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Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology... Dec 2023Probiotic supplementation has been proposed as a therapeutic intervention to improve growth outcomes in children with undernutrition. The objective of this review is to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Probiotic supplementation has been proposed as a therapeutic intervention to improve growth outcomes in children with undernutrition. The objective of this review is to synthesize the current evidence on probiotic supplementation for promotion of growth in undernourished children.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that administered probiotics or eligible comparators to undernourished children below 5 years of age. Our primary outcomes of interest were weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height at the longest follow-up points reported. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria were used to assess certainty of the evidence.
RESULTS
Nine RCTs with 5295 children in total were included. Durations of treatment ranged from 1 month to 1 year. Pooled analyses from 7 studies showed that probiotics may have little to no effect on weight-for-age (SMD 0.05 standard deviation [SD], 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.13, n = 2115 children; low-certainty evidence) and height-for-age (SMD -0.04 SD, 95% CI: -0.14 to 0.07, n = 1357 children; low-certainty evidence). The evidence was very uncertain about the effect on weight-for-height.
CONCLUSIONS
Probiotics may have little to no effect on anthropometry in undernourished children, though there is considerable heterogeneity among the trials reviewed thus far. The interaction between gut microbiota and human nutrition is complex, and further research is needed to determine how the gut microbiome may contribute to undernutrition and how probiotics may affect growth in this vulnerable population.
Topics: Child; Humans; Probiotics; Nutritional Status; Malnutrition; Child Nutrition Disorders; Vulnerable Populations
PubMed: 37779227
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003953 -
Medicine Sep 2018To evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on functional constipation in children. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
To evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on functional constipation in children.
METHODS
We performed electronic searches in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library without language restriction to identify relevant studies from the time of inception of these databases to March 2018. The relative risk or weighted mean difference was calculated to evaluate the treatment effect of probiotics using random-effects model.
RESULTS
We included 4 trials reporting data on 382 children with functional constipation. Overall, there were no significant differences in treatment success (P = .697), spontaneous bowel movements per week (P = .571), fecal soiling episodes per week (P = .642), straining at defecation (P = .408), use of lactulose (P = .238), use of laxatives (P = .190), fecal incontinence (P = .139), pain during defecation (P = .410), flatulence (P = .109), and adverse events (P = .979) between probiotics and placebo. Further, the use of probiotics was associated with lower frequency of glycerin enema use (weighted mean difference -2.40, P = .004) and abdominal pain (weighted mean difference -4.80, P < .001).
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study suggested that the use of probiotics was associated with significant improvement in glycerin enema use and abdominal pain but did not affect the treatment success and other function indices.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Child; Constipation; Defecation; Fecal Incontinence; Humans; Laxatives; Probiotics; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30278490
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012174 -
European Journal of Nutrition Mar 2023Probiotics or synbiotics consumption have been suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through a decline in inflammation and oxidative stress,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and circulating adiponectin and leptin concentration in subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a GRADE-assessed systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized clinical...
PURPOSE
Probiotics or synbiotics consumption have been suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through a decline in inflammation and oxidative stress, however, the results from studies are conflicting. This study filled this knowledge gap by evaluating randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating probiotics or synbiotics intake on adipokines, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with prediabetes and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
METHODS
We systematically did search up to March 2022 in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane library. A random-effect model was applied to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each outcome.
RESULTS
A total of 32 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. This intervention led to a significant decrease in levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD - 0.62 mg/l; 95% CI - 0.80, - 0.44; p < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (WMD - 0.27 pg/ml; 95% CI - 0.44, - 0.10; p = 0.002) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (WMD - 0.51 µmol/l; 95% CI - 0.73, - 0.30; p < 0.001), and also a significant increase in levels of glutathione (GSH) (WMD 69.80 µmol/l; 95% CI 33.65, 105.95; p < 0.001), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (WMD 73.59 mmol/l; 95% CI 33.24, 113.95; p < 0.001) and nitric oxide (NO) (WMD 7.49 µmol/l; 95% CI 3.12, 11.86; p = 0.001), without significant alterations in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adipokines levels.
CONCLUSION
A consumption of probiotics or synbiotics could be a useful intervention to improve cardiometabolic outcomes through a reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with prediabetes and T2DM.
Topics: Humans; Adipokines; Adiponectin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Glutathione; Inflammation; Leptin; Oxidative Stress; Prediabetic State; Probiotics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Synbiotics
PubMed: 36239789
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03012-9 -
Journal of Alternative and... Apr 2017Interest in the gut-brain axis and emerging evidence that the intestinal microbiota can influence central nervous system function has led to the hypothesis that... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION/AIM
Interest in the gut-brain axis and emerging evidence that the intestinal microbiota can influence central nervous system function has led to the hypothesis that probiotic supplementation can have a positive effect on mood and psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety. Although several human clinical trials have investigated this, results have been inconsistent. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analytic approach was chosen to examine if probiotic consumption has an effect on psychological symptoms.
METHODS
The online databases PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies up to July 2016. Those that were randomized and placebo controlled and measured preclinical psychological symptoms of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress in healthy volunteers pre and post supplementation with a probiotic were included. To control for differences in scales of measurement, data were converted to percentage change, and the standardized mean difference between the probiotic and control groups was investigated using Revman software. A random effects model was used for analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I statistic. Quality assessment was undertaken using the Rosendal scale.
RESULTS
Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and provided data for nine comparisons. All studies passed the quality analysis. The meta-analysis showed that supplementation with probiotics resulted in a statistically significant improvement in psychological symptoms (standardized mean difference 0.34; 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.61, Z = 2.49) compared with placebo.
CONCLUSION
These results show that probiotic consumption may have a positive effect on psychological symptoms of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress in healthy human volunteers.
Topics: Affect; Anxiety; Biomedical Research; Depression; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Nutritional Status; Probiotics; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27841940
DOI: 10.1089/acm.2016.0023 -
Nutritional Neuroscience Mar 2022The prevalence of migraine is higher in patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Possible underlying mechanisms could be increased intestinal permeability and systemic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The prevalence of migraine is higher in patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Possible underlying mechanisms could be increased intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation. Probiotics may reduce gut permeability as well as inflammation, and therefore may improve the clinical features of migraine. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of probiotic supplementation on the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Magiran.com and Sid.ir to identify eligible studies published up to October 2019. A meta-analysis of eligible trials was performed using the random-effects model to estimate pooled effect size. Three randomized controlled trials with 179 patients (probiotic group = 94, placebo group = 85) were included. Probiotic supplementation had no significant effect on frequency (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -2.54 attacks/month, 95%CI: -5.31-0.22, = 0.071) and severity of migraine attacks (WMD = -1.23 visual analog scale (VAS) score, 95%CI = -3.37-0.92, = 0.262) with significant heterogeneity among the studies ( = 98%, < 0.001). A pooled analysis of available randomized controlled clinical trials showed that probiotic supplementation had no significant effect on the frequency and severity of episodic migraine attacks.
Topics: Humans; Inflammation; Migraine Disorders; Probiotics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 32420827
DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2020.1764292 -
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice Aug 2023Lifestyle changes and dietary intervention, including the use of probiotics, can modulate dysbiosis of gut microbiome and contribute to the management of type 2 diabetes... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Lifestyle changes and dietary intervention, including the use of probiotics, can modulate dysbiosis of gut microbiome and contribute to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the efficacy of metformin plus probiotics versus metformin alone on outcomes in patients with T2DM.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to February 2023 to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which compared the use of metformin plus probiotics versus metformin alone in adult patients with T2DM. Data were summarized as mean differences (MD) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) and pooled under the random effects model.
FINDINGS
Fourteen RCTs (17 comparisons, 1009 patients) were included in this systematic review. Pooled results show a significant decrease in fasting glucose (FG) (MD = -0.64, 95 % CI = -1.06, -0.22) and HbA1c (MD = -0.29, 95 % CI = -0.47, -0.10) levels in patients with T2DM treated with metformin plus probiotics versus metformin alone. The addition of probiotics to metformin resulted in lower odds of gastrointestinal adverse events (Odds ratio = 0.18, 95 % CI = 0.09, 0.3.8; I = 0 %).
CONCLUSIONS
The addition of probiotics to metformin therapy is associated with improvement in T2DM outcomes. However, high-quality and adequately reported RCTs are needed in the future to confirm our findings.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Metformin; Hypoglycemic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Probiotics; Fasting
PubMed: 37369280
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110806 -
The Journal of International Medical... Oct 2023We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether the addition of probiotics to the bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) for would improve the incidence of eradication and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether the addition of probiotics to the bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) for would improve the incidence of eradication and reduce that of side effects.
METHODS
Randomized controlled trials matching the inclusion criteria were collected from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model was used to calculate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the incidences of eradication rate, side effects as a whole, diarrhea, and other side effects.
RESULTS
Ten studies were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The pooled RRs for the eradication rates in intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses of the probiotic group . the control group were 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02-1.11) and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.00-1.07), respectively. Probiotic supplementation reduced the incidences of side effects (RR 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37-0.91), diarrhea (RR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.25-0.67), and bitter taste (RR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40-0.99).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this meta-analysis support the use of probiotics in combination with BQT in the clinical management of patients with infection.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter Infections; Bismuth; Helicobacter pylori; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dietary Supplements; Probiotics; Diarrhea; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37848344
DOI: 10.1177/03000605231203841 -
Minerva Dental and Oral Science Aug 2022Probiotics have gained considerable attention as intervention for various conditions in dentistry. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current literature on...
INTRODUCTION
Probiotics have gained considerable attention as intervention for various conditions in dentistry. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current literature on the efficacy of probiotic supplements for alleviating symptoms after tooth extractions and third molar surgery.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases up to October 15, 2021 using pertinent keywords to retrieve relevant literature. Based on abstracts, the authors reviewed the full text papers, extracted key outcome data, and assessed the risk of bias.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Four articles based on three RCT's were included of which three allowed compilation. There were no beneficial effects on the occurrence of postoperative infections or alveolitis, but we disclosed a significant trend towards less self-reported pain one week after the tooth extractions (RD -0.22; 95% CI -0.33; -0.11; P<0.05). Findings concerning swelling, discomfort and use of painkillers were inconsistent.
CONCLUSIONS
Probiotic supplements may offer clinical benefits within oral surgery, such as alleviating pain after tooth extractions. However, the certainty of these findings was very low due to risk of bias, heterogeneity, and inconsistencies across the studies. Further and larger investigations are required to strengthen the level of evidence.
Topics: Humans; Molar, Third; Pain; Postoperative Complications; Probiotics; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 35920291
DOI: 10.23736/S2724-6329.22.04661-7 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Oct 2023To assess the effect and safety of probiotics for treating urticaria. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
To assess the effect and safety of probiotics for treating urticaria.
METHODS
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) papers on the probiotics treatment published before May 2019 were retrieved from various databases like PubMed, EMbase, MEDLINE (Ovid), SCI-Hub, Springer, ClinicalKey, VIP, and CNKI. The treatment plan that we include are oral administration of single probiotic, multiple probiotics, and the combination of probiotics and antihistamines. Meta-analysis of the data was performed by RevMan 5.3 software.
RESULTS
A total of nine RCT papers were included: four papers for oral administration of single probiotic, three papers for oral administration of multiple probiotics, and two papers for oral administration of a probiotic combined with antihistamines. The results of meta-analysis showed that the therapeutic effect of the probiotic group was significantly higher than the control group (placebo or antihistamines) (RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.16, p = 0.006). And compared with the placebo group, the therapeutic effect of single probiotic group was significantly improved (RR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21, p = 0.03). Regarding therapeutic effect, there was no statistically significant difference between the multiple probiotics group and placebo group (RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.94 ~ 1.07, p = 0.91); the therapeutic effect of single probiotic combined antihistamine group was significantly higher than the antihistamine group (RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07-1.19, p < 0.0001). Regarding the incidence of adverse reactions, there was no significant difference between the probiotic group and the control group (p = 0.46).
CONCLUSION
The treatment plan of oral administration of probiotics has significant therapeutic effects on urticaria, but the therapeutic effects of the administration of multiple probiotics and the safety of probiotic therapy are still not yet obvious. Some large-scale, multi-centered RCT studies are needed in the future for clarification.
Topics: Humans; Probiotics; Administration, Oral; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Urticaria
PubMed: 37221968
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15782 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Aug 2023Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are associated with specific dietary habits, including limited food selection and gastrointestinal problems, resulting in an altered gut... (Review)
Review
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are associated with specific dietary habits, including limited food selection and gastrointestinal problems, resulting in an altered gut microbiota. Autistic patients have an elevated abundance of certain gut bacteria associated with increased oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic supplementation has been shown to decrease oxidative stress in a simulated gut model, but the antioxidant effects of probiotics on the oxidative stress of the gut in autistic patients have not been directly studied. However, it is speculated that probiotic supplementation may help decrease oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract of autistic patients due to their specific dietary habits altering the microbiota. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar were searched up to May 2023. This systematic-narrative review aims to present the latest evidence regarding the changes in eating habits of autistic children which may further increase the gut microbiota induced oxidative stress. Additionally, this review will assess the available literature on the effects of probiotic supplementation on oxidative stress parameters.
Topics: Child; Humans; Autistic Disorder; Probiotics; Gastrointestinal Tract; Microbiota; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 37418842
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.014