-
Nutrients Nov 2023Multiple studies have indicated that distinct metabolites are involved in the occurrence and development of osteopenia (ON) and osteoporosis (OP); however, these... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Multiple studies have indicated that distinct metabolites are involved in the occurrence and development of osteopenia (ON) and osteoporosis (OP); however, these metabolites in OP and ON have not yet been classified and standardized. This systematic review and meta-analysis included 21 articles aiming to investigate the distinct metabolites in patients with ON and OP. The quality of the included articles was generally high; seventeen studies had >7 stars, and the remaining four received 6 stars. This systematic review showed that three metabolites (phosphatidylcholine (PC) (lipid metabolites), galactose (carbohydrate metabolites), and succinic acid (other metabolites)) increased, four (glycylglycine (gly-gly), cystine (amino acids), sphingomyelin (SM) (lipid metabolites) and glucose (carbohydrate metabolites)) decreased, and five (glutamine, hydroxyproline, taurine (amino acids), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (lipid metabolites), and lactate (other metabolites)) had conflicting directions in OP/ON. The results of the meta-analysis show that gly-gly (MD = -0.77, 95%CI -1.43 to -0.11, = 0.02) and cystine (MD = -5.52, 95%CI -7.35 to -3.68, < 0.00001) decreased in the OP group compared with the healthy control group. Moreover, LPC (MD = 1.48, 95%CI 0.11 to 2.86, = 0.03) increased in the OP group compared with the healthy control group. These results indicate that distinct metabolites were associated with ON and OP, which could be considered a predictor for OP.
Topics: Humans; Cystine; Osteoporosis; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Amino Acids; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 38068753
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234895 -
Progress in Lipid Research Apr 2023Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is based on invasive and expensive biomarkers. Regarding AD pathophysiological mechanisms, there is evidence of a link between AD and... (Review)
Review
Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is based on invasive and expensive biomarkers. Regarding AD pathophysiological mechanisms, there is evidence of a link between AD and aberrant lipid homeostasis. Alterations in lipid composition have been observed in blood and brain samples, and transgenic mouse models represent a promising approach. Nevertheless, there is great variability among studies in mice for the determination of different types of lipids in targeted and untargeted methods. It could be explained by the different variables (model, age, sex, analytical technique), and experimental conditions used. The aim of this work is to review the studies on lipid alteration in brain tissue and blood samples from AD mouse models, focusing on different experimental parameters. As result, great disparity has been observed among the reviewed studies. Brain studies showed an increase in gangliosides, sphingomyelins, lysophospholipids and monounsaturated fatty acids and a decrease in sulfatides. In contrast, blood studies showed an increase in phosphoglycerides, sterols, diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a decrease in phospholipids, lysophospholipids and monounsaturated fatty acids. Thus, lipids are closely related to AD, and a consensus on lipidomics studies could be used as a diagnostic tool and providing insight into the mechanisms involved in AD.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Lipidomics; Lysophospholipids; Mice, Transgenic
PubMed: 36871907
DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101223 -
Journal of Reproductive Immunology Sep 2017Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition that is associated with thrombosis and morbidity in pregnancy. The exact mechanisms by which these... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition that is associated with thrombosis and morbidity in pregnancy. The exact mechanisms by which these associations occur appear to be heterogeneous and are not yet well understood. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze publications in recent years to better understand the diagnosis and its contribution to monitoring APS among women with recurrent miscarriage (RM). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Knowledge databases, with articles published between 2010 and 2014, according to the PRISMA statement. Of the 85 identified studies, nine were selected. Most of the studies reported an association between recurrent miscarriage and specific antiphospholipid antibodies, as anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), lupus anticoagulant (LA), anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) and antiphosphatidylserine (aPS), which showed a relationship with RM. The main result of the meta-analysis revealed association between antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) and/or APS compared to the patients with RM (OR: 0.279; 95% CI: 0.212-0.366) and APS cases compared to the patients with RM (OR: 0.083; 95% CI: 0.036-0.189). High heterogeneity among these studies (I=100.0%, p <0.001) was observed. In addition, there was no significant publication bias across studies according to Begg's test (p=0.230), although Egger's test (p=0.037) suggests significant publication bias. The funnel plot was slightly asymmetrical. Systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated a positive association between antiphospholipid antibodies and/or antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with recurrent miscarriage.
Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Adult; Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Female; Humans; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Monitoring, Physiologic; Phosphatidylserines; Pregnancy; Publication Bias; Reference Standards
PubMed: 28985591
DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.09.007 -
Clinical Biochemistry Sep 2018Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a glycerylether lipid and one of the most potent endogenous mediators of inflammation. Through its binding to a well-characterized... (Review)
Review
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a glycerylether lipid and one of the most potent endogenous mediators of inflammation. Through its binding to a well-characterized receptor it initiates a plethora of cellular pro-inflammatory actions participating by this way to the pathology of most chronic diseases, including cardiovascular and renal diseases, CNS decline and cancer. Among the variety of prudent dietary patterns, Mediterranean Diet (MD) is the dietary pattern with the strongest evidence for its ability to prevent the same chronic diseases. In addition, micronutrients and extracts from several components and characteristic food of the MD can favorably modulate PAF's actions and metabolism either directly or indirectly. However, the role of this traditional diet on PAF metabolism and actions has rarely been studied before. This systematic review summarizes, presents and discusses the outcomes of epidemiologic and intervention studies in humans, investigating the relationships between PAF status and MD. Seventeen full-text articles trying to interlink the components of MD and PAF are found and presented. The results are inconsistent due to the variability of the measured indices and methodology followed. However, preliminary results indicate that the characteristic "healthy" components of the MD, especially, cereals, legumes, vegetables, fish and wine can favorably modulate the pro-inflammatory actions of PAF and regulate its metabolism. Larger, well-controlled studies are necessary to elucidate whether the attenuation of PAF actions can mediate the preventive properties of MD against chronic diseases.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic Disease; Diet, Mediterranean; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Platelet Activating Factor
PubMed: 30142319
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.08.004 -
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Sep 2013Rupatadine fumarate is a second-generation antihistamine provided with a potent, long-lasting and balanced in vivo dual platelet-activating factor (PAF) and histamine... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Rupatadine fumarate is a second-generation antihistamine provided with a potent, long-lasting and balanced in vivo dual platelet-activating factor (PAF) and histamine antagonist activity and it uniquely combines both activities at a high level of potency. Rupatadine has a rapid onset of action and a long-lasting effect, so a once-daily dosing is permitted, moreover is well tolerated by young adults and the elders. Rupatadine does not present the side effects of first-generation H1-antihistamines, such as somnolence, fatigue, headache, impaired memory and learning, sedation, increased appetite, dry mouth, dry eyes, visual disturbances, constipation, urinary retention and erectile dysfunction.
AREAS COVERED
This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of rupatadine in chronic urticaria (CU) and acquired cold urticaria (ACU), through a systematic review of the literature.
EXPERT OPINION
Patients affected by urticaria are often discouraged because frequently their disease does not recognize a cause and it is unresponsive to treatments. Patients can control their symptoms assuming second-generation H1-antihistamines, such as rupatadine. Several randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials testify effectiveness and safety of rupatadine in CU and ACU. However, further clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of rupatadine in different urticaria subtypes and to test the safety of doses higher than 20 mg are encouraged.
Topics: Animals; Cyproheptadine; Histamine Antagonists; Humans; Platelet Activating Factor; Urticaria
PubMed: 23806068
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.813481 -
Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford,... Mar 2015The aim of this review was to focus on the knowledge of the role of lipin-1 in the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver. (Review)
Review
AIMS
The aim of this review was to focus on the knowledge of the role of lipin-1 in the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver.
METHODS
Systematic review of animal clinical and cell level studies related to the function of lipin-1 on alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic liver cirrhosis disease.
RESULT
Ethanol could increase the expression of lipin-1 through the AMPK-SREBP-1 signaling and dramatically increase the ratio of Lpin1β to Lpin1α by SIRT1-SFRS10-Lpin1β/α axis in the liver. Moreover, research has shown that over-expression of lipin-1 could also remarkably suppress very low density lipoprotein-triacylglyceride secretion. Last, lipin-1 has potent anti-inflammatory property.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, lipin-1 has dual functions in lipid metabolism. In the cytoplasm, lipin-1β functions as a Mg(2+)-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAP) enzyme in triglyceride synthesis pathways. In the nucleus, lipin-1α acts as a transcriptional co-regulator to regulate the capacity of the liver for fatty acid oxidation and activity of the lipogenic enzyme. In hepatocytes of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), ethanol increases the expression of lipin-1 through the AMPK-SREBP-1 signaling and the Lpin1β/α ratio by SIRT1-SFRS10- Lpin1β/α axis. Of course, in addition to that, ethanol could also produce the PAP activity and interrupt the nucleus function of lipin-1. Furthermore, over-expression of lipin-1 could remarkably suppress very low-density lipoprotein-triacylglyceride (VLDL-TAG) secretion. In the end, endogenous lipin-1 has potent anti-inflammatory property. Increased synthesis of TAG, decreased fatty acid oxidation, impaired VLDL-TAG secretion and activated inflammatory factors act together to exacerbate the development of AFLD.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic; Hepatitis, Alcoholic; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins, LDL; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Mice; Nuclear Proteins; Phosphatidate Phosphatase; RNA-Binding Proteins; Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors; Signal Transduction; Sirtuin 1; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; Triglycerides
PubMed: 25595739
DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu102 -
PloS One 2024To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
METHODS
Randomized controlled trials and prospective studies on antioxidant therapy in children and adolescents with ADHD were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the inception of databases to November 12, 2022. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Network meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration number CRD 42023382824) was carried out by using R Studio 4.2.1.
RESULTS
48 studies involving 12 antioxidant drugs (resveratrol, pycnogenol, omega-3, omega-6, quercetin, phosphatidylserine, almond, vitamin D, zinc, folic acid, ginkgo biloba, Acetyl-L-carnitine) were finally included, with 3,650 patients. Network meta-analysis showed that omega-6 (0.18), vitamin D (0.19), and quercetin (0.24) were the top three safest drugs according to SUCRA. The omega-3 (SUCRA 0.35), pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.36), and vitamin D (SUCRA 0.27) were the most effective in improving attention, hyperactivity, and total score of Conners' parent rating scale (CPRS), respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity, and total score of Conners' teacher rating scale (CTRS), pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.32), phosphatidylserine+omega-3 (SUCRA 0.26), and zinc (SUCRA 0.34) were the most effective, respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity and total score of ADHD Rating Scale-Parent, the optimal agents were phosphatidylserine (SUCRA 0.39), resveratrol+MPH (SUCRA 0.24), and phosphatidylserine (SUCRA 0.34), respectively. In terms of improving attention, hyperactivity and total score of ADHD Rating Scale-Teacher, pycnogenol (SUCRA 0.32), vitamin D (SUCRA 0.31) and vitamin D (SUCRA 0.18) were the optimal agents, respectively. The response rate of omega-3+6 was the highest in CGI (SUCRA 0.95) and CPT (SUCRA 0.42).
CONCLUSION
The rankings of safety and efficacy of the 12 antioxidants vary. Due to the low methodological quality of the included studies, the probability ranking cannot fully explain the clinical efficacy, and the results need to be interpreted with caution. More high-quality studies are still needed to verify our findings.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Antioxidants; Network Meta-Analysis; Resveratrol; Quercetin; Prospective Studies; Phosphatidylserines; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Vitamin D; Zinc
PubMed: 38547138
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296926 -
Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism 2013Sex hormones may influence the activity of enzymes which are involved in the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The objective of this review was to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Sex hormones may influence the activity of enzymes which are involved in the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The objective of this review was to assess the role of gender in determining the fatty acid composition of human samples, like plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipids, and adipose tissue.
METHODS
The method included a structured search strategy on MEDLINE, Scopus and the Cochrane databases, with formal inclusion/exclusion criteria, data extraction procedure and meta-analysis.
RESULTS
We evaluated 51 publications, dated from 1975 to 2011. Meta-analysis showed significantly lower values of both arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in total plasma lipids (32 and 33 studies) and in plasma phospholipids (PL; 21 and 23 studies) in men than in women. Primary analysis of the phospholipid fraction showed the mean difference in AA to be 0.42% weight/weight (95% CI: 0.18-0.65, n = 7,769) and in DHA 0.37% weight/weight (95% CI: 0.24-0.51, n = 8,541), while there was no gender difference in the values of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review based on 51 publications showed significantly lower contribution of AA and DHA to plasma total lipids and plasma PL in men than in women. Gender distribution should be regarded as a significant potential confounding factor in every study assessing data on fatty acid composition.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Arachidonic Acid; Biomarkers; Cholesterol Esters; Databases, Factual; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Erythrocyte Membrane; Female; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Male; Nutritional Status; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Sex Factors; Triglycerides; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 23327902
DOI: 10.1159/000345599 -
Inflammation Research : Official... Feb 2024One sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator is approved (ozanimod) and another (etrasimod) is under investigation for the induction and maintenance of remission... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators as an induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
One sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator is approved (ozanimod) and another (etrasimod) is under investigation for the induction and maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis (UC). We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of S1P modulators in patients with active UC.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which were retrieved by systematically searching: PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane through May 13th, 2023. We used the fixed-effect model to pool dichotomous data using risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Five RCTs with a total of 1990 patients were included. S1P receptor modulators were significantly associated with increased clinical response during both the induction (RR 1.71 with 95% CI [1.50, 1.94], P = 0.00001) and maintenance phases (RR 1.89 with 95% CI [1.33, 2.69], P = 0.0004); clinical remission rates during both induction (RR 2.76 with 95% CI [1.88, 4.05], P = 0.00001) and maintenance phases (RR 3.34 with 95% CI [1.41, 7.94], P = 0.006); endoscopic improvement during both induction (RR 2.15 with 95% CI [1.71, 2.70], P = 0.00001) and maintenance phases (RR 2.41 with 95% CI [1.15, 5.05], P = 0.02); and histologic remission during both induction (RR 2.60 with 95% CI [1.89, 3.57] [1.17, 2.10], P = 0.00001) and maintenance phases (RR 2.52 with 95% CI [1.89, 3.37], P = 0.00001). Finally, there was no difference regarding safety outcomes as compared to placebo in both the induction and maintenance phases.
CONCLUSION
S1P receptor modulators are effective in inducing and maintaining remission in patients with moderate to severe UC.
Topics: Humans; Colitis, Ulcerative; Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor Modulators; Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Lysophospholipids; Sphingosine
PubMed: 38153524
DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01829-6 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Lipids are a large group of natural compounds, together with proteins and carbohydrates, and are essential for various processes in the body. After death, the organism's... (Review)
Review
Lipids are a large group of natural compounds, together with proteins and carbohydrates, and are essential for various processes in the body. After death, the organism's tissues undergo a series of reactions that generate changes in some molecules, including lipids. This means that determining the lipid change profile can be beneficial in estimating the postmortem interval (PMI). These changes can also help determine burial sites and advance the localization of graves. The aim was to explore and analyze the decomposition process of corpses, focusing on the transformation of lipids, especially triglycerides (TGs) and fatty acids (FAs), and the possible application of these compounds as markers to estimate PMI and detect burial sites. A systematic review of 24 scientific articles from the last 23 years (2000-2023) was conducted. The results show that membrane glycerophospholipids (such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol, among others) are the most studied, and the most promising results are obtained, with decreasing patterns as PMI varies. Fatty acids (FAs) are also identified as potential biomarkers owing to the variations in their postmortem concentration. An increase in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), such as stearic acid and palmitic acid, and a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), such as oleic acid and linoleic acid, were observed. The importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in decomposition is also observed. Finally, as for the burial sites, the presence of fatty acids and some sterols in burial areas of animal and human remains can be verified. In conclusion, glycerophospholipids and fatty acids are good markers for estimating PMI. It has been observed that there are still no equations for estimating the PMI that can be applied to forensic practice, as intrinsic and extrinsic factors are seen to play a vital role in the decomposition process. As for determining burial sites, the importance of soil and textile samples has been demonstrated, showing a direct relationship between saturated fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids, and some sterols with decomposing remains.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lipidomics; Fatty Acids; Cadaver; Phytosterols; Sterols; Glycerophospholipids
PubMed: 38256058
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020984