and nutritional outcomes. However, its clinical effects in proximal early gastric cancer (EGC) have been controversial.
METHODS
The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (LPG-DT) for proximal EGC. For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched for articles published before December of 2018 in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Medline, and Cochrane Library.
RESULTS
The results showed no significant difference in the anastomotic stenosis (OR = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.33-2.50, p = 0.85) and reflux esophagitis (OR = 1.87, 95%CI = 0.62-5.65, p = 0.27) between LPG-DT and laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG). The vitamin B12 supplementation rate in the LPG-DT group was lower than the LTG group (OR = 0.06, 95%Cl = 0.01-0.59, p = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
Due to comparable clinical effect, PG-DT is comparable to TG for patients with proximal EGC. In addition, LPG-DT not only appears superior to TG in terms of preventing vitamin B12 deficiency, but also does not increase the risk of anastomotic stricture and reflux esophagitis.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Constriction, Pathologic; Esophagitis, Peptic; Gastrectomy; Humans; Laparoscopy; Retrospective Studies; Stomach Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
PubMed: 31438918
DOI: 10.1186/s12893-019-0584-7 -
European Archives of... Dec 2019To develop clinical tools assessing the refluxogenic potential of foods and beverages (F&B) consumed by patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).
OBJECTIVE
To develop clinical tools assessing the refluxogenic potential of foods and beverages (F&B) consumed by patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).
METHODS
European experts of the LPR Study group of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Oto-rhino-laryngological societies were invited to identify the components of Western European F&B that would be associated with the development of LPR. Based on the list generated by experts, four authors conducted a systematic review to identify the F&B involved in the development of esophageal sphincter and motility dysfunctions, both mechanisms involved in the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease and LPR. Regarding the F&B components and the characteristics identified as important in the development of reflux, experts developed three rational scores for the assessment of the refluxogenic potential of F&B, a dish, or the overall diet of the patient.
RESULTS
Twenty-six European experts participated to the study and identified the following components of F&B as important in the development of LPR: pH; lipid, carbohydrate, protein composition; fiber composition of vegetables; alcohol degree; caffeine/theine composition; and high osmolality of beverage. A total of 72 relevant studies have contributed to identifying the Western European F&B that are highly susceptible to be involved in the development of reflux. The F&B characteristics were considered for developing a Refluxogenic Diet Score (REDS), allowing a categorization of F&B into five categories ranging from 1 (low refluxogenic F&B) to 5 (high refluxogenic F&B). From REDS, experts developed the Refluxogenic Score of a Dish (RESDI) and the Global Refluxogenic Diet Score (GRES), which allow the assessment of the refluxogenic potential of dish and the overall diet of the LPR patient, respectively.
CONCLUSION
REDS, RESDI and GRES are proposed as objective scores for assessing the refluxogenic potential of F&B composing a dish or the overall diet of LPR patients. Future studies are needed to study the correlation between these scores and the development of LPR according to impedance-pH study.
Topics: Adult; Beverages; Diet; Electric Impedance; Esophagitis, Peptic; Female; Food; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux; Male; Middle Aged; Otolaryngologists; Otolaryngology; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 31515662
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05631-1 -
Lakartidningen
Review
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Antacids; Barrett Esophagus; Dyspepsia; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagitis; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Male; Peptic Ulcer; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Risk Factors
PubMed: 17550016
DOI: No ID Found -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Sep 2000Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is believed to be common and chronic gastrointestinal disorder. Quantitative estimates of the actual prevalence of GERD are... (Review)
Review
Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is believed to be common and chronic gastrointestinal disorder. Quantitative estimates of the actual prevalence of GERD are difficult to obtain, because those who seek health care probably represent only a tip of the iceberg of people with GERD. The prevalence of heartburn and/or regurgitation, considered to be reasonably specific symptoms for the diagnosis of GERD, ranged from 10% to 48% for heartburn, from 9% to 45% for regurgitation and 21% to 59% for both/either in systematic review of GERD and reflux esophagitis(RE). It is widely accepted that the prevalence is lower in Asian countries, including Japan, compared with that in Western countries. However, the prevalence of RE in Japan may be increasing. In the case of heartburn and regurgitation in GERD and endoscopic findings in RE, different understandings of these terms by different investigators and subjects may have contributed to the range of results. Symptom definitions and what is understood by them should be among the most important considerations when undertaking population prevalence studies on reflux like symptoms, to allow comparisons to be made between studies.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Esophagitis, Peptic; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Japan; Male; Prevalence
PubMed: 11004821
DOI: No ID Found -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Nov 2001Esomeprazole is a new proton pump inhibitor, which has been compared to omeprazole for the treatment of reflux oesophagitis in clinical trials. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Esomeprazole is a new proton pump inhibitor, which has been compared to omeprazole for the treatment of reflux oesophagitis in clinical trials.
AIM
To compare the effectiveness of esomeprazole with the recommended dose of proton pump inhibitors in the healing of reflux oesophagitis, using omeprazole as a common comparator.
METHODS
Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Extraction and re-analysis of data to provide 'intention-to-treat' results. Meta-analysis using a Fixed Effects model.
RESULTS
A meta-analysis of healing rates of esomeprazole 40 mg compared to omeprazole 20 mg gave the following results: at 4 weeks (relative risk 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.18) and 8 weeks (RR 1.08; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.10). Other proton pump inhibitors compared to omeprazole 20 mg are as follows: lansoprazole 30 mg at 4 weeks (RR 1.02; 95%CI: 0.97, 1.08) and 8 weeks (RR 1.01; 95%CI: 0.97, 1.06); pantoprazole 40 mg at 4 weeks (RR 0.99; 95%CI: 0.91, 1.07) and 8 weeks (RR 0.98; 95%CI: 0.93, 1.04); rabeprazole 20 mg at 4 weeks (RR 1.00; 95%CI: 0.87, 1.14) and 8 weeks (RR 0.98; 95%CI: 0.91, 1.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Esomeprazole has demonstrated higher healing rates than omeprazole at 4 and 8 weeks. Other proton pump inhibitors (lansoprazole, pantoprazole and rabeprazole) have not shown higher healing rates when compared with omeprazole.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Esomeprazole; Esophagitis, Peptic; Humans; Omeprazole; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 11683686
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01128.x