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Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2020also known as the custard apple is a hybrid between two Annonaceae species: Cherimoya () and the sugar apple (). It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical... (Review)
Review
also known as the custard apple is a hybrid between two Annonaceae species: Cherimoya () and the sugar apple (). It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical continents including north and south America, Asia, Africa and Australia. Despite becoming an increasingly important commercial fruit plant due to its' creamy succulent flesh, compared to other Annonaceae species relatively few studies have investigated the phytochemistry and bioactivities of . Studies that evaluated extracts and its constituents were searched through the databases Scopus, Pubmed and Embase from inception to June 2020. Constituents of include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes and acetogenins. The results indicate that the constituents of possess cytotoxic, anti-angiogenic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. However, many of these studies are currently limited in quality and further phytochemical and pharmacological studies are required.
PubMed: 32987818
DOI: 10.3390/ph13100269 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Aug 2014Acne is prevalent among adolescents and adults with significant psychological effects. Standard oral and topical therapies can have significant side effects including... (Review)
Review
Acne is prevalent among adolescents and adults with significant psychological effects. Standard oral and topical therapies can have significant side effects including skin irritation, gastrointestinal upset, and the development of drug-resistant bacteria. The use of botanicals and phytochemicals in dermatological products is increasingly popular, and many patients are turning to these alternative therapies for treatment of acne. This study aimed to systematically review clinical studies that have investigated the use of botanical agents in the treatment of acne. PubMed and Embase databases were searched in March 2013 for trials assessing botanical therapies in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Data from these trials are presented, and methodology of each study is assessed. Twenty-three trials met inclusion criteria. Interventions included plant extracts, herbal formulations, and phytochemicals. All studies reported favorable results, and several showed equal or superior treatment to standard therapies. No serious adverse events were reported. Few studies were methodologically rigorous. Each botanical was studied in only one or two trials. Botanicals are promising therapies for acne vulgaris although further research is warranted, especially with regard to severe acne and acne resistant to conventional therapy. There is a need for standardized methods for grading acne and assessing therapeutic effects.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Research Design
PubMed: 25098271
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5125 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Oct 2015Botanical and cosmeceutical therapies are commonly used to treat symptoms of rosacea such as facial erythema, papules/pustule counts, and telangiectasia. These products... (Review)
Review
Botanical and cosmeceutical therapies are commonly used to treat symptoms of rosacea such as facial erythema, papules/pustule counts, and telangiectasia. These products may contain plant extracts, phytochemicals, and herbal formulations. The objective of this study was to review clinical studies evaluating the use of botanical agents for the treatment of rosacea. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for clinical studies evaluating botanical therapies for rosacea. Major results were summarized, and study methodology was analyzed. Several botanical therapies may be promising for rosacea symptoms, but few studies are methodologically rigorous. Several plant extract and phytochemicals effectively improved facial erythema and papule/pustule counts caused by rosacea. Many studies are not methodologically rigorous. Further research is critical, as many botanicals have been evaluated in only one study. Botanical agents may reduce facial erythema and effectively improve papule/pustule counts associated with rosacea. Although promising, further research in the area is imperative.
Topics: Erythema; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rosacea
PubMed: 26272329
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5432 -
Journal of Experimental Pharmacology 2023The Urticaceae family contains 54 genera and more than 2000 species that can be found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates all over the world. This family... (Review)
Review
The Urticaceae family contains 54 genera and more than 2000 species that can be found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates all over the world. This family includes the largest genus in the world, , which is also known as stinging nettle. Stinging hairs are present on the lower surface of the leaves and beneath the stems of , also known as the stinging nettle, herbal nettle that is dioecious, upright, and unbranched. For the treatment of conditions like gastritis, heart disease, diabetes, gonorrhea, and malaria, people employ various portions of in a variety of ways in traditional medicine. The leaves are rich in variety of active secondary phytochemical constituents including terpenoids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, polyphenols, sterols, oxalate, and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). According to different reports, it possesses a variety of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, antiulcer, antibacterial, and antifungal actions. The current review summarizes published and unpublished information about the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, ethnopharmacological, and toxicological reports of and summarizes all the research work carried out on this plant to provide updated information for future work.
PubMed: 37035014
DOI: 10.2147/JEP.S404506 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Plant species are a reservoir of natural compounds that can potentially be used to treat different diseases. Linn. belonging to the Rutaceae family, has been used for... (Review)
Review
Plant species are a reservoir of natural compounds that can potentially be used to treat different diseases. Linn. belonging to the Rutaceae family, has been used for centuries in medicine for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antihyperglycemic properties. These activities are ascribable not only to the presence of health-promoting macronutrients and micronutrients, such as carbohydrates, minerals, amino acids, and vitamins, but also to specialized metabolites, such as flavonoids (apigenin, hesperetin, hesperidin, naringin, naringenin, rutin, quercetin, and diosmin), coumarins (citropten, scoparone, and bergapten), terpenes (limonene, -terpinene, limonin, and nomilin), and phenolic acids (-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid). In recent years, particular attention has been focused on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity, antidiabetic, anticancer, and neuroprotective activity of . However, although many studies have reported this species' chemical and biological properties, the literature has never been analyzed via a systematic approach. For this reason, using PubMed and Scopus as databases, we performed a systematic review of 's chemical composition and biological properties to inspire new research approaches and increase its curative application.
PubMed: 37375892
DOI: 10.3390/plants12122267 -
Pharmaceutical Biology Dec 2017Litsea coreana H. Lév. (Lauraceae) is used as an ethnic herb or beverage in China. Substantial studies indicate that it contains a variety of compounds and shows... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Litsea coreana H. Lév. (Lauraceae) is used as an ethnic herb or beverage in China. Substantial studies indicate that it contains a variety of compounds and shows diverse bioactivities with no toxicity.
OBJECTIVE
This review analyzes and summarizes the ethnopharmacological applications, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms of L. coreana.
METHODS
Related literature (from 1998 to 2016) was obtained and compiled via searching databases including Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI and PubMed. Keywords (Litsea coreana, hawk tea, eagle tea and laoying cha) were used to select the articles.
RESULTS
Studies indicate that L. coreana contains characteristic polysaccharides, polyphenols, essential oils, and numerious flavonoids, which exhibit remarkable bioactivities, such as hepatoprotection, hyperglycaemia, anti-inflammation, antioxidation and antibacterial, through multiple molecular mechanisms.
CONCLUSION
This paper provides a systematic review on the phytochemicals and pharmacological activities of L. coreana which should be useful for further study and application of this medicinal herb.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Hypoglycemic Agents; Litsea; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 28301985
DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1302482 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2019Considered as the "King of spices", black pepper ( L.) is a widely used spice which adds flavor of its own to dishes, and also enhances the taste of other ingredients....
Considered as the "King of spices", black pepper ( L.) is a widely used spice which adds flavor of its own to dishes, and also enhances the taste of other ingredients. has also been extensively explored for its biological properties and its bioactive phyto-compounds. There is, however, no updated compilation of these available data to provide a complete profile of the medicinal aspects of . This study endeavors to systematically review scientific data on the traditional uses, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological properties of Information was obtained using a combination of keywords recognized electronic databases (e.g., Science Direct and Google Scholar). Google search was also used. Books and online materials were also considered, and the literature search was restricted to the English language. The country with the highest number of traditional reports of for both human and veterinary medicine was India, mostly for menstrual and ear-nose-throat disorders in human and gastrointestinal disorders in livestock. The seeds and fruits were mostly used, and the preferred mode of preparation was in powdered form, pills or tablets, and paste. and its bioactive compounds were also found to possess important pharmacological properties. Antimicrobial activity was recorded against a wide range of pathogens via inhibition of biofilm, bacterial efflux pumps, bacterial swarming, and swimming motilities. Studies also reported its antioxidant effects against a series of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including the scavenging of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, DPPH, ABTS, and reducing effect against ferric and molybdenum (VI). Improvement of antioxidant enzymes has also been reported. also exhibited anticancer effect against a number of cell lines from breast, colon, cervical, and prostate through different mechanisms including cytotoxicity, apoptosis, autophagy, and interference with signaling pathways. Its antidiabetic property has also been confirmed as well as hypolipidemic activity as evidenced by decrease in the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein and increase in high-density lipoprotein. also has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective effects. The major bioactive compound identified in is piperine although other compounds are also present including piperic acid, piperlonguminine, pellitorine, piperolein B, piperamide, piperettine, and (-)-kusunokinin, which also showed biological potency. Most pharmacological studies were conducted ( = 60) while only 21 and 1 clinical trial were performed. Hence, more experiments using a pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic approach would be beneficial. As a conclusive remark, should not only be regarded as "King of spices" but can also be considered as part of the kingdom of medicinal agents, comprising a panoply of bioactive compounds with potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
Topics: Animals; Databases, Factual; Dietary Supplements; Fruit; Humans; India; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Phytochemicals; Piper nigrum; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 30740986
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1565489 -
Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi... Dec 2023Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is a plant species known for its rich pharmacological and phytochemical properties. This systematic review aims to...
Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is a plant species known for its rich pharmacological and phytochemical properties. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the potential of Madagascar periwinkle as a dietary supplement. A thorough search of relevant databases yielded studies focusing on the pharmacological activities and phytochemical constituents of Madagascar periwinkle. The review highlights the diverse pharmacological effects of Madagascar periwinkle, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, among others. Furthermore, the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolics, which contribute to its medicinal properties. Despite the promising findings, further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of action, safety profile, and potential interactions of Madagascar periwinkle as a dietary supplement. Overall, this systematic review provides valuable insights into the pharmacological and phytochemical profiles of Madagascar periwinkle, suggesting its potential as a natural dietary supplement with diverse health benefits.
Topics: Dietary Supplements; Phytochemicals; Catharanthus; Plant Extracts; Humans; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Flavonoids; Anti-Infective Agents; Hypoglycemic Agents; Madagascar
PubMed: 38651238
DOI: 10.62958/j.cjap.2023.002 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2023Accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage diminishes cellular health, increases risk of developmental and degenerative diseases, and accelerates aging.... (Review)
Review
Protective Effects of Micronutrient Supplements, Phytochemicals and Phytochemical-Rich Beverages and Foods Against DNA Damage in Humans: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Prospective Studies.
Accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage diminishes cellular health, increases risk of developmental and degenerative diseases, and accelerates aging. Optimizing nutrient intake can minimize accrual of DNA damage. The objectives of this review are to: 1) assemble and systematically analyze high-level evidence for the effect of supplementation with micronutrients and phytochemicals on baseline levels of DNA damage in humans, and 2) use this knowledge to identify which of these essential micronutrients or nonessential phytochemicals promote DNA integrity in vivo in humans. We conducted systematic literature searches of the PubMed database to identify interventional, prospective, cross-sectional, or in vitro studies that explored the association between nutrients and established biomarkers of DNA damage associated with developmental and degenerative disease risk. Biomarkers included lymphocyte chromosome aberrations, lymphocyte and buccal cell micronuclei, DNA methylation, lymphocyte/leukocyte DNA strand breaks, DNA oxidation, telomere length, telomerase activity, and mitochondrial DNA mutations. Only randomized, controlled interventions and uncontrolled longitudinal intervention studies conducted in humans were selected for evaluation and data extraction. These studies were ranked for the quality of their study design. In all, 96 of the 124 articles identified reported studies that achieved a quality assessment score ≥ 5 (from a maximum score of 7) and were included in the final review. Based on these studies, nutrients associated with protective effects included vitamin A and its precursor β-carotene, vitamins C, E, B1, B12, folate, minerals selenium and zinc, and phytochemicals such as curcumin (with piperine), lycopene, and proanthocyanidins. These findings highlight the importance of nutrients involved in (i) DNA metabolism and repair (folate, vitamin B, and zinc) and (ii) prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation (vitamins A, C, E, lycopene, curcumin, proanthocyanidins, selenium, and zinc). Supplementation with certain micronutrients and their combinations may reduce DNA damage and promote cellular health by improving the maintenance of genome integrity.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Selenium; Lycopene; Cross-Sectional Studies; Curcumin; Proanthocyanidins; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamins; Vitamin A; Micronutrients; Folic Acid; Zinc; Beverages; Phytochemicals; DNA; DNA Damage; Biomarkers; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37573943
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.004 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2023Natural flavonoids are the most plentiful form of polyphenols. Given the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of flavonoids, researchers discovered that it might... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Natural flavonoids are the most plentiful form of polyphenols. Given the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of flavonoids, researchers discovered that it might be effective in treating depression and anxiety. The effect of flavonoids on depression and anxiety was investigated by a meta-analysis and systematic review. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases up to October 15, 2021. We selected 11 studies, among them, 10 studies were chosen to evaluate the depression effects of flavonoids and 7 studies were used to assess anxiety disorder. The meta-analysis showed that flavonoids have an overall significant effect on depression (p = 0.004, Hedge's g = -0.487, 95% CI -0.814 to -0.160) and anxiety (p = 0.006, Hedge's g = -0.741, 95% CI -1.266 to -0.217). Subgroup analysis indicated that the symptoms of depression were significantly improved in the studies when the dose of flavonoids was 50-100mg/day or the treatment duration was ≥8weeks. Anxiety symptoms were improved in the studies with the dose of flavonoids was ≥50mg/day. There was no evidence of publication bias. Our findings suggest that flavonoids might improve symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, a small number of participants and studies were included in this meta-analysis. Therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Flavonoids; Anxiety Disorders; Anxiety; Polyphenols
PubMed: 35400250
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2057914