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Nutrition Reviews May 2022Atherosclerosis is a disease of chronic inflammation. Recent research has identified 2 novel inflammatory biomarkers: platelet-activating factor (PAF) and...
CONTEXT
Atherosclerosis is a disease of chronic inflammation. Recent research has identified 2 novel inflammatory biomarkers: platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Diet has been proposed as a mediator of inflammation, but to date, the focus for these novel biomarkers has been on individual foods and nutrients rather than overall dietary patterns.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the literature on the association between dietary patterns and PAF and Lp-PLA2.
DATA SOURCES
The PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL literature databases were searched.
DATA ANALYSIS
Study quality was evaluated using the Quality Criteria Checklist. Sixteen studies (n = 4 observational and n = 12 interventional) were included and assessed for associations between dietary patterns and PAF and Lp-PLA2.
CONCLUSION
Study quality varied from neutral (n = 10) to positive (n = 6). Mediterranean, heart healthy, and vegetarian dietary patterns were associated with improved levels of PAF and Lp-PLA2. Conversely, Western dietary patterns were less favorable. A range of well-established, healthier dietary patterns may lower inflammation and the risk of atherosclerosis. More well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings and identify other dietary patterns that improve inflammation.
Topics: 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Humans; Inflammation; Platelet Activating Factor
PubMed: 34651191
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab051 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Aug 2023The purpose of this meta-analysis was to look at the differences in oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers between type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis (DMCP)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to look at the differences in oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers between type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis (DMCP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) patients.
BACKGROUND
Oxidative stress has been shown to be a key pathogenic component in DMCP. However, it is unclear whether oxidative stress levels differ in periodontitis patients with or without diabetes.
METHOD
A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Studies of DMCP participants were used as the experimental group and CP participants were used as the control group. Results are expressed as mean effects.
RESULTS
Of a total of 1989 articles, 19 met the inclusion criteria. We found the levels of catalase (CAT) levels were reduced in the DMCP group compared with the CP group. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) between the two groups. And high heterogeneity was observed in some of the studies evaluated.
CONCLUSION
Despite the limitations of this study, our results support the theory that there is an association between T2DM and the levels of OS-related biomarkers, especially CAT, in CP subjects, suggesting that OS plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of DMCP.
Topics: Humans; Chronic Periodontitis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Superoxide Dismutase; Biomarkers; Glutathione; Malondialdehyde
PubMed: 37282784
DOI: 10.1111/jre.13136 -
Cells May 2021Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), usually found and isolated from the T cell zone of lymph nodes, have recently been described as much more than simple structural...
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), usually found and isolated from the T cell zone of lymph nodes, have recently been described as much more than simple structural cells. Originally, these cells were described to form a conduit system called the "reticular fiber network" and for being responsible for transferring the lymph fluid drained from tissues through afferent lymphatic vessels to the T cell zone. However, nowadays, these cells are described as being capable of secreting several cytokines and chemokines and possessing the ability to interfere with the immune response, improving it, and also controlling lymphocyte proliferation. Here, we performed a systematic review of the several methods employed to investigate the mechanisms used by fibroblastic reticular cells to control the immune response, as well as their ability in determining the fate of T cells. We searched articles indexed and published in the last five years, between 2016 and 2020, in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane, following the PRISMA guidelines. We found 175 articles published in the literature using our searching strategies, but only 24 articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria and are discussed here. Other articles important in the built knowledge of FRCs were included in the introduction and discussion. The studies selected for this review used different strategies in order to access the contribution of FRCs to different mechanisms involved in the immune response: 21% evaluated viral infection in this context, 13% used a model of autoimmunity, 8% used a model of GvHD or cancer, 4% used a model of Ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI). Another four studies just targeted a particular signaling pathway, such as MHC II expression, FRC microvesicles, FRC secretion of IL-15, FRC network, or ablation of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-producing ectoenzyme autotaxin. In conclusion, our review shows the strategies used by several studies to isolate and culture fibroblastic reticular cells, the models chosen by each one, and dissects their main findings and implications in homeostasis and disease.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmunity; Cell Proliferation; Cytokines; Fibroblasts; Homeostasis; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Lymph; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Vessels; Lymphocytes; Lysophospholipids; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred NOD; Neoplasms; Reticulin; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 34068712
DOI: 10.3390/cells10051150 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Feb 2001To update the case-fatality rate (CFR) associated with invasive aspergillosis according to underlying conditions, site of infection, and antifungal therapy, data were... (Review)
Review
To update the case-fatality rate (CFR) associated with invasive aspergillosis according to underlying conditions, site of infection, and antifungal therapy, data were systematically reviewed and pooled from clinical trials, cohort or case-control studies, and case series of >/=10 patients with definite or probable aspergillosis. Subjects were 1941 patients described in studies published after 1995 that provided sufficient outcome data; cases included were identified by MEDLINE and EMBASE searches. The main outcome measure was the CFR. Fifty of 222 studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall CFR was 58%, and the CFR was highest for bone marrow transplant recipients (86.7%) and for patients with central nervous system or disseminated aspergillosis (88.1%). Amphotericin B deoxycholate and lipid formulations of amphotericin B failed to prevent death in one-half to two-thirds of patients. Mortality is high despite improvements in diagnosis and despite the advent of newer formulations of amphotericin B. Underlying patient conditions and the site of infection remain important prognostic factors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Case-Control Studies; Central Nervous System Fungal Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cohort Studies; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; MEDLINE; Male; Middle Aged; Neutropenia; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylglycerols; Prognosis
PubMed: 11170942
DOI: 10.1086/318483 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease associated with lipid metabolism. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that plays a key role in the development of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease associated with lipid metabolism. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that plays a key role in the development of autoimmune diseases. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive evidence of the effectiveness of S1P on psoriasis.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy and possible mechanism of S1P and its signal modulators in the treatment of psoriasis-like dermatitis.
METHODS
Six databases were searched through May 8, 2021, for studies reporting S1P and its signal modulators. Two reviewers independently extracted information from the enrolled studies. Methodological quality was assessed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze the data. For clinical studies, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score were the main outcomes. For preclinical studies, we clarified the role of S1P and its regulators in psoriasis in terms of phenotype and mechanism.
RESULTS
One randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial and nine animal studies were included in this study. The pooled results showed that compared with control treatment, S1P receptor agonists [mean difference (MD): -6.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): -8.23 to -5.38; p<0.00001], and sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitors (MD: -0.95; 95% CI: -1.26 to -0.65; p<0.00001) alleviated psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice. The mechanism of S1P receptor agonists in treating psoriasis might be related to a decrease in the number of white blood cells, topical lymph node weight, interleukin-23 mRNA levels, and percentage of CD3 T cells (p<0.05). Sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitors ameliorated psoriasis in mice, possibly by reducing spleen weight and cell numbers (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
S1P receptor agonists and sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitors could be potential methods for treating psoriasis by decreasing immune responses and inflammatory factors.
Topics: Animals; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lysophospholipids; Mice; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); Psoriasis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Receptors, Lysosphingolipid; Software; Sphingosine
PubMed: 34992595
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.759276 -
Journal of the American Dental... Feb 2000The authors discuss the local pharmacotherapy for chronic orofacial neuropathic pain disorders such as neuropathies, neuromas and neuralgias. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The authors discuss the local pharmacotherapy for chronic orofacial neuropathic pain disorders such as neuropathies, neuromas and neuralgias.
METHODS
The authors conducted a systematic literature review on this topic. The focus of the review involved the two most commonly applied medications for neuropathic disorders--local anesthetics and capsaicin. Other compounds such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sympathomimetic agents, anticonvulsants and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists also were reviewed. The medication delivery and retention methods appropriate for oral and perioral disease and pain control are described in this article.
RESULTS
There are an ever-increasing number of agents that can be used to help patients with neuropathic-based oral and perioral pain problems. Moreover, a clear advancement in the delivery of these medications is the development of a vehicle-carrier agent (pluronic lecithin organogel) that can penetrate the mucosa and cutaneous tissues and carry the active medication with it to the treatment site. The major caveat underlying these treatment strategies is that except for patient testimony and a few studies, there are limited empirical data on the efficacy of most of these new formulations, and additional research is clearly needed.
CONCLUSIONS
Because of their rapid onset and low side-effect profile, topical medications offer a distinct advantage over systemic administration for those orofacial disorders that are regional, near the surface and chronic and that demonstrate some response such as pain relief to topical or subcutaneous anesthetics.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Practicing dentists now have some new tools they can use to help manage patients who have a chronic nerve pain disorder in and around the mouth.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Local; Capsaicin; Cranial Nerve Diseases; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Facial Pain; Humans; Neuralgia; Neuroma; Phosphatidylcholines
PubMed: 10680386
DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2000.0146 -
Current Opinion in Obstetrics &... Feb 2000There has been growing interest in the possibility of screening for ovarian cancer. This article addresses papers published following a systematic review of all... (Review)
Review
There has been growing interest in the possibility of screening for ovarian cancer. This article addresses papers published following a systematic review of all prospective ovarian cancer screening studies since 1998. In the past year, new markers have been reported and previous strategies have been refined. A randomized controlled trial of ovarian cancer screening has shown a survival benefit in women who developed ovarian cancer in the screened group. Although the results do not justify ovarian cancer screening in the general population, the data support the need for a larger randomized trial powered to assess the impact of screening on mortality.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; CA-125 Antigen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Lysophospholipids; Mass Screening; Ovarian Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 10752515
DOI: 10.1097/00001703-200002000-00007 -
Thrombosis Research Oct 2022
Meta-Analysis
Role of anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome: Still matter of debate. Comment on: "Prevalence of aPhosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies and association with antiphospholipid antibody profiles in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review...
Topics: Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Humans; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; Phosphatidylserines; Prevalence; Prothrombin
PubMed: 36057166
DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.08.012 -
Cancer Medicine Feb 2023Cutaneous adverse effects (AEs) are common following the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors treatment. We aim to estimate the incidence and risk of PI3K... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Risk of cutaneous adverse events in cancer patients treated with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND
Cutaneous adverse effects (AEs) are common following the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors treatment. We aim to estimate the incidence and risk of PI3K inhibitor-related cutaneous AEs.
METHODS
The protocol was submitted to the PROSPERO registry. We searched ClinicalTrials.gov and international databases up to July 29, 2022. Meta-analysis was conducted by using risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
Fourteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising 3877 patients were analyzed in this study. Compared with control arms, PI3K inhibitors showed a significant increase in the risk of all-grade rash, high-grade rash, and serious rash events (RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.58-3.31, p < 0.00001; RR 9.34, 95% CI 4.21-20.69, p < 0.00001; RR 5.11, 95% CI 2.11-12.36, p = 0.0003). The overall incidences of all-grade rash and high-grade rash were 26.2% (592/2257) and 4.4% (66/1487). Subgroup analyses of all-grade rash according to cancer types and PI3K inhibitor assignations identified the significant associations. PI3K inhibitors also significantly increased the risk of pruritus and dry skin (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.14-2.33, p = 0.007; RR 3.34, 95% CI 2.30-4.85, p < 0.00001), with incidences of 13.4% (284/2115) and 9.8% (141/1436) in the treatment group.
CONCLUSION
There is a significantly increased risk of some cutaneous AEs in patients using PI3K inhibitors. Advance intervention is recommended in case of severe and life-threatening events. Further research is required to investigate the risk factors and pathogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Neoplasms; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; Exanthema; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphatidylinositols
PubMed: 35986570
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5153 -
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) Nov 2015To systematically review and establish the prevalence of antibody positivity in assays not currently included in the APS classification criteria to detect antibodies... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review and establish the prevalence of antibody positivity in assays not currently included in the APS classification criteria to detect antibodies directed against other phospholipids (PLs), PL binding proteins, coagulation factors and a mechanistic test for resistance of Annexin A5 (AnxA5) anticoagulant activity in APS and control populations.
METHODS
We searched PubMed and EMBASE using the key words APS, antiphospholipid antibodies, non-criteria, new assays, IgA anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, anti-Domain I, IgA anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies, antiphosphatidylserine, anti-phosphatidylethanolamine, anti-phosphatidic acid, antiprothrombin, antiphosphatidylserine-prothtombin, anti-vimentin/cardiolipin complex and Annexin A5 resistance. Studies that met inclusion criteria to describe prevalence of non-criteria aPLs in APS patients (n > 10), disease and healthy control subjects were systematically examined.
RESULTS
We selected 16 retrospective studies of 1404 APS patients, 1839 disease control and 797 healthy controls. The highest prevalence of non-criteria aPLs in the largest number of patients with APS was found in IgA anti-β2GPI studies (129/229, 56.3%), AnxA5R (87/163, 53.4%) and IgG anti-Domain I (241/548, 44.0%).
CONCLUSION
Our finding of a significantly high prevalence of all non-criteria aPLs studied in patients with APS compared with controls was tempered by wide variation in sample size, retrospective collection, assay methodology and different determination of positivity. Therefore, prospective studies of sufficient size and appropriate methodology are required to evaluate the significance of these assays and their utility in the management of patients with APS.
Topics: Annexin A5; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Case-Control Studies; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Phospholipids; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; beta 2-Glycoprotein I
PubMed: 26152548
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev226