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Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis :... Sep 2023The clinical characteristics of splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) in pediatric patients and its optimal treatment strategies are unknown. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The clinical characteristics of splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) in pediatric patients and its optimal treatment strategies are unknown.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of anticoagulant therapy for pediatric SVT.
METHODS
MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched up to December 2021. We included observational and interventional studies that enrolled pediatric patients with SVT and reported anticoagulant treatment and outcomes, including rates of vessel recanalization, SVT extension, venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence, major bleeding, and mortality. Pooled proportions of vessel recanalization were calculated with their 95% CI.
RESULTS
A total of 506 pediatric patients (aged 0-18 years) across 17 observational studies were included. The majority of patients had portal vein thrombosis (n = 308, 60.8%) or Budd-Chiari syndrome (n = 175, 34.6%). Most events were triggered by transient provoking factors. Anticoagulation (heparins and vitamin K antagonists) was prescribed in 217 (42.9%) patients, and 148 (29.2%) patients underwent vascular interventions. The overall pooled proportions of vessel recanalization were 55.3% (95% CI, 34.1%-74.7%; I = 74.0%) among anticoagulated patients and 29.4% (95% CI, 2.6%-86.6%; I = 49.0%) among non-anticoagulated patients. SVT extension, major bleeding, VTE recurrence, and mortality rates were 8.9%, 3.8%, 3.5%, and 10.0%, respectively, in anticoagulated patients and 2.8%, 1.4%, 0%, and 50.3%, respectively, in non-anticoagulated patients.
CONCLUSION
In pediatric SVT, anticoagulation appears to be associated with moderate recanalization rates and a low risk of major bleeding. VTE recurrence is low and comparable to that reported in pediatric patients with other types of provoked VTE.
Topics: Humans; Child; Anticoagulants; Venous Thromboembolism; Venous Thrombosis; Hemorrhage; Blood Coagulation; Splanchnic Circulation
PubMed: 37225019
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.05.014 -
Hepatology International Jul 2019Portal vein thrombosis (PVT), which is associated with reduced portal vein velocity, is considered to be an indicator for worse outcomes in liver cirrhosis.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT), which is associated with reduced portal vein velocity, is considered to be an indicator for worse outcomes in liver cirrhosis. Nonselective beta-blockers (NSBBs), which are widely used for primary and secondary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis, can significantly decrease the portal vein velocity. We proposed a hypothesis that the use of NSBBs might facilitate the development of PVT in cirrhotic patients. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Major meeting abstracts and randomized-controlled trials regarding the use of NSBBs in liver cirrhosis were also hand-searched. The number of patients who developed PVT in groups treated with or without NSBBs was pooled. Odds ratios (ORs) or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Subgroup meta-analyses were performed according to the type of studies, region, and study quality. Meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. Nine of the 6416 retrieved papers were finally included. Overall, meta-analysis demonstrated that NSBBs were significantly associated with the development of PVT (OR 4.62, 95% CI 2.50-8.53; p < 0.00001). The heterogeneity was statistically significant (I = 80%; p < 0.00001). Subgroup meta-analyses still demonstrated a significantly positive association of NSBBs with the development of PVT in cohort studies (RR 2.57, 95% CI 1.46-4.51; p = 0.001) and case-control studies (OR 8.17, 95% CI 2.46-27.06; p = 0.0006). Sensitivity analyses based on subgroups find the source of heterogeneity. Based on the systematic review and meta-analysis, we found that the use of NSBBs increased a 4.62-fold risk of PVT in cirrhotic patients.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Epidemiologic Methods; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Portal Vein; Prognosis; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 31175581
DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-09951-6 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Sep 2019Several options have been proposed for the treatment of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (cEHPSS) in dogs, but formal comparisons among different treatment... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Several options have been proposed for the treatment of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (cEHPSS) in dogs, but formal comparisons among different treatment options are currently unavailable. A previous evidence-based review (2012) found low quality of evidence for papers assessing the treatment of cEHPSS in dogs.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the quality of evidence available in the treatment of cEHPSS, summarize the current state of knowledge with respect to outcome after cEHPSS management, and compare different treatment techniques.
ANIMALS
Not used.
METHODS
A bibliographic search was performed without date or language restrictions. Studies were assessed for quality of evidence (study design, study group sizes, subject enrollment quality, and overall risk of bias) and outcome measures reported (perioperative outcome, clinical outcome, and surgical or interventional outcome), all reported with 95% confidence intervals. A network meta-analysis was performed.
RESULTS
Forty-eight studies were included. Six retrospective studies (grade 4b) compared 2 techniques and 7 were abstracts (grade 5). The quality of evidence was low and risk of bias high. Regarding surgical outcome, statistically significant superiority of ameroid constrictor over thin film band was observed (P = .003). No other comparisons were statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
The evidence base of choice of treatment of cEHPSS in dogs remains weak despite recent publications on the subject. Ameroid is superior to thin film band in causing EHPSS closure. Blinded randomized studies comparing different treatment modalities, which routinely include postoperative imaging to assess cEHPSS closure and acquired portosystemic shunt development are essential.
Topics: Animals; Caseins; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Hydrogels; Ligation; Portal System; Portal Vein; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31471995
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15607 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Jan 2023Background: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may enhance the efficacy of treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Efficacy of Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Background: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may enhance the efficacy of treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT); however, it remains unclear. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of TACE combined with TKIs. Methods: A thorough literature search was performed on major databases since their inception until October 2022. Based on the eligibility criteria, eight studies (2103 patients) were included. Results: Meta-analysis showed that TACE+sorafenib/apatinib had a better tumor response (objective response rate (ORR): RR = 4.85, 95% CI 2.68−8.75, disease control rate (DCR): RR = 3.23, 95% CI 1.88−5.56), and prolonged OS (HR = 0.50, 95%CI 0.42−0.60, p < 0.00001) than TACE alone. TACE+lenvatinib was stronger than TACE+sorafenib in ORR (60.7% vs. 38.9%) and TTP (HR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.43−0.86), whereas it was similar in DCR (96.4% vs. 96.3%) and OS (HR = 0.70 95% CI 0.46−1.05). Conclusions: TACE plus sorafenib or apatinib was superior to TACE alone for hepatocellular carcinoma with PVTT; no significant advantage was found between TACE+lenvatinib and TACE+sorafenib, although TACE+lenvatinib performed better in terms of ORR and TTP.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Sorafenib; Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors; Liver Neoplasms; Portal Vein; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Treatment Outcome; Thrombosis
PubMed: 36661745
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010096 -
Surgery Apr 2015This meta-analysis aimed to review the percentage increase in future liver remnant (FLR) and perioperative outcomes after portal vein ligation (PVL) and portal vein... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
This meta-analysis aimed to review the percentage increase in future liver remnant (FLR) and perioperative outcomes after portal vein ligation (PVL) and portal vein embolization (PVE) before liver resection.
METHODS
An electronic search was performed of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed databases using both subject headings (MeSH) and truncated word searches to identify all articles published that related to this topic. Pooled risk ratios were calculated for categorical outcomes and mean differences for secondary continuous outcomes using the fixed-effects and random-effects models for meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Seven studies involving 218 patients met the inclusion criteria. There was no difference in the increase in FLR between the 2 groups 39% (PVE) versus 27% (PVL; mean difference [MD] 6.04; 95% CI, -0.23, 12.32; Z = 1.89; P = .06). Similarly, there was no difference in the morbidity (risk ratio [RR], 1.08; 95% CI, 0.55, 2.09; Z = 0.21; P = .83) and mortality (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.19, 3.92; Z = 0.18; P = .85) in the 2 groups after liver resection. While awaiting liver resection after PVL and PVE, no difference was noted in the number of patients developing disease progression (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.52, 1.66; Z = 0.24; P = .81). In a subset analysis comparing FLR with PVE and PVL as part of the procedure called an associating liver partition with PVL for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS), there was a significant increase in FLR in favor of ALPPS (MD, -17.09; 95% CI, -32.78, -1.40; Z = 2.14; P = .03).
CONCLUSION
PVL and PVE result in comparable percentage increase in FLR with similar morbidity and mortality rates. The ALPPS procedure results in an improved percentage increase in FLR compared with PVE alone.
Topics: Disease Progression; Elective Surgical Procedures; Embolization, Therapeutic; Hepatectomy; Humans; Hypertrophy; Ligation; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Models, Statistical; Portal Vein; Postoperative Complications; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25704417
DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.12.009 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Sep 2022Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most frequent diagnosed tumor worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer related death. According to the EASL... (Review)
Review
Surgical Resection of a Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Thrombosis: Is It a Good Treatment Option? A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature.
BACKGROUND
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most frequent diagnosed tumor worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer related death. According to the EASL Guidelines, HCC with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is classified as an advanced stage (BCLC stage C) and the only curative option is represented by systemic therapy. Therefore, treatment of HCC patients with PVTT remains controversial and debated. In this paper, we describe the case of a 66-year-old man with a recurrent HCC with PVTT who underwent surgical resection. A systematic review of the literature, comparing surgical resection with other choices of treatment in HCC patients with PVTT, is reported.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature regarding all prospective and retrospective studies comparing the survival outcomes of HCC patients with PVTT treated with surgical resections (SRs) or other non-surgical treatments (n-SRs) has been conducted.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 66-year-old Caucasian man with a history of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) related liver cirrhosis and previous hepatocellular carcinoma of the VI segment treated with percutaneous ethanol infusion (PEI) seven years before presented to our clinics. A new nodular hypoechoic lesion in the VI hepatic segment was demonstrated on follow-up ultrasound examination. A hepatospecific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan confirmed also the presence of a 18 × 13 mm nodular lesion in the V hepatic segment with satellite micronodules associated with V-VIII sectoral portal branch thrombosis. The case was then discussed at the multidisciplinary team meeting, and it was decided to perform a right hepatectomy. The postoperative course was regular and uneventful, and the discharge occurred seven days after the surgery. At eight-month follow-up, there was no clinical nor radiological evidence of neoplastic recurrence, with well-preserved liver function (Child-Pugh A5).
RESULTS
Nine studies were included in the review. Median Overall Survaival (OS) ranged from 8.2 to 30 months for SRs patients and from 7 to 13.3 for n-SRs patients. In SR patients, one-year survival ranged from 22.7% to 100%, two-year survival from 9.8% to 100%, and three-year survival from 0% to 71%. In n-SRs patients, one-year survival ranged from 11.8% to 77.6%, two-year survival from 0% to 47.8%, and three-year survival from 0% to 20.9%.
CONCLUSION
The present systematic literature review and the case presented demonstrated the efficacy of surgery as a first-line treatment in well-selected HCC patients with PVTT limited or more distal to the right and left portal branches. However, further studies, particularly randomized trials, need to be conducted in future to better define the surgical indications.
PubMed: 36142934
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185287 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Aug 2022Suppurative portal vein thrombosis (pylephlebitis) is an uncommon condition usually associated with an intra-abdominal infection or inflammatory process. In this study,... (Review)
Review
Suppurative portal vein thrombosis (pylephlebitis) is an uncommon condition usually associated with an intra-abdominal infection or inflammatory process. In this study, we aimed to synthesize data on previously published cases according to the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 103 patients were included. Patients were more commonly male (71.8%) and had a mean age of 49 years. The most common infection associated with pylephlebitis was diverticulitis ( = 29, 28.2%), and was the most isolated pathogen ( = 21, 20.4%). Blood cultures were positive in 64 cases (62.1%). The most common site of thrombosis was the main portal vein (PV) in 59 patients (57.3%), followed by the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) in 40 patients (38.8%) and the right branch of the PV in 30 patients (29.1%). Sepsis developed in 60 patients (58.3%). The mortality rate in our review was 8.7%, and independent risk factors for mortality were the presence of pertinent comorbidities (OR 5.5, = 0.02), positive blood cultures (OR 2.2, = 0.02), and sepsis (OR 17.2, = 0.049).
PubMed: 36078922
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11174992 -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2021Non-tumoral portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in liver transplantation (LT). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Non-tumoral portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in liver transplantation (LT). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of PVT in LT outcomes and analyze the types of surgical techniques used for dealing with PVT during LT. A systematic review was conducted in Cochrane, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases, selecting articles from January 1990 to December 2019. The MESH-terms used were ("Portal Vein"[Mesh] AND "Thrombosis"[Mesh] NOT "Neoplasms"[Mesh]) AND ("Liver Transplantation"[Mesh]). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) recommendation was used, and meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager Version 5.3 software. A total of 1,638 articles were initially found: 488 in PubMed, 289 in Cochrane Library, and 861 in EMBASE, from which 27 were eventually selected for the meta-analysis. Surgery time of LT in patients with PVT was longer than in patients without LT (p<0.0001). Intraoperative red blood cell (p<0.00001), fresh frozen plasma (p=0.01), and platelets (p=0.03) transfusions during LT were higher in patients with PVT. One-year (odds ratio [OR] 1.17; p=0.002) and 5-year (OR 1.12; p=0.01) patient survival after LT was worse in the PVT group. Total occlusive PVT presented higher mortality (OR 3.70; p=0.00009) and rethrombosis rates (OR 3.47 [1.18-10.21]; p=0.02). PVT Yerdel III/IV classification exhibited worse 1-year [2.04 (1.21-3.42); p=0.007] and 5-year [0.98 (0.59-1.62); p=0.93] patient survival. Thrombectomy with primary anastomosis was associated with better outcomes. LT in patients with non-tumoral PVT demands more surgical time, needs more intraoperative transfusion, and presents worse 1- and 5-year patient survival. Total occlusive PVT and Yerdel III/IV PVT classification were associated with higher mortality. (PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42020132915).
Topics: Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Transplantation; Portal Vein; Retrospective Studies; Thrombectomy; Treatment Outcome; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 33503185
DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2184 -
World Journal of Hepatology Nov 2021The use of umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) in the perinatal period may be associated with severe complications, including the occurrence of portal vein thrombosis...
BACKGROUND
The use of umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) in the perinatal period may be associated with severe complications, including the occurrence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT).
AIM
To assess the incidence of UVC-related PVT in infants with postnatal age up to three months.
METHODS
A systematic and comprehensive database searching (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science) was performed for studies from 1980 to 2020 (the search was last updated on November 28, 2020). We included in the final analyses all peer-reviewed prospective cohort studies, retrospective cohort studies and case-control studies. The reference lists of included articles were hand-searched to identify additional studies of interest. Studies were considered eligible when they included infants with postnatal age up to three months with UVC-associated PVT. Incidence estimates were pooled by using random effects meta-analyses. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
RESULTS
Overall, 16 studies were considered eligible and included in the final analyses. The data confirmed the relevant risk of UVC-related thrombosis. The mean pooled incidence of such condition was 12%, although it varied across studies (0%-49%). In 15/16 studies (94%), diagnosis of thrombosis was made accidentally during routine screening controls, whilst in 1/16 study (6%) targeted imaging assessments were carried out in neonates with clinical concerns for a thrombus. Tip position was investigated by abdominal ultrasound (US) alone in 1/16 (6%) studies, by a combination of radiography and abdominal US in 14/16 (88%) studies and by a combination of radiography, abdominal US and echocardiography in 1/16 (6%) studies.
CONCLUSION
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review specifically investigating the incidence of UVC-related PVT. The use of UVCs requires a high index of suspicion, because its use is significantly associated with PVT. Well-designed prospective studies are required to assess the optimal approach to prevent UVC-related thrombosis of the portal system.
PubMed: 34904047
DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1802 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Jul 2021Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) was previously a contraindication for trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).
BACKGROUND
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) was previously a contraindication for trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).
AIM
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current available studies investigating outcomes of TIPS for cirrhotic patient with PVT.
METHODS
Multiple databases were systematically searched to identify studies investigating the outcomes of TIPS for cirrhotic patients with PVT. The quality of studies was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration method and Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies. The demographic data, outcomes, combined treatment, and anticoagulation strategy were extracted.
RESULTS
Twelve studies were identified with 460 patients enrolled in the analysis. The technical success rate was 98.9% in patients without portal vein cavernous transformation and 92.3% in patients with portal vein cavernous transformation. One-year portal vein recanalization rate was 77.7%, and TIPS patency rate was 84.2%. The cumulative encephalopathy rate was 16.4%. One-year overall survival was 87.4%.
CONCLUSION
TIPS is indicated for portal hypertension related complications and the restoration of pre-transplantation portal vein patency in cirrhotic patients with PVT. Cavernous transformation is an indicator for technical failure. Post-TIPS anticoagulation seems not mandatory. Simultaneous TIPS and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy device could achieve accelerated portal vein recanalization and decreased thrombolysis-associated complications, but further investigation is still needed.
PubMed: 34307565
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.5179