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BMJ Open May 2022To assess the evidence of the association between exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and postpartum depression. IPV during pregnancy can have immediate and...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the evidence of the association between exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and postpartum depression. IPV during pregnancy can have immediate and long-term physical and mental health consequences for the family. Therefore, it has been hypothesised that IPV may affect the risk of developing postpartum depression.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Global Health Library, Scopus and Google scholar were searched for published studies without restrictions on language, time or study design (up to May 2020). Studies were included if they assessed postpartum depression using the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (cut-off≥10), among women who had been exposed to IPV (emotional, physical and/or sexual abuse). The quality of studies was judged according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
RESULTS
A total of 33 studies were included in the review (participants n=131 131). The majority of studies found an association between exposure to IPV and the development of signs of postpartum depression. Overall, studies measured both exposure and outcome in various ways and controlled for a vast number of different confounders. Thirty percent of the studies were set in low-income and lower-middle-income countries while the rest were set in upper-middle-income and high-income countries and the association did not differ across settings. Among the studies reporting adjusted OR (aOR) (n=26), the significant aOR ranged between 1.18 and 6.87 (95% CI 1.12 to 11.78). The majority of the studies were judged as 'good quality' (n=20/33).
CONCLUSION
We found evidence of an association between exposure to IPV and the development of signs of postpartum depression. Meta-analysis or individual patient data meta-analysis is required to quantify the magnitude of the association between IPV and postpartum depression.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42020209435.
Topics: Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Emotions; Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Mental Health; Poverty; Pregnancy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35584869
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051426 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Feb 2022Certain personality traits increase vulnerability to depression, but the evidence linking personality and postpartum depression (PPD) is less robust. This systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Certain personality traits increase vulnerability to depression, but the evidence linking personality and postpartum depression (PPD) is less robust. This systematic review aimed to identify personality traits that increase the risk of PPD.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed studies retrieved from PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane, following the PRISMA guidelines for reporting. We carried out a meta-analysis on the association between neuroticism and PPD.
RESULTS
A total of 34 studies were analyzed. Of these, 31 considered at least one trait associated with PPD; 10 studies considered at least one trait not associated with PPD. The meta-analysis included 13 studies, concluding that neuroticism was associated with PPD (OR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.22-1.53; p<0.001).
LIMITATIONS
Study design and approach to personality assessment influence results. Prospective longitudinal studies of persons with no prior history of mood disorder would provide stronger evidence about whether particular personality traits predict PPD. Most studies reviewed used self-report measures to assess personality. Study design and approach to personality assessment influence results, and indications of publication bias were found.
CONCLUSIONS
Neuroticism is the personality trait most widely studied in relation to PPD. Our meta-analysis found this trait is strongly related with PPD. Moreover, vulnerable personality style and trait anxiety are also associated with PPD. Screening for these traits might help identify women at risk, improving prevention, early detection, and possibly treatment.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34763034
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.010 -
Worldviews on Evidence-based Nursing Jun 2022Postpartum depression (PPD) is a public health problem that has significant adverse effects on mothers, couple's relationships, newborn neurodevelopment, and child... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a public health problem that has significant adverse effects on mothers, couple's relationships, newborn neurodevelopment, and child emotional and cognitive development. This study reviewed the effectiveness of telemedicine interventions in postparturient women with postpartum depression.
AIMS
To evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine intervention in women with postpartum depression.
METHODS
Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched for relevant articles published between 2003 and March 2021. We also manually reviewed the reference lists of the retrieved articles. The present study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The risk of bias for individual studies was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook. RevMan 5.4 software was used to carry out the meta-analysis.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis included 20 randomized controlled trials with a total of 3252 patients. The results demonstrated that telemedicine was an effective intervention for treating PPD and anxiety and for improving functional impairment in women during their postpartum period.
LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION
This meta-analysis provided evidence that telemedicine was an effective intervention for treating PPD in women. Telemedicine also has significant effects on anxiety and improved functional impairment in women during their postpartum period. Our findings may provide accurate evidence-based guidance for postpartum women's mental health management. In the future, more high-quality studies are required for verifying these results.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Telemedicine
PubMed: 35349219
DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12576 -
Journal of Neuroendocrinology Jul 2023Pregnancy is associated with prominent structural changes in brain areas involved in Theory of Mind (ToM), pointing to the possibility of modifications in ToM-related... (Review)
Review
Pregnancy is associated with prominent structural changes in brain areas involved in Theory of Mind (ToM), pointing to the possibility of modifications in ToM-related behavior and brain responses in parents. We performed a systematic review screening for studies that examined ToM in pregnant and/or early postpartum parents. The evaluation of the included 12 studies allowed us to construct an overview of ToM changes during pregnancy and postpartum as well as other associated factors, such as oxytocin, mental health, and parental behavior. Four studies examined ToM changes by comparing pregnant/early postpartum parents with nulliparous parents or prepregnancy measures. They reported no differences between groups measured with a self-report questionnaire but found group differences using an experimental approach. The results from the summarized studies further suggest a mediatory role of oxytocin between ToM and certain parental behavior. In addition, while no link between postpartum depression and ToM was observed, findings do point to an association between depressive and remote maternal behavior and anxious attachment style and ToM abilities in pregnant participants. Research findings regarding the interaction of ToM with both parity and maternal attachment to the fetus are ambivalent. Overall, research on this topic is scarce, limiting our ability to draw firm conclusions and stressing the need for further research on this topic. This review presents an overview of research findings on ToM and associated factors in pregnancy and the postpartum period and discusses directions for future research.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Oxytocin; Theory of Mind; Postpartum Period; Maternal Behavior; Depression, Postpartum
PubMed: 37094082
DOI: 10.1111/jne.13266 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Apr 2024Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the postpartum period. Depression can decrease self-efficacy in breastfeeding by reducing the mother's... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the postpartum period. Depression can decrease self-efficacy in breastfeeding by reducing the mother's self-confidence. Considering the conflicting results regarding the relationship between postpartum depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy, this systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum depression.
METHOD
In this systematic review, published articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched using English keywords "Self-efficacy, breastfeeding, breastfeeding Self-efficacy, depression, postpartum depression" without publication date limit. Data analysis was done with employing STATA14 software. Heterogeneity was assessed using I index which was 0%. Therefore, the fixed effects method was used to combine the data and perform meta-analysis.
RESULT
The results of the meta-analysis showed that based on the fixed effect method, depression was associated with decreased breastfeeding self-efficacy on the first day (SMD = 0.62, 95%CI: -0.830, -0.41, p = 0.0001) and on the third day (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI: -0.55,1.14, p = 0.0001). The Begg and Manzumdar test revealed no publication bias, with p = 0.317.
CONCLUSION
Postpartum depression may be associated with a decrease in the mother's breastfeeding self-efficacy and placing mother in a condition to pay low attention to her maternal role. Therefore, healthcare providers should provide adequate support according to the needs of mothers and develop diagnostic and treatment protocols to improve the level of maternal health.
Topics: Female; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Self Efficacy; Breast Feeding; Mothers; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 38609849
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06465-4 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jun 2023Dietary interventions are a widely available mediation for depression and anxiety among pregnant and/or postpartum (i.e., perinatal) persons, but their effectiveness is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Dietary interventions are a widely available mediation for depression and anxiety among pregnant and/or postpartum (i.e., perinatal) persons, but their effectiveness is not well known.
OBJECTIVES
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of dietary interventions for the treatment of perinatal depression and/or anxiety.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science from their inception to 2 November, 2022. Studies were included if they were available in English and examined the effectiveness of a dietary intervention for perinatal depression and/or anxiety in a randomized controlled trial.
RESULTS
Our search identified 4246 articles, of which 36 were included and 28 were eligible for meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were not found to improve symptoms of perinatal depression compared to control conditions [standardized mean differences (SMD): -0.11; 95% CI: -0.26 to 0.04]. These results neither changed when examined during pregnancy or the postpartum period separately nor varied according to the fatty acid (FA) ratio. Elemental metals (iron, zinc, and magnesium) were also not found to be superior to placebo (SMD: -0.42; 95% CI: -1.05 to 0.21), although vitamin D yielded a small to medium effect size improvement (SMD: -0.52; 95% CI: -0.84 to -0.20) in postpartum depression. Iron may help in those with confirmed iron deficiency. Narrative synthesis was performed for studies ineligible for meta-analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite their widespread popularity, PUFAs and elemental metals do not appear to effectively reduce perinatal depression. Vitamin D taken in doses of 1800-3500 International Units per day may be, to some extent, promising. Additional high-quality, large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the true effectiveness of dietary interventions on perinatal depression and/or anxiety. This study was registered at PROSPERO (registration date: 5 July, 2020; CRD42020208830).
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Depression; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Anxiety; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Iron; Vitamin D
PubMed: 37019362
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.03.025 -
Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) Dec 2006Despite the well-documented risk factors and health consequences of postpartum depression, it often remains undetected and untreated. No study has comprehensively... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Despite the well-documented risk factors and health consequences of postpartum depression, it often remains undetected and untreated. No study has comprehensively examined postpartum depression help-seeking barriers, and very few studies have specifically examined the acceptability of postpartum depression treatment approaches. The objective of this study was to examine systematically the literature to identify postpartum depression help-seeking barriers and maternal treatment preferences.
METHODS
Medline, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases were searched using specific key words, and published peer-reviewed articles from 1966 to 2005 were scanned for inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Of the 40 articles included in this qualitative systematic review, most studies focused on women's experiences of postpartum depression where help seeking emerged as a theme. A common help-seeking barrier was women's inability to disclose their feelings, which was often reinforced by family members and health professionals' reluctance to respond to the mothers' emotional and practical needs. The lack of knowledge about postpartum depression or the acceptance of myths was a significant help-seeking barrier and rendered mothers unable to recognize the symptoms of depression. Significant health service barriers were identified. Women preferred to have "talking therapies" with someone who was nonjudgmental rather than receive pharmacological interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that women did not proactively seek help, and the barriers involved both maternal and health professional factors. Common themes related to specific treatment preferences emerged from women of diverse cultural backgrounds. The clinical implications outlined in this review will assist health professionals in addressing these barriers and in developing preventive and treatment interventions that are in accord with maternal preferences.
Topics: Adult; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Maternal Health Services; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Pregnancy; Self Disclosure; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 17150072
DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-536X.2006.00130.x -
Neuro Endocrinology Letters Oct 2017Postpartum depression (PPD) should be given more attention for its increasing incidences, severe complications and complex pathogenesis. Previous studies of PPD have... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Postpartum depression (PPD) should be given more attention for its increasing incidences, severe complications and complex pathogenesis. Previous studies of PPD have mainly been focused on the social contributions to its etiology such as age, marriage and economic status, whilst less attention has been given to inner biological factors. Currently, emerging researches have endeavored to explore 5-HTT related pathogenesis of PPD.
OBJECTIVE
This report was aimed at proffering updates on some research advancements in the field of PPD through the reviewing published papers concerning postpartum depression, with prime focus on the role of 5-HTT.
SEARCH STRATEGY
This review report dug into articles containing both PPD and 5-HTTLPR. Web of Science, Pubmed and CNKI (National Knowledge Infrastructure) were employed for searching relevant publications.
SELECTION CRITERIA
There was a strong association between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and the pathogenesis of PPD, with established evidence showing that L allele (Long allele) in 5-HTTLPR was associated with reduced susceptibility to PPD.
LIMITATIONS
All things considered, sufficient clinical experiments are needed to ascertain the feasibility of our theoretical statements. In addition, relevant articles are comparatively scarce presently.
Topics: Alleles; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
PubMed: 29106784
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Women's Health Nov 2023To provide a comprehensive, systematic evaluation of the literature on experiences of psychological interventions for postpartum depression (PPD) in women. Depression is...
BACKGROUND
To provide a comprehensive, systematic evaluation of the literature on experiences of psychological interventions for postpartum depression (PPD) in women. Depression is one of the most common postpartum mental disorders. Studies have identified that psychological interventions reduce depressive symptoms. However, less is known about the experiences of women who have received such treatments.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching five databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO), in August 2022. Studies with qualitative methodology examining women's experiences of professional treatment for PPD were included and checked for methodological quality. Eight studies (total N = 255) contributed to the findings, which were synthesized using thematic synthesis. Confidence in the synthesized evidence was assessed with GRADE CERQual.
FINDINGS
The women had received cognitive behavioral therapy (5 studies) or supportive home visits (3 studies). Treatments were individual or group-based. Two main themes were identified: Circumstances and expectations, and Experiences of treatment, with six descriptive themes. Establishing a good relationship to their health professional was important for the women, regardless of treatment model. They also expressed that they wanted to be able to choose the type and format of treatment. The women were satisfied with the support and treatment received and expressed that their emotional well-being had been improved as well as the relationship to their infant.
CONCLUSION
The findings can be helpful to develop and tailor patient-centered care for women who are experiencing postnatal depression.
Topics: Female; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Psychosocial Intervention; Health Personnel; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
PubMed: 37964250
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02772-8 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental health condition affecting women globally within the first year following childbirth. Substance use during pregnancy...
INTRODUCTION
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental health condition affecting women globally within the first year following childbirth. Substance use during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of developing PPD, but the evidence remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively assess the effects of different substances on PPD risk, exploring potential modifiers and confounding factors.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the proportion of PPD among substance users during pregnancy, compared to non-users, and investigate the specific risk associated with different substances (tobacco, alcohol, and non-specified substance use/multiple substance use).
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted from inception to November 2022 using the Web of Science database (Clarivate Analytics), incorporating Web of Science Core Collection, the BIOSIS Citation Index, the KCI-Korean Journal Database, MEDLINE, the Russian Science Citation Index, the SciELO Citation Index, and the Cochrane Central Register of Reviews, and Ovid/PsycINFO databases. Inclusion criteria comprised original studies with pregnant women, using validated depression scales and substance use reporting.
RESULTS
Among the 26 included studies, encompassing 514,441 women, the pooled prevalence of PPD among substance users during pregnancy was 29% (95% CI 25-33). Meta-analyzes revealed an overall odds ratio (OR) of 3.67 (95% CI 2.31-5.85, < 0.01) indicating a significantly higher risk of PPD among substance users compared to non-users. Subgroup analyzes demonstrated a higher risk for women with non-specified or multiple substance use (OR 4.67, 95% CI 2.59-8.41; < 0.01) and tobacco use (OR 4.01, 95% CI 2.23-7.20; < 0.01). Alcohol use showed a trend toward higher risk that did not reach statistical significance (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.00-3.55; = 0.051).
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis provides evidence of an increased risk of PPD among pregnant substance users, particularly those using multiple substances or tobacco. However, caution is needed in interpreting the association with alcohol use due to its non-significant result.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
This study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (registration number: CCRD42022375500).
PubMed: 38025481
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1264998