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BMJ Open Aug 2023Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a profound negative impact on health. However, the strength of the association between ACEs and pregnancy complications and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a profound negative impact on health. However, the strength of the association between ACEs and pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes is not well quantified or understood.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between ACEs and risk of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
SEARCH STRATEGY
A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google scholar up to July 2022.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two reviewers independently conducted the screening and quality appraisal using a validated tool. Meta-analysis using the quality-effects model on the reported odds ratio (OR) was conducted. Heterogeneity and inconsistency were examined using the I statistics.
RESULTS
32 studies from 1508 met a priori inclusion criteria for systematic review, with 21 included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analyses showed that exposure to ACEs increased the risk of pregnancy complications (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.57) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.47). In sub-group analysis, maternal ACEs were associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.74), antenatal depression (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.20), low offspring birth weight (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.47), and preterm delivery (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.71).
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that exposure to ACEs increases the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Preventive strategies, screening and trauma-informed care need to be examined to improve maternal and child health.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Child; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Diabetes, Gestational; Premature Birth
PubMed: 37536966
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063826 -
JAMA Nov 2008Use of bariatric surgery has increased dramatically during the past 10 years, particularly among women of reproductive age. (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Use of bariatric surgery has increased dramatically during the past 10 years, particularly among women of reproductive age.
OBJECTIVES
To estimate bariatric surgery rates among women aged 18 to 45 years and to assess the published literature on pregnancy outcomes and fertility after surgery.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
Search of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1998-2005) and multiple electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, Controlled Clinical Trials Register Database, and the Cochrane Database of Reviews of Effectiveness) to identify articles published between 1985 and February 2008 on bariatric surgery among women of reproductive age. Search terms included bariatric procedures, fertility, contraception, pregnancy, and nutritional deficiencies. Information was abstracted about study design, fertility, and nutritional, neonatal, and pregnancy outcomes after surgery.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Of 260 screened articles, 75 were included. Women aged 18 to 45 years accounted for 49% of all patients undergoing bariatric surgery (>50,000 cases annually for the 3 most recent years). Three matched cohort studies showed lower maternal complication rates after bariatric surgery than in obese women without bariatric surgery, or rates approaching those of nonobese controls. In 1 matched cohort study that compared maternal complication rates in women after laparoscopic adjustable gastric band surgery with obese women without surgery, rates of gestational diabetes (0% vs 22.1%, P < .05) and preeclampsia (0% vs 3.1%, P < .05) were lower in the bariatric surgery group. Findings were supported by 13 other bariatric cohort studies. Neonatal outcomes were similar or better after surgery compared with obese women without laparoscopic adjustable gastric band surgery (7.7% vs 7.1% for premature delivery; 7.7% vs 10.6% for low birth weight, P < .05; 7.7% vs 14.6% for macrosomia, P < .05). No differences in neonatal outcomes were found after gastric bypass compared with nonobese controls (26.3%-26.9% vs 22.4%-20.2% for premature delivery, P = not reported [1 study] and P = .43 [1 study]; 7.7% vs 9.0% for low birth weight, P = not reported [1 study]; and 0% vs 2.6%-4.3% for macrosomia, P = not reported [1 study] and P = .28 [1 study]). Findings were supported by 10 other studies. Studies regarding nutrition, fertility, cesarean delivery, and contraception were limited.
CONCLUSION
Rates of many adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes may be lower in women who become pregnant after having had bariatric surgery compared with rates in pregnant women who are obese; however, further data are needed from rigorously designed studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Cesarean Section; Female; Fertility; Humans; Middle Aged; Obstetric Labor Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Risk; Young Adult
PubMed: 19017915
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2008.641 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Jan 2020To synthesize evidence regarding the association between interpregnancy weight change and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To synthesize evidence regarding the association between interpregnancy weight change and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched from the databases' interception until April 2019. Search strategy included the terms: "interpregnancy," "intergestational," "hypertension" and "hypertensive disorders."
METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION
Studies that assessed the relationship between interpregnancy weight change and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were included. Twelve studies and 415,605 women were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. We used Mendeley reference manager during the review process. Odds ratios (ORs) for the most adjusted models reported by the included articles and the corresponding 95% CIs were calculated. The no weight change category defined by each study was used as the reference category.
TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS
Overall, there was an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy associated with interpregnancy weight gain (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.21-1.53; I=62.1%; P<.001). Additionally, interpregnancy weight loss was associated with lower risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.75-0.99; I=54.9%; P=.01), Finally, meta-regression showed that interpregnancy weight gain was associated with a graded increase in the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence that interpregnancy weight gain is associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO, CRD42018103002.
Topics: Birth Intervals; Body Mass Index; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Risk Factors; Weight Gain; Weight Loss
PubMed: 31809428
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003573 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Apr 2021The objective of this study was to systematically review the maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women who underwent percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this study was to systematically review the maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women who underwent percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) during pregnancy.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A search was conducted on MEDLINE and Embase databases to identify studies published between 2000 and 2018 that reported on maternal and fetal outcomes following PBMV performed in pregnancy. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series with four or more pregnancies in which PBMV was performed during pregnancy were included. Reference lists from relevant articles were also hand-searched for relevant citations. A successful procedure was defined as one where there was a reported improvement in the valve area or reduction in the mitral valve gradient. A random effects model was used to derive pooled estimates of various outcomes and the final estimates were reported as percentages with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI).
RESULTS
Twenty-one observational studies reporting 745 pregnancies were included in the review, all of them having reported outcomes without a comparison group. Most of the studies fell into the low-risk category as determined using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for case series. Most of the studies (86%) were reported from low- to middle-income countries and PBMV was mostly performed during the second trimester of pregnancy. Forty-three procedures (5.7%) were unsuccessful, nearly half (n = 19) of them reported among women with the severe subvalve disease (Wilkins subvalve score 3 or more). There were 11 maternal deaths among those with suboptimal valve anatomy (severe subvalve disease or Wilkin score >8). Mitral regurgitation was the most common cardiac complication (12.7%; 95% CI 7.3%-19.1%), followed by restenosis (2.4%; 95% CI 0.02%-7.2%). Pooled incidence of cesarean section was 12.1% (95% CI 3.6%-23.8%), preterm delivery 3.9% (95% CI 0.6%-9.0%), stillbirth 0.9% (95%CI 0.2%-2.2%) and low birthweight 5.4% (95% CI 0.2%-14.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
PBMV may be an effective and safe procedure for optimizing outcomes in pregnant women with mitral stenosis in the absence of severe subvalve disease.
Topics: Balloon Valvuloplasty; Female; Humans; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Pregnancy Outcome; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33070306
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14029 -
Clinical Rheumatology Aug 2016Systemic autoimmune disorders may interfere with normal reproductive function resulting in negative outcome of pregnancy. Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a common... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Systemic autoimmune disorders may interfere with normal reproductive function resulting in negative outcome of pregnancy. Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a common rheumatic disease that mostly affects females. There are many reports that this condition may increase risk of pregnancy complications and fetal loss. However, data regarding these adverse outcomes are scarce and inconclusive. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of available articles that assess the association between pSS and adverse pregnancy outcome. We comprehensively searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from their dates of inception to March 2016 and reviewed papers with validity criteria. A random-effects model was used to evaluate pregnancy complications in patients with pSS and healthy controls. From 20 full-text articles, 7 studies involving 544 patients and 1586 pregnancies were included in the meta-analysis. Fetal complications included spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, neonatal deaths, and intrauterine growth retardation. Compared with healthy pregnancy, patients with pSS had significantly higher chance of neonatal deaths (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.77, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.28 to 1.46, p = 0.01). However, there were no significant associations between pSS and premature birth (OR = 2.10, 95 % CI 0.59-7.46, p = 0.25), spontaneous abortion (OR = 1.46, 95 % CI 0.72-2.93, p = 0.29), artificial abortion (OR = 1.12, 95 % CI 0.52-2.61, p = 0.71), or stillbirth (OR = 1.05, 95 % CI 0.38-2.97, p = 0.92). There is an increased risk of fetal loss in pregnant patients with pSS. The presented evidence further supports multidisciplinary care for these patients to prevent complications during pregnancy.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Female; Humans; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Risk Factors; Sjogren's Syndrome; Stillbirth
PubMed: 27271701
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3323-9 -
Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks,... Dec 2022It is well known that oocyte donation (OD) pregnancies are associated with higher complication rates compared to autologous pregnancies. However, evidence-based... (Review)
Review
It is well known that oocyte donation (OD) pregnancies are associated with higher complication rates compared to autologous pregnancies. However, evidence-based information for pre-pregnancy counseling designed for health care workers is scarce. Therefore, a systematic literature search was performed to find articles that address pre-pregnancy counseling before OD.A systematic search was conducted in September 2020 in various databases, including PubMed and Embase. Nine (systematic) reviews and meta-analyses were included that reported on pre-pregnancy advice in OD pregnancies.Studies are consistent in documenting a higher risk for hypertensive disorders, cesarean section, preterm birth, postpartum hemorrhage, and low birth weight. Based on these complications, pre-pregnancy advice is mentioned in all included systematic reviews to prevent complications in the next pregnancy. All studies recommend counseling women on the increased risk of complications during OD pregnancy. Other recommendations include the prophylactic use of aspirin in pregnancy and restriction to single embryo transfer. Individualized appropriate surveillance and management strategies should be considered for every patient achieving pregnancy by OD.In conclusion, we provide a summary of the most important outcomes in OD pregnancies, and thereby offer a guide for pre-pregnancy counseling.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Cesarean Section; Premature Birth; Fertilization in Vitro; Oocyte Donation; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Pregnancy Outcome
PubMed: 34981463
DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00821-x -
Reproductive Health Feb 2017To characterize maternal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and complement the evidence base for the WHO interim guidance on pregnancy management in the context of ZIKV... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To characterize maternal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and complement the evidence base for the WHO interim guidance on pregnancy management in the context of ZIKV infection.
METHODS
We searched the relevant database from inception until March 2016. Two review authors independently screened and assessed full texts of eligible reports and extracted data from relevant studies. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the National Institute of Health (NIH) tool for observational studies and case series/reports, respectively.
RESULTS
Among 142 eligible full-text articles, 18 met the inclusion criteria (13 case series/reports and five cohort studies). Common symptoms among pregnant women with suspected/confirmed ZIKV infection were fever, rash, and arthralgia. One case of Guillain-Barré syndrome was reported among ZIKV-infected mothers, no other case of severe maternal morbidity or mortality reported. Complications reported in association with maternal ZIKV infection included a broad range of fetal and newborn neurological and ocular abnormalities; fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, and perinatal death. Microcephaly was the primary neurological complication reported in eight studies, with an incidence of about 1% among newborns of ZIKV infected women in one study.
CONCLUSION
Given the extensive and variable fetal and newborn presentations/complications associated with prenatal ZIKV infection, and the dearth of information provided, knowledge gaps are evident. Further research and comprehensive reporting may provide a better understanding of ZIKV infection in pregnancy and attendant maternal/fetal complications. This knowledge could inform the creation of effective and evidence-based strategies, guidelines and recommendations aimed at the management of maternal ZIKV infection. Adherence to current best practice guidelines for prenatal care among health providers is encouraged, in the context of maternal ZIKV infection.
Topics: Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 28241773
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-017-0285-6 -
The Journal of Urology Jan 2009We performed a literature review and analysis to compare the safety of ureteroscopic stone removal during pregnancy with findings from a set of contemporary studies of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
We performed a literature review and analysis to compare the safety of ureteroscopic stone removal during pregnancy with findings from a set of contemporary studies of that procedure in nonpregnant patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review of MEDLINE(R) and EMBASE(R) was done to identify all reports of ureteroscopic stone removal in pregnant women. Complications were stratified according to modified Clavien criteria. We then reviewed a contemporary, multi-national meta-analysis of ureteroscopic stone removal (American Urological Association/European Association of Urology 2007 Guideline for the Management of Ureteral Calculi) to define the complication rate in a series of nonpregnant patients. Complication rates in the 2 reviews were compared using Fisher's exact test.
RESULTS
A total of 14 reports of ureteroscopic stone removal in pregnant women were identified, representing 108 patients. Nine complications were noted. By Clavien criteria 2 complications were level 1, 6 were level 2 and 1 was level 3. When compared to the multinational meta-analysis of ureteroscopy in nonpregnant women, there was no significant difference in the ureteral injury and urinary tract infection complication rates (p = 0.191 and 0.597, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Our analysis shows that the safety of ureteroscopic stone removal in pregnant patients is not significantly different from the safety of that procedure in nonpregnant patients and in each cohort the complication rate is low. Therefore, ureteroscopic stone removal may reasonably be considered appropriate first line therapy in pregnant patients with stone disease.
Topics: Female; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Ureteral Calculi; Ureteroscopy
PubMed: 19012926
DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.09.029 -
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey Feb 2010To assess the impact of dengue infection during pregnancy on birth outcomes, we conducted a systematic review of 30 published studies (19 case reports, 9 case series,... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
To assess the impact of dengue infection during pregnancy on birth outcomes, we conducted a systematic review of 30 published studies (19 case reports, 9 case series, and 2 comparison studies). Studies were identified by searching computerized databases using dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, cross-referenced with pregnancy, preterm birth or delivery, low birth weight, small-for-gestational age, spontaneous abortion, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, or fetal death as search terms. The case reports examined showed high rates of cesarean deliveries (44.0%) and pre-eclampsia (12.0%) among women with dengue infection during pregnancy, while the case series showed elevated rates of preterm birth (16.1%) and cesarean delivery (20.4%). One comparative study found an increase in low birth weight among infants born to women with dengue infections during pregnancy, compared with infants born to noninfected women. Vertical transmission was described in 64.0% and 12.6% of women in case reports and case series (respectively), as well as in one comparative study. The authors conclude that there is a risk of vertical transmission, but whether maternal dengue infection is a significant risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes is inconclusive. More comparative studies are needed.
TARGET AUDIENCE
Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completion of this educational activity, the participant should be better able to assess symptoms of dengue fever and locations where dengue fever occurs, describe possible perinatal complications of maternal dengue fever, and identify the limitations of available literature describing dengue fever in pregnancy.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Cesarean Section; Dengue; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 20100360
DOI: 10.1097/OGX.0b013e3181cb8fbc -
BMC Psychiatry Jul 2017Stress and anxiety are common in pregnancy and shown to have adverse effects on maternal and infant health outcomes. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Stress and anxiety are common in pregnancy and shown to have adverse effects on maternal and infant health outcomes. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of music-based interventions in reducing levels of stress or anxiety among pregnant women.
METHODS
Six databases were searched using key terms relating to pregnancy, psychological stress, anxiety and music. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled or quasi-experimental trials that assessed the effect of music during pregnancy and measured levels of psychological stress or anxiety as a primary or secondary outcome. Two authors independently assessed and extracted data. Quality assessment was performed using The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias criteria. Meta-analyses were conducted to assess stress and anxiety reduction following a music-based intervention compared to a control group that received routine antenatal care.
RESULTS
Five studies with 1261 women were included. Music interventions significantly reduced levels of maternal anxiety (Standardised Mean Difference (SMD): -0.21; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.39, -0.03; p = 0.02). There was no significant effect on general stress (SMD: -0.08; 95% CI -0.25, 0.09; p = 0.35) or pregnancy-specific stress (SMD: -0.02; 95% CI -0.19, 0.15; p = 0.80). The methodological quality of included studies was moderate to weak, all studies having a high or unclear risk of bias in allocation concealment, blinding and selective outcome reporting.
CONCLUSIONS
There is evidence that music-based interventions may reduce anxiety in pregnancy; however, the methodological quality of the studies was moderate to weak. Additional research is warranted focusing on rigour of assessment, intensity of interventions delivered and methodological limitations.
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Female; Humans; Music Therapy; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Stress, Psychological; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28750631
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1432-x