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Dermatologic Therapy May 2021Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatologic disorders affects people of all races and ethnicities and has many adverse effects on the quality of life. The... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatologic disorders affects people of all races and ethnicities and has many adverse effects on the quality of life. The increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics has reduced the effectiveness of treatment with these agents. There is an increasing focus on the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of acne. This study investigates the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant in the treatment of acne vulgaris. This systematic review was conducted through a search in databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo, and Medline using keywords including acne vulgaris, anti and NAC, and all the keywords associated with each of the subtitles. The factors affecting the occurrence and expansion of acne include increased sebum synthesis, hyperkeratinization of pilosebaceous units, colonization with Propionibacterium acnes, and increased release of inflammatory mediators and ROS. Studies have shown that glutathione stimulation following the administration of NAC increases glutathione levels for the detoxification of oxygen-free radicals. Moreover, NAC prevents the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, MP9, and IL-1β and has shown antibacterial activities against important bacteria including E. coli, S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella. This medication has anti-proliferative effects and is also used for excoriation and PCOD. The results of the present study showed the beneficial effects of using NAC in patients with acne vulgaris in terms of the disease complications and comorbidities. Given its diverse functional mechanisms, this medication can be used to treat acne and its consequences.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Quality of Life
PubMed: 33629414
DOI: 10.1111/dth.14915 -
The Medical Journal of Australia Sep 1998To document changes in the prevalence of resistance of Propionibacterium acnes to antibiotics used for treating acne. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To document changes in the prevalence of resistance of Propionibacterium acnes to antibiotics used for treating acne.
DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for publications on P. acnes resistance to systemic antibiotics. The search strategy mapped "acne" or "acne vulgaris" with the terms "antibiotic resistance" or "drug resistance, microbial". Only papers published in English during 1976 to 1997 were included in the search.
STUDY SELECTION
53 publications met the search criteria. The search output was refined by selecting papers that specifically addressed P. acnes resistance patterns. Additional studies (not included in the search output) were identified from review articles and references of the retrieved articles. Twelve articles were reviewed.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria, the incidence of individual resistance phenotypes, mixed resistance, and correlation between poor therapeutic response and resistant propionibacteria were extracted.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Research since 1978 has suggested an association between poor therapeutic response and antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria. The overall incidence of P. acnes antibiotic resistance has increased from 20% in 1978 to 62% in 1996. Resistance to specific antibiotics varied and was most commonly reported with erythromycin and clindamycin, tetracycline and doxcycline, and trimethoprim. Resistance to minocycline is rare.
CONCLUSIONS
In many patients with acne, continued treatment with antibiotics can be inappropriate or ineffective. It is important to recognise therapeutic failure and alter treatment accordingly. The use of long-term rotational antibiotics is outdated and will only exacerbate antibiotic resistance.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 9762064
DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb140250.x -
The Journal of Hospital Infection May 2022Bone allografts are harvested and transplanted under sterile conditions. However, the risk of bacterial contamination of grafts during these processes is a health... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Bone allografts are harvested and transplanted under sterile conditions. However, the risk of bacterial contamination of grafts during these processes is a health concern. Bioburden testing and bacterial contamination detection are conducted to ensure allograft sterility. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of bacterial contamination in bone allografts based on different classifications. A PROSPERO registration number was received for the study. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed and EMBASE databases with relevant keywords from January 2000 to March 2021. After choosing related studies according to the PRISMA flow diagram, Stata software was used for data analysis. We considered I˃50% as heterogeneity between studies. The overall incidence of bacterial contamination was 12.6% (95% confidence interval 0.100, 0.152) among 19,805 bone allografts of 17 studies. The bacterial contamination rate among bone allografts was 10.8% before 2010 and 14.7% from January 2010 to March 2021. The contamination frequency in Asia, Europe, and Australia was 11.5%, 14.3% and 5.2%, respectively. Bone contamination rates were higher in cadaver donors (19.9%), retrieval time sampling (13.5%), and swab samples (13.2%) compared with those in living donors (7.5%), implantation time sampling (6.9%), and bone fragments cultures (6.3%). Bacterial contamination was recovered 24.4%, 19.7%, 13.2%, and 21% from tibia, fibula, femoral, and other bones, respectively. Staphylococcus spp. was the predominant isolated bacteria from bones (63.2% of all isolated genera), followed by Propionibacterium spp. (10.6%). In conclusion, the high contamination of bone allografts is a health concern, indicating the need for more health monitoring and improvement of standards.
Topics: Allografts; Bacteria; Bone Transplantation; Humans; Tissue Banks; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 34752801
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.10.020 -
The Spine Journal : Official Journal of... Jun 2024An increasing number of research indicates an association between low-grade bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
An increasing number of research indicates an association between low-grade bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), and the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, no previous meta-analysis has systematically assessed the risk factors for low-grade bacterial infections that cause IDD.
PURPOSE
This study reviewed the literature to evaluate the risk factors associated with low-grade bacterial infection in patients with IDD.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
The systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Eligible articles explicitly identified the risk factors for low-grade bacterial infections in IDD patients. Patient demographics and total bacterial infection rates were extracted from each study. Meta-analysis was performed using random- or fixed-effects models, with statistical analyses conducted using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 software.aut.
RESULTS
Thirty-three studies involving 4,109 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled low-grade bacterial infection rate was 30% (range, 24%-37%), with P. acnes accounting for 25% (range, 19%-31%). P. acnes constituted 66.7% of bacteria-positive discs. Fourteen risk factors were identified, of which 8 were quantitatively explored. Strong evidence supported male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.65-2.79; p<.00001) and Modic changes (MCs) (OR=3.59; 95% CI=1.68-7.76; p=.0009); moderate evidence of sciatica (OR=2.31; 95% CI=1.33-4.00; p=.003) and younger age (OR=-3.47; 95% CI=-6.42 to -0.53; p=.02). No evidence supported previous disc surgery, MC type, Pfirrmann grade, smoking, or diabetes being risk factors for low-grade bacterial infections in patients with IDD.
CONCLUSIONS
Current evidence highlights a significant association between IDD and low-grade bacterial infections, predominantly P. acnes being the most common causative agent. Risk factors associated with low-grade bacterial infections in IDD include male sex, MCs, sciatica, and younger age.
Topics: Humans; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Risk Factors; Propionibacterium acnes; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 38365007
DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2024.02.001 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Type 2 diabetes, one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, is a metabolic disorder that results in failed homeostatic control in several body systems, including...
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes, one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, is a metabolic disorder that results in failed homeostatic control in several body systems, including hepatic function. Due to the gut microbiome's potential role in diabetes' pathogenesis, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been proposed as complimentary therapeutic approaches aimed at microbiota readjustment.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library examining the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on hepatic biomarkers in patients with diabetes.
RESULTS
From 9,502 search hits, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. A total of 816 participants (460 intervention and 356 control) were investigated for the effects of nine different hepatic biomarker measurements including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, bilirubin, liver steatosis, liver stiffness, fatty liver index, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels. Of the 13 intervention groups analyzed from the 10 studies, 3 were prebiotic interventions, 3 were single species probiotic interventions, 3 were multi-species probiotic interventions, and 4 were synbiotic interventions. Nutraceuticals used in these trials included six genera of bacteria (, and ), five different prebiotic formulations (inulin, inulin and beta carotene, chicory inulin enriched with oligofructose, galacto-oligosaccharides syrup, and powdered cinnamon), or a combination of these to form multi-species probiotics or synbiotics.
CONCLUSION
Although some studies showed insignificant changes in hepatic biomarkers, generally the results yielded a decrease in liver damage due to reduced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, gut dysbiosis, and insulin resistance which led to improvements in hepatic biomarker levels.
PubMed: 36532552
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1052619 -
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome Jan 2024Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism contribute to the progression and exacerbation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fish oil and probiotics are dietary... (Review)
Review
Comparison of the efficacy of fish oil and probiotic supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism contribute to the progression and exacerbation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fish oil and probiotics are dietary supplements that have the potential to improve glucose and lipid metabolism. However, their efficacy remains unclear in T2DM patients.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of fish oil or probiotic supplementation in T2DM patients from the database inception to December 13, 2023. Primary outcome indicators encompassed glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and blood lipid profile (triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Secondary outcome indicators included inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and adipocytokine (including leptin and adiponectin). The R software was used for statistical analysis, and GraphPad Prism was used for figure rendering.
RESULTS
A total of 60 RCTs involving 3845 T2DM patients were included in the analysis. The results showed that the probiotics (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Propionibacterium, etc.) were more effective in reducing HOMA-IR than fish oil (Surca = 0.935). Bifidobacterium demonstrated the highest efficacy in reducing HbA1c levels (Surca = 0.963). Regarding lipid metabolism, fish oil was superior to probiotics in lowering TG and TC levels (Surca values of 0.978 and 0.902, respectively). Furthermore, fish oil outperformed probiotics in reducing TNF-α (Surca = 0.839) and leptin (Surca = 0.712), and increasing adiponectin levels (Surca = 0.742). Node-splitting analysis showed good consistency (P > 0.05 for direct, indirect, and network comparison across various interventions).
CONCLUSIONS
In T2DM patients, fish oil was more effective than probiotics in regulating lipid metabolism. Probiotics outperformed fish oil in regulating glucose metabolism particularly; specifically, Bifidobacterium showed higher efficacy in reducing blood glucose.
PubMed: 38254166
DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01266-3 -
Zoonoses and Public Health Mar 2015Human illness due to infections with Escherichia coli O157 is a serious health concern. Infection occurs through direct contact with infected animals or their faeces,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Human illness due to infections with Escherichia coli O157 is a serious health concern. Infection occurs through direct contact with infected animals or their faeces, through contaminated food or water and/or through person-to-person transmission. A reduction in faecal E. coli O157 shedding in cattle might reduce the burden of human infections. We used systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of direct-fed microbials (DFM), compared with placebo or no treatment, fed during the pre-harvest stage of production in reducing faecal E. coli O157 shedding in beef cattle during field trials. Four electronic databases, Nebraska Beef Reports and review article reference lists were searched. A total of 16 publications assessing faecal shedding at the end of the trial and/or throughout the trial period were included. The majority of publicly disseminated trials evaluated the prevalence of E. coli O157 faecal shedding; only two evaluated the concentration of organisms in faeces. The prevalence of faecal E. coli O157 shedding in cattle is significantly reduced by DFM treatments (summary effect size for all DFM - OR = 0.46; CI = 0.36-0.60). The DFM combination Lactobacillus acidophilus (NP51) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii (NP24) was more efficacious in reducing the prevalence of faecal E. coli O157 shedding at the time of harvest and throughout the trial period compared with the group of other DFM, although this difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, we found that the combination [NP51 and NP24] treatment was more efficacious in reducing the prevalence of faecal E. coli O157 shedding at the time of harvest and throughout the trial period when fed at the dose of 10(9) CFU/animal/day than any lesser amount, although this difference was not statistically significant. Feeding beef cattle DFM during the pre-harvest stage of production reduces the prevalence of E. coli O157 faecal shedding and might effectively reduce human infections.
Topics: Animals; Antibiosis; Bacterial Shedding; Cattle; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli O157; Humans; Probiotics; Zoonoses
PubMed: 24751204
DOI: 10.1111/zph.12112 -
Journal of Reproductive Immunology Feb 2022To assess the available scientific evidence regarding the placental microbial composition of a healthy pregnancy, the quality of this evidence, and the potential...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the available scientific evidence regarding the placental microbial composition of a healthy pregnancy, the quality of this evidence, and the potential relation between placental and oral microbiome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data sources: MEDLINE and EMBASE up to August 1, 2019.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Human subjects; healthy women; term deliveries; healthy normal birth weight; assessment of microorganisms (bacteria) in placental tissue; full research papers in English. The quality of the included studies was assessed by a modified Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies.
RESULTS
57 studies passed the inclusion criteria. Of these, 33 had a high risk of quality bias (e.g., insufficient infection control, lack of negative controls, poor description of the healthy cases). The remaining 24 studies had a low (N = 12) to moderate (N = 12) risk of bias and were selected for in-depth analysis. Of these 24 studies, 22 reported microorganisms in placental tissues, where Lactobacillus (11 studies), Ureaplasma (7), Fusobacterium (7), Staphylococcus (7), Prevotella (6) and Streptococcus (6) were among the most frequently identified genera. Methylobacterium (4), Propionibacterium (3), Pseudomonas (3) and Escherichia (2), among others, although frequently reported in placental samples, were often reported as contaminants in studies that used negative controls.
CONCLUSIONS
The results support the existence of a low biomass placental microbiota in healthy pregnancies. Some of the microbial taxa found in the placenta might have an oral origin. The high risk of quality bias for the majority of the included studies indicates that the results of individual papers should be interpreted with caution.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Female; Fusobacterium; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Placenta; Pregnancy; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ureaplasma
PubMed: 34883392
DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103455 -
Urologic Oncology Oct 2013The potential role of genitourinary infection in the etiology of prostate cancer (CaP) has been extensively investigated for 30 years. Two basic approaches have been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The potential role of genitourinary infection in the etiology of prostate cancer (CaP) has been extensively investigated for 30 years. Two basic approaches have been used: tissue-based methods (polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization) and serologic assays (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, etc.). The objective of this review was to answer the question of whether infection of the male genitourinary tract may have a role in the etiology of CaP.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We have carried out a systematic review of the evidence that was published in the MEDLINE/PubMed database until December 2011. The search terms included "prostate cancer," "infection," and the explicit names of the various infectious agents. Additional studies were identified using a reference search. A total of 74 papers were included in the review, which cover the following infectious agents: human papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus, BK virus, JC virus, chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, trichomonas, neisseria, treponema, Propionibacterium acnes, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus and Candida albicans.
RESULTS
Despite the variable study designs and methodological approaches that were used, most of the pathogens that were studied were unlikely to be directly involved in prostate carcinogenesis.
CONCLUSIONS
The role of infection in the etiology of CaP has yet to be determined despite 30 years of research efforts. A discovery of an infectious agent that is associated with CaP would be of great medical importance; however, such a link would have to be firmly established before impacting on patient care.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Mycoses; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 22459691
DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.01.013 -
European Spine Journal : Official... Feb 2022Back pain is a major problem worldwide and is linked to intervertebral disc degeneration and Modic change. Several studies report growth of bacteria following extraction... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Back pain is a major problem worldwide and is linked to intervertebral disc degeneration and Modic change. Several studies report growth of bacteria following extraction of degenerate discs at spine surgery. A pathophysiological role for infection in back pain has been proposed.
METHOD
We conducted a PRISMA systematic review. MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched with the terms Modic change, intervertebral dis*, bacteria, microb*, and infect*. Date limits of 2001-2021 were set. Human studies investigating the role of bacteria in disc degeneration or Modic change in vertebrae were included.
RESULTS
Thirty-six articles from 34 research investigations relating to bacteria in human degenerate discs were found. Cutibacterium acnes was identified in pathological disc material. A 'candidate bacterium' approach has been repeatedly adopted which may have biased results to find species a priori, with disc microbial evidence heavily weighted to find C. acnes.
CONCLUSION
Evidence to date implicates C. acnes identified through culture, microscopy and sequencing, with some suggestion of diverse bacterial colonisation in the disc. This review found studies which used culture methods and conventional PCR for bacterial detection. Further agnostic investigation using newer methods should be undertaken.
Topics: Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Low Back Pain; Lumbar Vertebrae; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 34862912
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-021-07062-1