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Public Health Sep 2023To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the relative risk of COVID-19-related mortality among people with disabilities compared to people without... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the relative risk of COVID-19-related mortality among people with disabilities compared to people without disabilities.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
We systematically searched four databases from March 1, 2020, to August 15, 2022. We included prospective studies with a baseline assessment of disability and a longitudinal assessment of the COVID-19-related mortality. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We undertook random-effects meta-analyses to calculate pooled adjusted hazard ratios for COVID-19-related mortality for people with disabilities, also disaggregated by disability type and study setting.
RESULTS
We identified 2596 articles throughout the electronic data search, and 56 studies were included in the review. Most (73%) had a moderate risk of bias. The pooled adjusted effect estimate for COVID-19-related mortality in people with disabilities compared to those without was 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4-3.2). Heterogeneity between the studies was high (τ = 0.28, I = 97%). Effect estimates were highest for population-based samples (3.3, 95% CI: 2.7-3.9), compared to hospital settings (2.1, 95% CI: 1.7-2.7). Risk was not elevated among people with disabilities in care home settings (1.6, 95% CI: 0.7-3.5). Disaggregation by disability type showed that people with intellectual disabilities were at the highest relative risk of COVID-19 mortality.
DISCUSSION
Risk of COVID-19 mortality is elevated among people with disabilities, especially people with intellectual disabilities. Efforts are needed to collect better routine data on disability and to include people with disabilities in the pandemic response for COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Intellectual Disability; Prospective Studies; Disabled Persons; Bias
PubMed: 37541064
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.06.032 -
Disability and Health Journal Jan 2022Sports participation has many physical and mental health benefits for individuals with a disability including improved functionality and reduced anxiety, yet a large... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Sports participation has many physical and mental health benefits for individuals with a disability including improved functionality and reduced anxiety, yet a large proportion of individuals with a disability are inactive.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the experiences and perceived health benefits of sport participation across four disability populations: children and adolescents, adults, elite athletes and veterans with a disability.
METHODS
A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted. Eligible studies had participants who were children, adults, elite athletes or veterans with a physical, visual or intellectual disability. Data were extracted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool and quality assessment involved the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD). Content, thematic and narrative synthesis techniques were used. Confidence in cumulative evidence was determined using GRADE-CERQual and Classes of Evidence.
RESULTS
Several positive aspects of sport participation were highlighted across all four populations, including socialisation opportunities, pure enjoyment, a sense of freedom and providing an arena to challenge stereotypes. The paucity of research within the 'veterans with a disability' group limited analysis of experiences and benefits of sport in this population.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review was the first to explore this phenomena, finding that overall sport is a beneficial experience for individuals with a disability. The positive aspects should be promoted when encouraging sport participation for children, adolescents, adults and elite athletes. More research is needed to explore these phenomena in veterans and to compare perceived benefits between populations to enable tailored promotion of sport.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Athletes; Child; Disabled Persons; Health Status; Humans; Mental Health; Sports
PubMed: 34238729
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101164 -
Journal of Music Therapy 2012Systematic reviews of research provide pertinent information to both practitioners and researchers. While there are several recent reviews of music research and children... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Systematic reviews of research provide pertinent information to both practitioners and researchers. While there are several recent reviews of music research and children with specific disabilities (primarily autism), there is no current review of music research with children with a wide variety of disabilities.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the current study is to identify and systematically review music research with children and youth published in peer reviewed journals for the years 1999 through 2009. Research questions focused on participant characteristics; research purposes, methodologies, and findings; as well as the presence of ideas from special education policies, and practices. We also asked how results have changed from those from an earlier review (Jellison, 2000).
METHODS
Using computer and hand-searches, we identified 45 articles that met our criteria for inclusion. Once identified, through a process of consensus we analyzed articles based on criteria, categories, and codes used in the earlier review. Additionally we analyzed measurement instruments and effectiveness of interventions as reported by the authors.
RESULTS
Primary findings show a large majority of studies were experimental with most reporting effective or partially effective interventions, particularly for social variables. Compared to the earlier review, increases were found for participants with autism and for reports including ideas from special education. Percentages of articles measuring generalization and examining high-incident disability populations (specific learning disabilities) were low.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings from this review and comparisons to the earlier review reveal important implications for practices with children with autism and preparation of researchers to design and conduct studies in inclusive music settings.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Child; Child Behavior; Disabled Children; Disabled Persons; Female; Health Status; Humans; Intergenerational Relations; Male; Music; Music Therapy; Peer Group; Self Concept; Social Support
PubMed: 23259233
DOI: 10.1093/jmt/49.3.335 -
Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation Mar 2008We present the results of a systematic literature review of disability management interventions to answer the question: "what is the credible evidence that incremental... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
We present the results of a systematic literature review of disability management interventions to answer the question: "what is the credible evidence that incremental investment in disability management interventions is worth undertaking?"
METHODS
We identified studies through searches in journal databases and requests to content experts. After assessing the quality of studies that met content requirements, we employed a best-evidence synthesis approach. Studies were stratified across several dimensions for evidence synthesis, with industry as the core stratification criterion.
RESULTS
We identified 17 disability management interventions with economic analyses, of which eight were of high or medium quality. We found strong evidence supporting the economic merits of multi-sector disability management interventions, but could not make a positive statement about the remaining five industry clusters with studies. For stratification by intervention components, we found moderate evidence for interventions that included an education component, moderate evidence for those with physiotherapy, limited evidence for those with a behavioural component, and moderate evidence for those with a work/vocational rehabilitation component. For stratification by intervention features, we found moderate evidence for interventions that included a work accommodation offer, contact between health care provider and workplace, early contact with worker by workplace, ergonomic work site visits, and interventions with a return-to-work coordinator.
CONCLUSIONS
We found credible evidence supporting the financial benefits of disability management interventions for one industry cluster and several intervention components and features.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Disabled Persons; Humans; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Health Services; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Workers' Compensation
PubMed: 18259843
DOI: 10.1007/s10926-007-9116-x -
Disability and Rehabilitation Feb 2019The media plays an important role in shaping society's beliefs about disability and sport. The aim of this systematic review is to identify how elite athletes with...
BACKGROUND
The media plays an important role in shaping society's beliefs about disability and sport. The aim of this systematic review is to identify how elite athletes with disability are portrayed in the media.
METHOD
Six electronic databases were searched from 2001 to March 2017 for quantitative or qualitative content analysis of media coverage of elite athletes with disability: SportsDiscus, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Medline 1996-, Embase, and Proquest. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed by two independent assessors.
RESULTS
Seventeen moderate quality articles were included. Six themes emerged from the data such as frequency of articles and photos about elite athletes with disability; athlete gender; athlete nationality; disability; athleticism; and Olympic Games versus Paralympic Games. Our results show that elite athletes with disability are less visible in the media than their nondisabled counterparts; female athletes received less coverage than male; the media favored domestic athletes and certain types of disability; and, although there was a focus on athleticism, this was underpinned by a "supercrip" narrative and a medicalised description of disability.
CONCLUSION
Although there has been a positive shift in the narrative around elite athletes with disability in media, relative absence and differing portrayal is present. Considering the power of media shaping society's perceptions of disability, further investigation is warranted. Implications for Rehabilitation Media has a role in how elite athletes with disability are portrayed and consequently perceived by the public. Elite athletes with disability rarely feature in media. Images of disability are minimized, and certain types of disabilities are favored. An athletic narrative is emerging; however, a medicalised description of athletes remains, shifting the focus from athleticism. "Supercrip" and "Superhuman" terms are commonly used, but may negatively impact the broader disability community.
Topics: Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Disabled Persons; Humans; Mass Media; Social Perception; Sports for Persons with Disabilities
PubMed: 29124974
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1397775 -
Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine :... Nov 2023The primary objective of this systematic review is to assess whether motor control exercises consisting of the methodology described by Richardson and Hodges improve the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of this systematic review is to assess whether motor control exercises consisting of the methodology described by Richardson and Hodges improve the pain and disability of patients with nonspecific low back pain.
DESIGN
Systematic review and a meta-analysis.
SETTING
A literature review was conducted using PubMed, PEDro, Scielo, CINAHL, Web of Science, Dialnet, Scopus, and MEDLINE from inception to November 2021.
PATIENTS
Patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.
INTERVENTIONS
Randomized controlled trials assessing motor control exercises versus inactive control, placebo or minimal intervention, and other exercises.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Pain intensity, disability, and physical activity were considered as primary outcomes.
RESULTS
Eighteen studies with 1356 patients were finally included in the systematic review, of which only 13 randomized clinical trials could be meta-analyzed. Statistically significant results were found in favor of the motor control group for the comparison with other exercises in disability at postintervention term (Mean Difference, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], -3.13 [-5.87 to -0.38], P = 0.03); for the comparison with inactive control, placebo, or minimal intervention in pain at postintervention term (MD, 95% CI, -18.10 [-30.79 to -5.41], P = 0.008); and for comparison with general exercises (MD, 95% CI, -12.70 [-20.80 to -4.60], P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
Moderate-quality evidence regarding the effectiveness of motor control exercises to reduce pain intensity and disability exists, but the reduction should be interpreted with caution.
Topics: Humans; Low Back Pain; Exercise Therapy; Disabled Persons; Pain Measurement; Exercise; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37432388
DOI: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000001175 -
Maturitas Jan 2011Compared to men, women live longer but experience greater morbidity as they age. However, little is known about the rapidly growing population of women aging with... (Review)
Review
Compared to men, women live longer but experience greater morbidity as they age. However, little is known about the rapidly growing population of women aging with disability. Women aging with disabilities may encounter barriers that increase risk of morbidity, including lack of access to medical care or inadequate assistance, equipment, or services. To evaluate risks of morbidity in this group, we conducted a systematic review focused on two important and prevalent conditions: cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporosis. MEDLINE was searched for reports published between January 1, 1990 and August 6, 2010 and additional studies were identified through searches of bibliographies. 9156 abstracts and 93 articles were reviewed to identify empirical studies of women with physical disability who were 45 years or older and that reported CVD or osteoporosis as an outcome and not a cause of the disability. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were then critically appraised to exclude poor quality studies. In seven articles that evaluated CVD outcomes, we found limited evidence to support an increased risk of prevalence of CVD or risk factors for CVD in women aging with physical disabilities compared to non-disabled control populations. The literature is limited by small sample sizes that reduced statistical power to detect true differences. No articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified to evaluate osteoporosis risk in this group. This review is limited by the narrow focus on physical disabilities and two health outcomes. Additional high quality empirical research is necessary to understand the risks to health of women aging with disabilities.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 21075569
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.10.004 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023Although sexuality, reproductive health, and starting a family are human rights that should be guaranteed for all citizens, they are still taboo issues for people with... (Review)
Review
Although sexuality, reproductive health, and starting a family are human rights that should be guaranteed for all citizens, they are still taboo issues for people with intellectual disability (ID), and even more so for women with ID. This paper systematically reviews the current qualitative and quantitative evidence on the rights of people with ID in regard to Articles 23 (right to home and family) and 25 (health, specifically sexual and reproductive health) of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). A systematic review of the current literature, following PRISMA 2020, was carried out in ERIC, PsychInfo, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science. In all, 151 articles were included for review. The studies were categorized into six themes: attitudes, intimate relationships, sexual and reproductive health, sexuality and sex education, pregnancy, and parenthood. There are still many barriers that prevent people with ID from fully exercising their right to sexuality, reproductive health, and parenthood, most notably communicative and attitudinal barriers. These findings underline the need to continue advancing the rights of people with ID, relying on Schalock and Verdurgo's eight-dimensional quality of life model as the ideal conceptual framework for translating such abstract concepts into practice and policy.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Intellectual Disability; Quality of Life; Reproductive Health; Sexual Behavior; Sexuality; Disabled Persons; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
PubMed: 36674341
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021587 -
Disability and Rehabilitation 2015This meta-analysis examined the effects of foot orthoses (FO) on pain and disability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
This meta-analysis examined the effects of foot orthoses (FO) on pain and disability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.
METHODS
MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, SPORT Scielo, and CINAHL were searched through July 2014 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of orthoses on pain and disability in RA patients. Two reviewers selected studies independently. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I(2) test.
RESULTS
Three studies, involving 110 patients who received FO and 108 control patients, met the study criteria. Relative to controls, FO had a positive impact on pain (WMD 0.40; 95% CI 0.04-0.57). Between group differences in disability were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
FO may improve pain in RA patients, but their impact on disability remains undetermined. Additional large RCTs are needed to investigate the effects of these devices in RA patients. Implications for Rehabilitation The use of foot orthoses (FO) often part of the conservative treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the indication of these devices is usually empiric. Thus, the results of this meta-analysis can provide guidance to rehabilitation professionals to undertake these devices to therapeutic programs. There is no consensus among rehabilitation professionals regarding the efficacy of FO improved pain and disability in patients with RA. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that the use of the FO improves pain but has no impact on disability. Thus, rehabilitation professionals, from reading this article will make clear to their patients that benefit of the FO is exclusively in pain improvement. Healthcare professionals and organizations should take into account the costs of production of FO during the definition of the therapeutic program. In case of low cost, the effect on improvement of pain in the feet can justify the indication of these devices to a patient with RA.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Disabled Persons; Foot Orthoses; Humans; Pain Management; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 25249238
DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2014.961654 -
F1000Research 2022Physical activity, including aerobic exercise, is highly recommended for chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients to improve pain intensity and functional disability. To...
Physical activity, including aerobic exercise, is highly recommended for chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients to improve pain intensity and functional disability. To assess the effectiveness of different aerobic exercises to reduce pain intensity and functional disability in patients with CLBP. A computer-aided search was performed to find Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness of different aerobic exercises in CLBP. Articles published between January 2007 to December 2020 were included in the review. Quality assessment using the PEDro scale, extraction of relevant information, and evaluation of outcomes were done by two reviewers independently. A total of 17 studies were included that involved 1146 participants. Outcomes suggested that aerobic exercise combined with other interventions was more effective than aerobic exercise alone. Aerobic exercise with higher frequency (≥ 5 days/week) and longer duration (≥ 12 weeks) were effective to gain clinically significant (≥ 30%) improvements. Environment and using pedometer did not seem to influence the outcomes. Pain intensity and functional disability in CLBP patients can be minimized by prescribing aerobic exercise. However, to get better improvements, aerobic exercise should be done in combination with other interventions and at optimum frequency and duration. Further studies should emphasize examining the optimal doses and duration of different aerobic exercises.
Topics: Humans; Low Back Pain; Exercise Therapy; Pain Measurement; Exercise; Disabled Persons
PubMed: 37854288
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.75440.2