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Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas May 2017Actinic keratosis is a precursor lesion to the most common nonmelanoma skin cancer. Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be effective, but the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Actinic keratosis is a precursor lesion to the most common nonmelanoma skin cancer. Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be effective, but the procedure is time-consuming, can be very painful, and requires infrastructure. These shortcomings led to the emergence of daylight PDT. To obtain a global estimate of efficacy, we undertook a systematic literature review and performed a meta-analysis of the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of daylight PDT as compared to conventional PDT in the treatment of actinic keratosis and/or field cancerization. The conclusion is that the difference in efficacy is clinically negligible (global estimate of the mean response rate difference, -3.69%; 95% CI, -6.54% to -0.84%). The adverse effects of daylight PDT are mild and localized (79% of patients report no discomfort), and patients report less pain (P<.001). Daylight PDT gives good to excellent cosmetic results in more than 90% of patients, and patient satisfaction is greater (P<.001).
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Esthetics; Humans; Keratosis, Actinic; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Oxidation-Reduction; Pain; Patient Satisfaction; Photochemistry; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sunlight; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 28063524
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.09.020 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Mar 2018We researched articles that used photodynamic therapy (PDT) for skin wound healing in humans. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
We researched articles that used photodynamic therapy (PDT) for skin wound healing in humans.
METHODS
The systematic review was conducted through scientific articles that investigated the action of PDT on wound healing in humans, published from July 2005 to March 2017, in the data bases PubMed and LILACS.
RESULTS
The main types of wound described in selected articles in this review were chronic ulcer and non-melanoma skin cancer. For accomplishing the PDT, second generation of photosensitizing agents with laser or light emitting diode were used. The studies demonstrated that PDT contribute in several ways to the wound healing process: leading to cellular death; reducing or increasing inflammation; stimulating fibroblasts proliferation and, consequently, of collagen and elastin; raising transforming growth factor beta and metalloproteinases. Based on this, PDT provided good results in wound healing process, acting in several steps and accelerating tissue repair.
CONCLUSIONS
PDT improved healing in many wound models in humans, revealing itself as a promising therapeutic modality for stimulating wound healing and remodelling.
Topics: Cell Death; Collagen; Elastin; Fibroblasts; Humans; Metalloproteases; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Ulcer; Transforming Growth Factors; Wound Healing
PubMed: 29289704
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.12.015 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2019Use of sonication for designing and fabricating reactors, especially the deposition of catalysts inside a microreactor, is a modern approach. There are many reports that...
Use of sonication for designing and fabricating reactors, especially the deposition of catalysts inside a microreactor, is a modern approach. There are many reports that prove that a microreactor is a better setup compared with batch reactors for carrying out catalytic reactions. Microreactors have better energy efficiency, reaction rate, safety, a much finer degree of process control, better molecular diffusion, and heat-transfer properties compared with the conventional batch reactor. The use of microreactors for photocatalytic reactions is also being considered to be the appropriate reactor configuration because of its improved irradiation profile, better light penetration through the entire reactor depth, and higher spatial illumination homogeneity. Ultrasound has been used efficiently for the synthesis of materials, degradation of organic compounds, and fuel production, among other applications. The recent increase in energy demands, as well as the stringent environmental stress due to pollution, have resulted in the need to develop green chemistry-based processes to generate and remove contaminants in a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective manner. It is possible to carry out the synthesis and deposition of catalysts inside the reactor using the ultrasound-promoted method in the microfluidic system. In addition, the synergistic effect generated by photocatalysis and sonochemistry in a microreactor can be used for the production of different chemicals, which have high value in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. The current review highlights the use of both photocatalysis and sonochemistry for developing microreactors and their applications.
Topics: Catalysis; Equipment Design; Microfluidics; Nanoparticles; Photochemistry; Sonication; Ultrasonics
PubMed: 31547232
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183315 -
Photochemistry and Photobiology Nov 2015After a critical review of the fundamental equations describing photobiological and photochemical processes occurring in a medium exposed to a quasi-collimated... (Review)
Review
After a critical review of the fundamental equations describing photobiological and photochemical processes occurring in a medium exposed to a quasi-collimated monochromatic UV light beam, the analysis in this review is extended to analogous processes driven by polychromatic UV light, such as that emitted by medium pressure mercury-vapor arc lamps. The analysis is based on the Second Law of Photochemistry, namely that all photochemical events must be independent, and the rate of such events must be proportional to the rate of photon absorption. A consistent application of the Second Law of Photochemistry leads to a concept change; hence it is proposed herein to use photon fluence and photon fluence rate, rather than fluence (UV dose) and fluence rate, respectively, in the analysis and interpretation of photobiological and photochemical processes. As a consequence, many equations that have been used in the past must be revised, and some experimental information (e.g. action spectra) needs to be re-analyzed.
Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Photobiology; Photons; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 26277478
DOI: 10.1111/php.12512 -
Chemosphere Jan 2021Photocatalytic remediation of industrial water pollution has courted intense attention lately due to its touted green approach. In this respect, Keggin-based...
Photocatalytic remediation of industrial water pollution has courted intense attention lately due to its touted green approach. In this respect, Keggin-based polyoxometalates (POMs) as green solid acids in photocatalytic reaction possess superior qualities, viz. unique photoinduced charge-transfer properties, strong photooxidative-photoreductive ability, high chemical and thermal stability, and so forth. Unfortunately, it suffers from a large bandgap energy, low specific surface area, low recoverability, and scarce utilization in narrow absorption range. Therefore, the pollutant degradation performance is not satisfactory. Consequently, multifarious research to enhance the photocatalytic performance of Keggin-based POMs were reported, viz. via novel modifications and functionalizations through a variety of materials, inclusive of, inter alia, metal oxides, transition metals, noble metals, and others. In order to advocate this emerging technology, current review work provides a systematic overview on recent advancement, initiated from the strategized synthetic methods, followed by hierarchical enhancement and intensification process, at the same time emphasizes on the fundamental working principles of Keggin-based POM nanocomposites. By reviewing and summarizing the efforts adopted global-wide, this review is ended with providing useful outlooks for future studies. It is also anticipated to shed light on producing Keggin-based POM nanocomposites with breakthrough visible- and solar-light-driven photocatalytic performance against recalcitrant organic waste.
Topics: Metals; Tungsten Compounds
PubMed: 33297191
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128244