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Molecular Biotechnology Jul 2023The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is garnering interest as a chassis cell factory for the manufacture of recombinant proteins because it effectively satisfies the... (Review)
Review
The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is garnering interest as a chassis cell factory for the manufacture of recombinant proteins because it effectively satisfies the requirements of both laboratory and industrial set up. The optimisation of P. pastoris cultivation is still necessary due to strain- and product-specific problems such as promoter strength, methanol utilisation type, and culturing conditions to realize the high yields of heterologous protein(s) of interest. Techniques integrating genetic and process engineering have been used to overcome these problems. Insight into the Pichia as an expression system utilizing MUT pathway and the development of methanol free systems are highlighted in this systematic review. Recent developments in the improved production of proteins in P. pastoris by (i) diverse genetic engineering such as codon optimization and gene dosage; (ii) cultivating tactics including co-expression of chaperones; (iii) advances in the use of the 2A peptide system, and (iv) CRISPR/Cas technologies are widely discussed. We believe that by combining these strategies, P. pastoris will become a formidable platform for the production of high value therapeutic proteins.
PubMed: 37400712
DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00803-1 -
Journal of Industrial Microbiology &... May 2011This article reviews current co-culture systems for fermenting mixtures of glucose and xylose to ethanol. Thirty-five co-culture systems that ferment either synthetic... (Review)
Review
This article reviews current co-culture systems for fermenting mixtures of glucose and xylose to ethanol. Thirty-five co-culture systems that ferment either synthetic glucose and xylose mixture or various biomass hydrolysates are examined. Strain combinations, fermentation modes and conditions, and fermentation performance for these co-culture systems are compared and discussed. It is noted that the combination of Pichia stipitis with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or its respiratory-deficient mutant is most commonly used. One of the best results for fermentation of glucose and xylose mixture is achieved by using co-culture of immobilized Zymomonas mobilis and free cells of P. stipitis, giving volumetric ethanol production of 1.277 g/l/h and ethanol yield of 0.49-0.50 g/g. The review discloses that, as a strategy for efficient conversion of glucose and xylose, co-culture fermentation for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass can increase ethanol yield and production rate, shorten fermentation time, and reduce process costs, and it is a promising technology although immature.
Topics: Coculture Techniques; Ethanol; Fermentation; Glucose; Industrial Microbiology; Microbial Interactions; Pichia; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Xylose; Zymomonas
PubMed: 21104106
DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0894-3 -
Forschende Komplementarmedizin Und... Apr 2003Kombucha has become a popular complementary remedy. The aim of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the evidence related to its efficacy and safety. (Review)
Review
AIM
Kombucha has become a popular complementary remedy. The aim of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the evidence related to its efficacy and safety.
METHODS
Computerised literature searches were carried out to locate all human medical investigations of kombucha regardless of study design. Data were extracted and validated by the present author and are reported in narrative form.
RESULTS
No clinical studies were found relating to the efficacy of this remedy. Several case reports and case series raise doubts about the safety of kombucha. They include suspected liver damage, metabolic acidosis and cutaneous anthrax infections. One fatality is on record.
CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of these data it was concluded that the largely undetermined benefits do not outweigh the documented risks of kombucha. It can therefore not be recommended for therapeutic use.
Topics: Acetobacter; Beverages; Evidence-Based Medicine; Fermentation; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Pichia; Risk Factors; Safety; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 12808367
DOI: 10.1159/000071667 -
Mycoses Jul 2020Kodamaea ohmeri, previously known as Pichia ohmeri or Yamadazyma ohmeri, belongs to the Saccharomycetaceae family and the Ascomycetae class, is the telomorphic form of...
BACKGROUND
Kodamaea ohmeri, previously known as Pichia ohmeri or Yamadazyma ohmeri, belongs to the Saccharomycetaceae family and the Ascomycetae class, is the telomorphic form of C guilliermondii var. membranaefaciens and is frequently mistaken for Candida, as they belong to the same family. It has been isolated from environmental sources, such as sand, pools, seawater and fruits, while the last decades it is recognised as a rare pathogen that causes life-threatening infections in humans. The purpose of this study was to systemically review all published cases of K ohmeri infections in the literature and describe the epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, treatment and outcomes of these infections in humans.
METHODS
Systematic review of PubMed (through 27th December 2019) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, microbiological as well as treatment data and outcomes of K ohmeri infections.
RESULTS
A total of 35 studies, containing data of 44 patients, were included in the analysis. The most common K ohmeri infections were those of the bloodstream, infective endocarditis and onychomycosis. Previous antibiotic use, presence of a central venous catheter, parenteral nutrition and cancer were very common among patients. Mortality was high in the case of fungemias but low for other types of infections. Amphotericin B and fluconazole are the most common agents used for treatment, even though alarming MICs for fluconazole were noted.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review thoroughly describes infections by K ohmeri and provides information on their epidemiology, clinical presentation, microbiology, antibiotic resistance patterns, treatment and outcomes.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Fungemia; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycological Typing Techniques; Saccharomycetales
PubMed: 32323385
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13094