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International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Maresins are lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, capable of promoting tissue regeneration and... (Review)
Review
Maresins are lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, capable of promoting tissue regeneration and potentially serving as a therapeutic agent for chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review was to systematically investigate preclinical and clinical studies on maresin to inform translational research. Two independent reviewers performed comprehensive searches with the term "Maresin (NOT) Review" on PubMed. A total of 137 studies were included and categorized into 11 human organ systems. Data pertinent to clinical translation were specifically extracted, including delivery methods, optimal dose response, and specific functional efficacy. Maresins generally exhibit efficacy in treating inflammatory diseases, attenuating inflammation, protecting organs, and promoting tissue regeneration, mostly in rodent preclinical models. The nervous system has the highest number of original studies ( = 25), followed by the cardiovascular system, digestive system, and respiratory system, each having the second highest number of studies ( = 18) in the field. Most studies considered systemic delivery with an optimal dose response for mouse animal models ranging from 4 to 25 μg/kg or 2 to 200 ng via intraperitoneal or intravenous injection respectively, whereas human in vitro studies ranged between 1 and 10 nM. Although there has been no human interventional clinical trial yet, the levels of MaR1 in human tissue fluid can potentially serve as biomarkers, including salivary samples for predicting the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and periodontal diseases; plasma and synovial fluid levels of MaR1 can be associated with treatment response and defining pathotypes of rheumatoid arthritis. Maresins exhibit great potency in resolving disease inflammation and bridging tissue regeneration in preclinical models, and future translational development is warranted.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chronic Disease; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Inflammation; Macrophages
PubMed: 37446190
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311012 -
Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Nov 2022Severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are associated with alterations in blood cells that regulate immunity, inflammation, and hemostasis. We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between the neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and COVID-19 progression and mortality.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are associated with alterations in blood cells that regulate immunity, inflammation, and hemostasis. We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between the neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and COVID-19 progression and mortality.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published between January 2020 and June 2022.
RESULTS
In 71 studies reporting the investigated parameters within 48 hours of admission, higher NLR (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.27, p < 0.0001), relative neutrophilia (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.46 to 1.80, p < 0.0001), relative lymphopenia (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.08, p < 0.001), and relative thrombocytopenia (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.22, p < 0.001), but not PLR (p = 0.11), were significantly associated with disease progression and mortality. Between-study heterogeneity was large-to-extreme. The magnitude and direction of the effect size were not modified in sensitivity analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
NLR and neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet count significantly discriminate COVID-19 patients with different progression and survival outcomes. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021267875).
Topics: Humans; Platelet Count; Neutrophils; Lymphocyte Count; COVID-19; Prognosis; Lymphocytes; Blood Platelets; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36047369
DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2022.2120472 -
Journal of Immunology Research 2023Spontaneous preterm birth is one of the most common pregnancy complications in obstetric clinical practice, and its etiology is complex. The problems of low survival and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Spontaneous preterm birth is one of the most common pregnancy complications in obstetric clinical practice, and its etiology is complex. The problems of low survival and high morbidity rates of premature infants need to be solved urgently. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) are two novel biomarkers of inflammation, and several studies have linked PLR and LMR to spontaneous preterm birth. These systematic review and meta-analysis are aimed at analyzing the relationship between PLR and LMR in patients with spontaneous preterm birth to provide new ideas for the early prevention and treatment of spontaneous preterm births.
METHODS
Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were inspected to gather PLR and LMR in patients with spontaneous preterm birth, all from the database to February 2022. Interstudy heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's test and statistic. Differences in PLR and LMR between patients with spontaneous preterm birth and full-term controls were evaluated by computing standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Publication bias and sensitivity analyses were also performed.
RESULTS
Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed that serum PLR values were remarkably larger for patients with spontaneous preterm birth than for full-term controls (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.84, = 0.007), whereas the difference between serum LMR in patients with spontaneous preterm birth and full-term controls was not statistically significant (SMD: 0.35, 95% CI: -0.18, 0.88, = 0.199). The results of Begg's and Egger's tests revealed that the publication bias of the meta-analysis was not significant. The outcomes of the sensitivity analysis showed that the individual studies did not influence the meta-analysis results.
CONCLUSIONS
Current evidence shows that PLR is strongly associated with spontaneous preterm birth, whereas LMR is not. PLR has a certain clinical value in diagnosing and treating spontaneous preterm births, and our research will provide strong theoretical support for clinical work. In the future, it will be necessary to further explore the reasons for the increased PLR in the serum of patients with spontaneous preterm birth and other mechanisms inducing spontaneous preterm birth.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Monocytes; Premature Birth; Lymphocytes; Blood Platelets; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36814523
DOI: 10.1155/2023/6841344 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Whether neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an applicative predictor of poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. In... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Whether neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an applicative predictor of poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. In response to the current conflicting data, this meta-analysis was conducted to gain a comprehensive and systematic understanding of prognostic value of NLR in HCC.
METHODS
Several English databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, with an update date of February 25, 2023, were systematically searched. We set the inclusion criteria to include randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies that reported the prognostic value of serum NLR levels in patients with HCC receiving treatment. Both the combined ratio (OR) and the diagnosis ratio (DOR) were used to assess the prognostic performance of NLR. Additionally, we completed the risk of bias assessment by Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool.
RESULTS
This meta-analysis ultimately included 16 studies with a total of 4654 patients with HCC. The results showed that high baseline NLR was significantly associated with poor prognosis or recurrence of HCC. The sensitivity of 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]. 0.59-0.73); specificity of 0.723 (95% CI: 0.64-0.78) and DOR of 5.0 (95% CI: 4.0-7.0) were pooled estimated from patient-based analyses. Subsequently, the combined positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLHR) were calculated with the results of 2.4 (95% CI: 1.9-3.0) and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.39-0.56), respectively. In addition, area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) reflecting prognostic accuracy was calculated to be 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71-0.78). The results of subgroup analysis suggested that high NLR was an effective predictive factor of poor prognosis in HCC in mainland China as well as in the northern region.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that high baseline NLR is an excellent predictor of poor prognosis or relapse in patients with HCC, especially those from high-incidence East Asian populations.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42023440640.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Neutrophils; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Lymphocytes; Prognosis
PubMed: 37809083
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211399 -
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine :... May 2018Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) presents a tumor microenvironment rich in inflammatory cells. Depending on the stimulus, macrophages can polarize in M1 or M2... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) presents a tumor microenvironment rich in inflammatory cells. Depending on the stimulus, macrophages can polarize in M1 or M2 profile, where M1 acts as proinflammatory and antitumor, and M2 is anti-inflammatory and shows protumor activity. Several studies have shown that macrophages are important to the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the role of macrophages in the prognosis of OSCC patients. A search in the Pubmed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge database was performed, and it was included only studies that evaluated the importance of macrophages in the prognosis of OSCC patients. From initial 286 articles, 14 fully attended the inclusion criteria. In the majority of the articles, it was evaluated only CD68, a panmacrophage marker, or CD163, a M2 marker. Only one article evaluated the M1 marker, CD11c. Besides, 5 articles analyzed the presence of macrophages in different areas of the tumor. Higher concentrations of CD68 and CD163 were associated with worse survival. In conclusion, macrophages are important to OSCC patients' prognosis; however, it is necessary to address in which tumor region the presence of polarized macrophage is more important to the outcome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Databases, Bibliographic; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Receptors, Cell Surface; Tumor Microenvironment; Young Adult
PubMed: 28940738
DOI: 10.1111/jop.12643 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021Nanoparticles (NPs) are promising platforms for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools. One of the main hurdle to their medical application and translation... (Review)
Review
Nanoparticles (NPs) are promising platforms for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools. One of the main hurdle to their medical application and translation into the clinic is the fact that they accumulate in the spleen and liver due to opsonization and scavenging by the mononuclear phagocyte system. The "protein corona" controls the fate of NPs in vivo and becomes the interface with cells, influencing their physiological response like cellular uptake and targeting efficiency. For these reasons, the surface properties play a pivotal role in fouling and antifouling behavior of particles. Therefore, surface engineering of the nanocarriers is an extremely important issue for the design of useful diagnostic and therapeutic systems. In recent decades, a huge number of studies have proposed and developed different strategies to improve antifouling features and produce NPs as safe and performing as possible. However, it is not always easy to compare the various approaches and understand their advantages and disadvantages in terms of interaction with biological systems. Here, we propose a systematic study of literature with the aim of summarizing current knowledge on promising antifouling coatings to render NPs more biocompatible and performing for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Thirty-nine studies from 2009 were included and investigated. Our findings have shown that two main classes of non-fouling materials (i.e., pegylated and zwitterionic) are associated with NPs and their applications are discussed here highlighting pitfalls and challenges to develop biocompatible tools for diagnostic and therapeutic uses. In conclusion, although the complexity of biofouling strategies and the field is still young, the collective data selected in this review indicate that a careful tuning of surface moieties is a pivotal step to lead NPs through their future clinical applications.
PubMed: 33803884
DOI: 10.3390/nano11030780 -
Surgical Oncology Mar 2014There is increasing evidence to suggest that cancer-associated inflammation is associated with poorer long-term outcomes. Various markers have been studied over the past... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
There is increasing evidence to suggest that cancer-associated inflammation is associated with poorer long-term outcomes. Various markers have been studied over the past decade in an attempt to improve selection of patients for surgery. This meta-analysis explored the association between the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and prognosis following curative-intent surgery for solid tumours.
METHODS
Studies were identified from US National Library of Medicine (Medline) and the Exerpta Medica database (EBASE) performed in March 2013. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to generate combined hazard ratios for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).
RESULTS
Forty-nine studies containing 14282 patients were included. Elevated NLR was associated with poorer overall survival [HR: 1.92, 95% CI (1.64-2.24)] (p < 0.001) and disease-free survival [HR: 1.99, 95% CI (1.80-2.20)] (p < 0.001). Significant heterogeneity was found with an I(2) of 77% and 97% for OS and DFS respectively. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that gastro-intestinal malignancies; mainly gastric [HR: 1.97, 95% CI (1.41-2.76)], colorectal [HR: 1.65, 95% CI (1.21-2.26)] and oesophageal [HR: 1.48, 95% CI (0.91-2.42)] cancers were predictive of OS (I(2) = 54.3%). A separate analysis for studies using an NLR cutoff of 5 demonstrated significantly poorer outcomes [HR: 2.18, 95% CI (1.74-2.73)] (p = 0.002) with less heterogeneity (I(2) = 58%).
CONCLUSION
Elevated NLR correlates with poorer prognosis. It potentially represents a simple, robust and reliable measure that may be useful in identifying high-risk groups who could benefit from adjuvant therapy.
Topics: Humans; Lymphocytes; Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Preoperative Care; Prognosis; Survival Rate
PubMed: 24378193
DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2013.12.001 -
European Respiratory Review : An... Sep 2023Peripheral blood monocyte counts have been associated with poor outcomes in interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, studies are limited by variable biomarker... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Peripheral blood monocyte counts have been associated with poor outcomes in interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, studies are limited by variable biomarker thresholds, analytic approaches and heterogenous populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis characterised the relationship between monocytes and clinical outcomes in ILD.
METHODS
Electronic database searches were performed. Two reviewers screened abstracts and extracted data. Pooled estimates (hazard ratios (HRs)) of monocyte count thresholds were calculated for their association with mortality using ≥0.6×10 and >0.9×10 cells·L for unadjusted models and ≥0.95×10 cells·L for adjusted models, using random effects, with heterogeneity and bias assessed. Disease progression associated with monocytes >0.9×10cells·L was also calculated.
RESULTS
Of 3279 abstracts, 13 were included in the systematic review and eight in the meta-analysis. The pooled unadjusted HR for mortality for monocyte counts ≥0.6×10 cells·L was 1.71 (95% CI 1.34-2.19, p<0.001, I=0%) and for monocyte counts >0.90×10 cells·L it was 2.44 (95% CI 1.53-3.87, p=0.0002, I=52%). The pooled adjusted HR for mortality for monocyte counts ≥0.95×10 cells·L was 1.93 (95% CI 1.24-3.01, p=0.0038 I=69%). The pooled HR for disease progression associated with increased monocyte counts was 1.83 (95% CI 1.40-2.39, p<0.0001, I=28%).
CONCLUSIONS
Peripheral blood monocyte counts were associated with an increased risk of mortality and disease progression in patients with ILD.
Topics: Humans; Monocytes; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Patients; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37673424
DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0072-2023 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Feb 2023The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel biomarker to predict the prognosis of some malignant tumors based on neutrophil, platelet, and lymphocyte counts.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel biomarker to predict the prognosis of some malignant tumors based on neutrophil, platelet, and lymphocyte counts. Evidence is scarce about the prognostic value of SII for prostate cancer patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore the prognostic value of the SII in prostate cancer.
METHODS
The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases were searched to determine eligible studies from inception to August 15, 2022. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted to pool the results. Statistical analyses were conducted by using Stata 17.0 software.
RESULTS
A total of 12 studies with 8083 patients were included. The quantitative synthesis showed that a high SII was related to poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.23-1.69, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a subgroup analysis showed that a high SII was associated with poor OS in the groups of any ethnicity, tumor type, and cutoff value. An increased SII was also associated with inferior progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.27-2.56, p = 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, a high SII value was related to poor PFS in Asian patients (HR = 4.03, 95% CI 1.07-15.17, p = 0.04) and a cutoff value > 580 (HR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.36, p = 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Based on the current evidence, a high pretreatment SII may be associated with poor OS and PFS. The SII may serve as an important prognostic indicator in patients with prostate cancer. More rigorously designed studies are needed to explore the SII and the prognosis of prostate cancer.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Biomarkers; Inflammation; Prostatic Neoplasms; Neutrophils
PubMed: 36739407
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03924-y -
BMC Women's Health Nov 2023The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compile existing evidence on the significance of the NLR in predicting endometriosis in order to aid... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compile existing evidence on the significance of the NLR in predicting endometriosis in order to aid clinical decision-making and outcomes.
METHODS
We searched ProQuest, Web of Science, and PubMed for related studies published before January 2, 2023. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported for each outcome. Because a significant level of heterogeneity was found, we used the random-effects model to calculate pooled effects. We used Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for quality assessment.
RESULTS
Overall, 18 article with were included in the analysis. A random-effect model revealed that patients with endometriosis had elevated levels of NLR compared to healthy controls (SMD = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.33 to 1.25, P < 0.001). Patients with endometriosis had elevated levels of NLR compared to those with other benign tumors (SMD = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.17 to 1.53, P = 0.014). In addition, NLR level of patients with stage III and IV endometriosis was not different from that of patients with stage I and II endometrioma (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI = -0.14 to 0.74, P = 0.18). However, NLR level was not different between endometriosis patients with and without peritoneal lesions (SMD = -0.12, 95% CI = -0.34to 0.10, P = 0.28), between patients with and without endometrioma (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI = -0.15 to 0.55, P = 0.26) and between endometriosis patients with and without deep lesions (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI = -0.20 to 0.28, P = 0.72). The pooled sensitivity of NLR was 0.67 (95% CI = 0.60-0.73), and the pooled specificity was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.62-0.73).
CONCLUSIONS
NLR might be utilized in clinics as a possible predictor to help clinicians diagnose endometriosis in affected women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Endometriosis; Neutrophils; Lymphocytes; Peritoneal Diseases
PubMed: 37936116
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02692-7