-
Journal of Environmental Science and... 2022Pollution by plastics and antibiotics are emerging issues in the areas of the environment and human health. In recent years, several studies have documented the...
Pollution by plastics and antibiotics are emerging issues in the areas of the environment and human health. In recent years, several studies have documented the widespread occurrence of plastic particles in various environmental, as well as human, systems, and much research has focused on possible interactions of contaminants with microplastics. Thus, the co-occurrence of plastics and antibiotics has caused another global problem for the environment and human health. Therefore, we focused on the current knowledge in the field of the co-occurrence of plastics and antibiotics to summarize the available studies. In this review, categorization of the topics, contaminants details, such as polymer type, size and source, antibiotic type, and other experimental parameters were summarized and discussed. This study indicated that the sorption of antibiotics on plastics, antibiotic susceptibility in the presence of plastics, and antibiotic resistance gene onto plastics were the most frequently examined categories in this field. Moreover, the variability in the procedures and the processes, and the heterogeneity data of reporting between different studies on similar topic make it difficult to bring all results together and produce a comprehensive picture of the current knowledge. Therefore, it is suggested that further research should be done using this systematic study.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Microplastics; Plastics; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35657775
DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2082222 -
International Journal of Surgery... May 2018The debate over the use of cemented or cementless fixation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has never stopped since cementless fixation was introduced. We undertook a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
No difference in implant survivorship and clinical outcomes between full-cementless and full-cemented fixation in primary total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
The debate over the use of cemented or cementless fixation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has never stopped since cementless fixation was introduced. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the optimal mode of fixation (full-cementless vs. full-cemented) in TKA.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases up to July 2017 were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing full-cementless TKA and full-cemented TKA. The primary outcome was implant survivorship. Secondary outcomes included radiological outcomes (maximum total point-motion [MTPM], radiolucent line, rotation degree) and clinical outcomes (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC] score, Knee Society Score [KSS] score, postoperative range of movement, blood loss and complications).
RESULTS
Seven studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The mean follow-up was 7.1 years (range from 2 to 16.6 years). There was no difference in implant survivorship (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95-1.01; p = 0.25; I = 0%), MTPM (weighted mean difference [WMD], 0.13 mm; 95% CI, -0.69-0.95; p = 0.75; I = 89.3%) and radiolucent line (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.57-3.23; p = 0.48; I = 54%) between the cementless and cemented methods. There was a mean 0.22° more rotation in the full-cementless fixation group (95% CI, 0.13-0.32; p < 0.01; I = 28.5%). There were no significant differences relating to clinical outcomes (WOMAC score, KSS score, postoperative range of movement, blood loss and complications) between the two fixation groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Although more overall component rotation is found in full-cementless fixation, the implant survivorship and clinical efficacy are likely similar between full-cementless and full-cemented fixation. However, future RCTs with similar cementless prosthetic coating and longer-term follow-up are still needed to confirm our findings.
Topics: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Bone Cements; Humans; Knee Joint; Knee Prosthesis; Prosthesis Design; Prosthesis Failure
PubMed: 29656129
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.04.015 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Nov 2022The soil environment serves as an assembling area for microplastics, and is an important secondary source of microplastics in other environmental media. Recently, soil... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The soil environment serves as an assembling area for microplastics, and is an important secondary source of microplastics in other environmental media. Recently, soil microplastics have been extensively studied; however, high variability is observed among the research results owing to different soil properties, and the complexity of soil microplastic composition. The present study amassed the findings of 2886 experimental groups, across 38 studies from 2016 to 2022, and used meta-analysis to quantitatively analyze the differences in the effects of microplastic exposure on soil physicochemical properties and biota. The results showed that among the existing soil microplastic research, agricultural soils maintained a higher environmental exposure distribution than other environments. Microplastic fibers and fragments were the predominant shapes, indicating that the extensive use of agricultural films are the primary influencing factor of soil microplastic pollution at present. The results of the meta-analysis found that microplastic exposure had a significant negative effect on soil bulk density (lnRR = -0.04) and aggregate stability (lnRR = -0.085), indicating that microplastics may damage the integrity of soil structure or damage the soil surface. The significant changes in plant root biomass and soil phosphatase further signified the potential impact of microplastics on soil nutrient and geochemical element cycling. We further constructed species sensitivity distribution curves, revealing that invertebrates had a higher species sensitivity to microplastics, as they can pass through the gut wall of soil nematodes, causing oxidative stress and affecting gene expression. In general, soil is an interconnected complex, and microplastic exposure can directly or indirectly interact with environmental chemical processes in the soil environment, potentially harming the soil ecosystem; however, current research remains insufficient with respect to breadth and depth in terms of the comprehensive "source-sink" mechanism of soil microplastics, the hazard of exposure, and the overall toxic effects.
Topics: Biota; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Microplastics; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Plastics; Soil; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 36126769
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120183 -
Life Sciences Apr 2022Plastic particles (PP) pollution is a global environmental concern. Although the reproductive toxicity of PP is primarily understood for invertebrates, the evidence for... (Review)
Review
AIMS
Plastic particles (PP) pollution is a global environmental concern. Although the reproductive toxicity of PP is primarily understood for invertebrates, the evidence for mammals is still fragmented. We used a systematic review framework to investigate the reproductive impact of microplastics and nanoplastics (MNP) on mammals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Research records were screened from Embase, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. Twelve original papers were identified and reviewed. Immunological, oxidative and morphofunctional outcomes, and the risk of bias in all studies reviewed were analyzed.
KEY FINDINGS
These studies indicated that PP can accumulate in the gonads, triggering seminiferous degeneration, Sertoli cells death, blood-testis barrier disruption, sperm degeneration, malformation, reduced number and mobility, ovarian cysts, reduced follicular growth and granulosa cells death. Gonadal damage was associated with upregulation of prooxidant mediators (oxygen reactive species, lipid and DNA oxidation), cell death, proinflammatory molecular pathways and cytokines, as well as inhibition of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. Spermatogenesis, folliculogenesis, testosterone, progesterone and estrogen levels were also impaired in PP-treated animals, which were potentially associated with down-regulation of molecules involved in germ cells microstructural organization (occludin, N-cadherin, β-catenin and connexin 43) and steroidogenesis, such as hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, steroidogenic acute regulatory proteins, follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones. Selection, performance and detection bias were the main limitations identified.
SIGNIFICANCE
Current evidence indicates that PP can induce dose-dependent microstructural and functional gonadal damage, which is orchestrated by pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory mechanisms that disrupt genes, molecular effectors, and hormones that control spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Estrogens; Female; Genitalia; Germ Cells; Granulosa Cells; Inflammation; Intestinal Mucosa; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Mammals; Microplastics; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Oxidative Stress; Plastics; Progesterone; Reproduction; Sertoli Cells; Spermatogenesis; Testis; Testosterone
PubMed: 35176278
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120404 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jun 2023This meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the effects of various acid etching patterns on the sensitivity of teeth and their clinical effectiveness following composite resin... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
This meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the effects of various acid etching patterns on the sensitivity of teeth and their clinical effectiveness following composite resin repair.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies on the postoperative sensitivity (POS) of composite resin restorations after using different bonding systems. The retrieval was from the inception of the databases to August 13, 2022, with no filter of written language. Literature screening was conducted by two independent researchers. The Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool was adopted for quality evaluation, and Stata 15.0 for analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty-five randomized controlled trials were included in the present study. Following resin composite restoration, 1309 restorations were bonded by self-etching (SE) adhesives, whereas 1271 restorations were bonded by total-etching (TE) adhesives. The meta-analyses showed that there is no evidence to prove the SE and TE will affect POS at present when measured using the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria [RR = 1.00 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.04)], the World Dental Federation (FDI) [RR = 1.06 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.15)], or the visual analog scale (VAS) [SMD = 0.02 (95% CI: -0.15, 0.20)] scales. At a certain follow-up time, TE adhesives provide better outcomes in terms of color match, marginal staining, and marginal adaptation. In other words, TE adhesives have better esthetic results.
CONCLUSIONS
The type of bonding technique (ER and SE) does not affect the risk and degree of POS in class I/II and class V restorations. Further research is required to verify whether these findings apply to different forms of composite resin restorations.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Besides the fact that TE barely increase postoperative sensitivity, it also yields superior cosmetic results.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Cements; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Resin Cements; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Acid Etching, Dental; Esthetics, Dental; Dental Marginal Adaptation
PubMed: 37017757
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05007-0 -
Brazilian Oral Research Jun 2018Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been considered a suitable material for cranioplasty. However, no consensus has been reached concerning the best material for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been considered a suitable material for cranioplasty. However, no consensus has been reached concerning the best material for cranioplasty with regard to minimizing complications. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the complication rates of PMMA with those of autologous bone and titanium mesh. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016042725). Systematic searches were conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. The focus question was, "Do PMMA prostheses used in cranioplasty have complications rates similar to those of autologous bone and titanium mesh?" A meta-analysis of complication rates was performed on the basis of dichotomous outcomes assessed by risk ratio (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). From 1014 data sources, 11 articles were selected according to eligibility criteria. These articles involved 1,256 individuals and 1,278 cranioplasties using autologous bone (n = 408), PMMA (n = 379), or titanium (n = 151). The follow-up period ranged from 63 days to 54.3 months. No difference was observed between the complication rates of PMMA and autologous bone (p = 0.94; RR, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.54-1.75) or between PMMA and titanium (p = 0.38; RR, 1.59; 95%CI, 0.57-4.48). Sub-analysis of the reasons for craniotomy (trauma/non-trauma) was conducted, which revealed no significant difference (p = 0.91; RR, 0.95; 95%CI, 0.37-2.42). The meta-analysis indicated that the use of PMMA yields complication rates that are near those of autologous bone and titanium mesh.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Substitutes; Bone Transplantation; Humans; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Risk Factors; Skull; Titanium; Transplantation, Autologous
PubMed: 29898018
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0031 -
Chemosphere Dec 2017It has been suggested that the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exerts obesogenic effects after pre- or perinatal exposure. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
It has been suggested that the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exerts obesogenic effects after pre- or perinatal exposure.
OBJECTIVE
A systematic review with meta-analyses was conducted of early life exposure to DEHP, or its biologically active metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), on the obesity related outcome measures body weight, fat (pad) weight, triglycerides, free fatty acids and leptin in experimental rodent studies.
METHODS
The applied methodology was pre-specified in a rigorous protocol. Relevant articles were identified using PubMed and EMBASE and meta-analyses were performed using mean differences (MD) and random effects model when at least five studies could be included per outcome measure. Risk of bias and the quality of evidence was assessed using established methodologies.
RESULTS
Overall, 31 studies could be included and meta-analyses could be performed for body weight and fat weight. Early life exposure to DEHP was significantly associated with increased fat weight (MD = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.03), while a non-significant association was estimated for body weight (MD = -0.14; 95% CI: -0.32, 0.04). There was substantial heterogeneity across studies and the information was insufficient to assess the risk of bias for most studies. No meta-analyses could be conducted for other outcome measures, because too few studies were available.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this systematic review indicate that early life exposure to DEHP is potentially associated with increased adiposity in rodents. More data is needed to strengthen the evidence base.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aging; Animals; Body Weight; Diethylhexyl Phthalate; Environmental Pollutants; Humans; Obesity; Plasticizers; Rodentia; Triglycerides
PubMed: 28886551
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.165 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2023The present study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of the contemporary photoactivated disinfection methods on the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The present study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of the contemporary photoactivated disinfection methods on the mechanical features and/or antimicrobial activity of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) dentures bases.
METHODS
THE FOCUSED RESEARCH QUESTION WAS: "What is the effect of contemporary photoactivated disinfection methods as compared to conventional disinfection protocols on the mechanical features and/or antimicrobial activity of PMMA dentures bases?". An electronic literature search was carried out by the author and a senior librarian specialized in health sciences on Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. In vitro investigations evaluating the antimicrobial and/or mechanical effects of photoactivated disinfectants as compared to conventional chemical disinfectants on the microbes formed on PMMA denture bases were included. Meta-analysis was performed for calculating the standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
Four out of eight studies concluded that photoactivated disinfectants, including riboflavin-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT), hematoporphyrin-mediated PDT, poly-l-glycolic acid loaded with methylene blue, Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser, and chitosan-mediated PDT, demonstrated a significant reduction in colony-forming unit per milliliter (CFU/mL) of exposed viable colonies of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) comparable to the conventionally used chemical disinfectants of PMMA denture bases. Contrarily, two studies concluded that the PMMA denture base colonized with C. albicans and disinfected with conventional chemical disinfectants showed the greatest anti-fungal efficaciousness. All the included studies concluded that the application of photoactivated disinfectants does not negatively impact the mechanical features of the PMMA denture bases colonized with microbes including E. coli, S. mutans, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The meta-analysis revealed statistically significant reduction in C. albicans counts (CFU/mL [Log10]) (p < 0.00001) and improvement in the flexural strength (p = 0.0002) of PMMA-based denture base after the application of conventional disinfectants, while a statistically significant improvement in the fracture strength of PMMA-based denture base was observed after the application of photoactivated disinfectants (p = 0.03).
CONCLUSION
According to the systematic review (qualitative synthesis), photoactivated disinfectants demonstrated comparable mechanical features and antimicrobial activity of PMMA dentures bases to conventional chemical disinfectants suggesting their potential to be utilized as an alternative to conventional chemical disinfectants. However, the meta-analysis (quantitative synthesis) revealed that the application of conventional disinfectants demonstrated better outcomes related to antimicrobial activity and flexural strength of PMMA-based denture based.
Topics: Polymethyl Methacrylate; Disinfection; Denture Bases; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Erbium; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Disinfectants; Materials Testing; Candida albicans
PubMed: 36958538
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103523 -
The Science of the Total Environment Oct 2022Plastic litter is a pollutant of aquatic environments worldwide, with some of the world's highest litter densities occurring in freshwater ecosystems. Little information... (Review)
Review
Plastic litter is a pollutant of aquatic environments worldwide, with some of the world's highest litter densities occurring in freshwater ecosystems. Little information about the risk that plastic litter poses to aquatic wildlife is available across the world's most polluted waterways. To help assess the risk to aquatic species where empirical data is lacking, our review presents i) a risk assessment methodology for predicting plastic litter impacts on aquatic wildlife in data poor environments, ii) a case study demonstrating this risk assessment methodology for wildlife across two heavily polluted river basins in Asia, the Mekong and Ganges River Basins; and iii) a broad review summarising common trends in litter interactions and risk to freshwater fish, aquatic birds, cetaceans and raptors. This risk analysis unites a systematic review approach with risk matrices following International Standards Organization's risk assessment criteria, evaluating the risk of plastic entanglement and ingestion and the potential for harm to the animal. In the Mekong and Ganges River Basins, we found that the risk of litter entanglement is higher than litter ingestion. Four species were forecast to be at high risk of entanglement: Ganges River dolphin, Gharial, Mekong giant catfish and Irrawaddy dolphin. The eastern imperial eagle and greater spotted eagle were noted to be at moderate risk of entanglement. Both the Ganges River dolphin and Irrawaddy dolphin were predicted to have a moderate risk of plastic ingestion. Interestingly, cranes, waterfowl and wading birds were deemed at low or negligible risk from plastic litter. This risk matrix methodology can be applied to other waterways and taxa to assess the risk posed by plastic. It can also be readily updated as more information becomes available. This review enables decision makers to bridge a data gap by providing a tool for conservation and management before comprehensive empirical data is available.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Birds; Dolphins; Ecosystem; Plastics; Rivers
PubMed: 35772547
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156858 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Nov 2022Established restorative protocols for patients after head and neck radiotherapy are lacking, increasing the failure rates of dental adhesive restorations. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Established restorative protocols for patients after head and neck radiotherapy are lacking, increasing the failure rates of dental adhesive restorations.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the evidence regarding the impact of head and neck radiotherapy on the longevity of dental adhesive restorations.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase in May 2018 (updated in November 2020). Data extraction was performed regarding the percentage of restoration failure among dental adhesive materials, including glass ionomer cements, resin-modified glass ionomer cements, and composite resins. Risk of bias was assessed by the meta-analysis of statistics assessment and review instrument (MAStARI). Confidence in cumulative evidence was evaluated by the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) protocol.
RESULTS
Four studies met the inclusion criteria. All included studies were classified as having a moderate risk of bias and reported results regarding class V restorations. Overall, composite resins presented lower failure rates at 2 years (30%) when compared with resin-modified glass ionomer (41%) and glass ionomer cements (57%). Meta-analysis showed that the risk of failure with glass ionomer cements was greater than with resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RR: 1.71, P<.001). Composite resins presented lower risk of failure when compared with glass ionomer (RR: 2.29, P<.001) and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RR: 1.30, P=.03). Three studies reported results regarding fluoride compliance, which had a negative effect on the survival rates of glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer cements and a positive effect on composite resin restorations.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that composite resin restorations associated with fluoride gel compliance seems to be the best alternative for restoring class V lesions in patients after head and neck radiotherapy. However, the results showed moderate certainty of evidence, which justifies the need for more randomized clinical trials regarding this subject.
Topics: Humans; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Fluorides; Dental Restoration Failure; Glass Ionomer Cements; Composite Resins; Resin Cements
PubMed: 33715834
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.02.002