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Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Sep 2023Whether remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) and MDD present common or distinct neuropathological mechanisms remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Common and distinct patterns of task-related neural activation abnormalities in patients with remitted and current major depressive disorder: A systematic review and coordinate-based meta-analysis.
Whether remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) and MDD present common or distinct neuropathological mechanisms remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of task-related whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using anisotropic effect-size signed differential mapping software to compare brain activation between rMDD/MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs). We included 18 rMDD studies (458 patients and 476 HCs) and 120 MDD studies (3746 patients and 3863 HCs). The results showed that MDD and rMDD patients shared increased neural activation in the right temporal pole and right superior temporal gyrus. Several brain regions, including the right middle temporal gyrus, left inferior parietal, prefrontal cortex, left superior frontal gyrus and striatum, differed significantly between MDD and rMDD. Meta-regression analyses revealed that the percentage of females with MDD was positively associated with brain activity in the right lenticular nucleus/putamen. Our results provide valuable insights into the underlying neuropathology of brain dysfunction in MDD, developing more targeted and efficacious treatment and intervention strategies, and more importantly, providing potential neuroimaging targets for the early screening of MDD.
Topics: Female; Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Brain; Brain Mapping; Prefrontal Cortex; Temporal Lobe; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37315658
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105284 -
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Jul 2022Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its effector hormone cortisol have been proposed as one possible mechanism linking child maltreatment... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its effector hormone cortisol have been proposed as one possible mechanism linking child maltreatment experiences to health disparities. In this series of meta-analyses, we aimed to quantify the existing evidence on the effect of child maltreatment on various measures of HPA axis activity. The systematic literature search yielded 1,858 records, of which 87 studies (k = 132) were included. Using random-effects models, we found evidence for blunted cortisol stress reactivity in individuals exposed to child maltreatment. In contrast, no overall differences were found in any of the other HPA axis activity measures (including measures of daily activity, cortisol assessed in the context of pharmacological challenges and cumulative measures of cortisol secretion). The impact of several moderators (e.g., sex, psychopathology, study quality), the role of methodological shortcomings of existing studies, as well as potential directions for future research are discussed.
Topics: Child; Child Abuse; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Pituitary-Adrenal System
PubMed: 35202606
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100987 -
Ageing Research Reviews Aug 2023Social health factors (e.g., social activities or social support) and cognitive activity engagement have been associated with dementia risk, but their neural substrates... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Social health factors (e.g., social activities or social support) and cognitive activity engagement have been associated with dementia risk, but their neural substrates have not been well established. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the available evidence regarding the association between these factors and cerebral macro- and micro-structure. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in various databases, following predefined criteria. Heterogeneity, risk of publication bias and overall certainty of evidence were assessed using standardized scales and, whenever appropriate, random effects meta-analysis was conducted. Of 6715 identified articles, 43 were included. Overall, consistency of findings was low and methodological heterogeneity high for all outcomes. However, in some studies cognitive and social activities were positively associated with total brain, global and cortical grey matter and hippocampal volume as well as white matter microstructural integrity. Furthermore, structural social network characteristics (e.g., social network size) were associated with regional grey matter volumes, while functional social network characteristics (e.g., social support) were additionally associated with total brain volume. Meta-analyses revealed small but significant partial correlations between cognitive and social activities and hippocampal (three studies; n = 892; r =0.07) and white matter hyperintensity volume (three studies; n = 2934; r =-0.04). More prospective studies are needed to assess temporal associations.
Topics: Humans; Brain; Hippocampus; Prospective Studies; Cognition
PubMed: 37356551
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101986 -
NeuroImage Nov 2021Existing models of emotion processing are based almost exclusively on brain activation data, yet make assumptions about network connectivity. There is a need to... (Review)
Review
Existing models of emotion processing are based almost exclusively on brain activation data, yet make assumptions about network connectivity. There is a need to integrate connectivity findings into these models. We systematically reviewed all studies of functional and effective connectivity employing tasks to investigate negative emotion processing and regulation in healthy participants. Thirty-three studies met inclusion criteria. A quality assessment tool was derived from prominent neuroimaging papers. The evidence supports existing models, with primarily limbic regions for salience and identification, and frontal areas important for emotion regulation. There was mixed support for the assumption that regulatory influences on limbic and sensory areas come predominantly from prefrontal areas. Rather, studies quantifying effective connectivity reveal context-dependent dynamic modulatory relationships between occipital, subcortical, and frontal regions, arguing against purely top-down regulatory theoretical models. Our quality assessment tool found considerable variability in study design and tasks employed. The findings support and extend those of previous syntheses focused on activation studies, and provide evidence for a more nuanced view of connectivity in networks of human emotion processing and regulation.
Topics: Amygdala; Brain Mapping; Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Female; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Nerve Net; Neural Pathways; Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed: 34438255
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118486 -
Psychiatry Research 2012This meta-analysis evaluates alterations of neurometabolites in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. PubMed was searched to find controlled studies evaluating... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This meta-analysis evaluates alterations of neurometabolites in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. PubMed was searched to find controlled studies evaluating N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho) and Creatine (Cr) assessed with ((1))H-MRS (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder up to September 2010. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate pooled standardized mean differences. The statistic was used to quantify inconsistencies. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential explanations for inconsistencies. The systematic review included 146 studies with 5643 participants. NAA levels were affected in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Decreased levels in the basal ganglia and frontal lobe were the most consistent findings in schizophrenia; decreased levels in the basal ganglia were the most consistent findings in bipolar disorder. Cho and Cr levels were not altered in either disorder. Findings for Cr were most consistent in the thalamus, frontal lobe and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and the basal ganglia and frontal lobe in bipolar disorder. Findings for Cho were most consistent in the thalamus, frontal lobe and anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia and basal ganglia in bipolar disorder. Large, carefully designed studies are needed to better estimate the extent of alterations in neurometabolites.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Bipolar Disorder; Choline; Creatine; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex; Reference Values; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Thalamus
PubMed: 22981426
DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.02.003 -
Epilepsia Feb 2021Incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) is a relatively frequent radiological finding at visual inspection in both epilepsy and healthy controls, but its clinical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) is a relatively frequent radiological finding at visual inspection in both epilepsy and healthy controls, but its clinical significance is unclear. Here, we systematically retrieve and assess the association between epilepsy and IHI using a meta-analytic approach. Additionally, we estimate the prevalence of IHI in patients with malformation of cortical development (MCD).
METHODS
We systematically searched two databases (Embase and PubMed) to identify potentially eligible studies from their inception to December 2019. For inclusion, studies were population-based, case-control, observational studies reporting on epilepsy and IHI. The risk of developing epilepsy in IHI (estimated with odds ratio [ORs]) and the frequency of IHI among patients with MCD are provided.
RESULTS
We screened 3601 records and assessed eligibility of 2812 full-text articles. The final material included 13 studies involving 1630 subjects. Seven studies (1329 subjects: 952 epileptic and 377 nonepileptic) were included for the estimation of the risk of developing epilepsy in the presence of IHI. The estimated OR of active epilepsy in IHI was 1.699 (95% confidence interval = 0.880-3.281), with moderate heterogeneity across studies (I = 71%). Seven studies (591 patients) provided information about the frequency of IHI in MCD. Up to one third of patients with MCD (27.9%) presented coexistent IHI.
SIGNIFICANCE
The present findings confirm that IHI is commonly observed in patients with MCD especially in periventricular nodular heterotopia or polymicrogyria. However, the estimated OR indicates overall weak increased odds of epilepsy in people with IHI, suggesting that the presence of isolated IHI cannot be considered a strong independent predictor for epilepsy development. Clear-cut neuroradiological criteria for IHI and advanced postprocessing analyses on structural magnetic resonance imaging scans are recommended to highlight differences between epileptogenic and nonepileptogenic IHI.
Topics: Epilepsy; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Malformations of Cortical Development; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33325054
DOI: 10.1111/epi.16787 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Aug 2007Around 1% of adults have Parkinson's disease, with a median time of 9 years between diagnosis and death. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Around 1% of adults have Parkinson's disease, with a median time of 9 years between diagnosis and death.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of drug treatments in people with early-stage Parkinson's disease? What are the effects of adding other treatments in people with Parkinson's disease who have motor complications from levodopa? What are the effects of surgery in people with later Parkinson's disease? What are the effects of nursing and rehabilitation treatments in people with Parkinson's disease? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to November 2006 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 59 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: adding a catechol-methyl transferase inhibitor, or dopamine agonist to levodopa; amantadine; dopamine agonists; levodopa (immediate-release, modified-release); monoamine oxidase B inhibitors; occupational therapy; pallidal deep brain stimulation; pallidotomy; Parkinson's disease nurse specialist interventions; physiotherapy; speech and language therapy; subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation; subthalamotomy; swallowing therapy; thalamic deep brain stimulation; and thalamotomy.
Topics: Deep Brain Stimulation; Globus Pallidus; Humans; Levodopa; Parkinson Disease; Subthalamic Nucleus
PubMed: 19454106
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Apr 2022Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) has been used to focally regulate excitability of neural cortex over the past decade - however there is little consensus on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) has been used to focally regulate excitability of neural cortex over the past decade - however there is little consensus on the generalizability of effects reported in individual studies. Many studies use small sample sizes (N < 30), and there is a considerable amount of methodological heterogeneity in application of the stimulation itself. This systematic meta-analysis aims to consolidate the extant literature and determine if up-regulatory theta-burst stimulation reliably enhances cognition through measurable behavior. Results show that iTBS - when compared to suitable control conditions - may enhance cognition when outlier studies are removed, but also that there is a significant amount of heterogeneity across studies. Significant contributors to between-study heterogeneity include location of stimulation and method of navigation to the stimulation site. Surprisingly, the type of cognitive domain investigated was not a significant contributor of heterogeneity. The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate that standardization of iTBS is urgent and necessary to determine if neuroenhancement of particular cognitive faculties are reliable and robust, and measurable through observable behavior.
Topics: Cerebral Cortex; Cognition; Humans; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
PubMed: 35202646
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104587 -
International Forum of Allergy &... Jan 2022Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) are used in the management of sinonasal conditions. Use of exogenous steroids can be associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) are used in the management of sinonasal conditions. Use of exogenous steroids can be associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and adrenal insufficiency (AI). We aimed to estimate the rate of AI after INCS use in a meta-analysis, stratified by steroid type and treatment duration.
METHODS
Ovid Medline, Embase Classic, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify studies investigating INCS use and AI. AI was defined as morning serum cortisol <550 nmol/L and <80 nmol/L with and without adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation. INCS were classified as first (beclomethasone dipropionate, triamcinolone acetonide, beclomethasone, budesonide, dexamethasone) and second (ciclesonide, mometasone furoate, and fluticasone propionate) generation. Duration of treatment was classified as short (<1 month), medium (1-12 months), and long-term (>12 months) time periods.
RESULTS
This search identified 3668 articles. A total of 39 studies (1678 patients) were included in the final analysis. The pooled percentage of AI for routinely utilized first- and second-generation INCS was 0.70% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-1.12%). Stratified by type, AI was observed in 0.78% (95% CI, 0.25-1.30%) of first-generation and 0.58% (95% CI, -0.1% to 1.26%) of second-generation steroids. AI was seen in 0.48% (95% CI, -0.01% to 0.96%) of short-term, 1.13% (95% CI, 0.2-2.1%) of medium-term, and 1.67% (95% CI, 0.37-2.9%) of long-term use of INCS.
CONCLUSION
Overall, the use of INCS carries a low risk for AI. Although modest, this risk may differ depending on the length of duration and type of INCS used. Informing patients of these risks is of importance for the treatment of chronic sinonasal conditions.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Mometasone Furoate; Pituitary-Adrenal System
PubMed: 34260153
DOI: 10.1002/alr.22863 -
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Sep 2022The effect of high-frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can relieve chronic pain and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The effect of high-frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can relieve chronic pain and accompanying depressive symptoms. However, in recent years, some high-quality studies have challenged this view. Therefore, it is necessary to update the data and analyze the effects of HF rTMS on the DLPFC on chronic pain and accompanying depression. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of HF rTMS on the DLPFC on chronic pain and accompanying depression. We searched PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane through September 2021. The search strings searched were : "pain" AND ("TMS" OR "transcranial magnetic stimulation") AND "prefrontal cortex". The inclusion criteria according to PICOS was as follows: P, patient with chronic pain; I, HF (≥5 Hz) rTMS on the DLPFC; C, included a sham treatment condition; O, pain indicators; S, pre-/poststudies, crossover, or parallel-group. We extracted the pain and accompanying depression evaluation indicators. The short-term analgesic effect of HF rTMS over the left DLPFC is not significant (WMD = 0.34, 95% CI: [-1.60, 2.28]) but has a significant mid-term and long-term analgesic effect on chronic pain (WMD = -0.50, 95% CI: [-0.99, -0.01]; WMD = -1.10, 95% CI: [-2.00, -0.19], respectively). HF rTMS over the DLPFC can effectively alleviate the depressive symptoms of patients with chronic pain (WMD = -0.83, 95% CI: [-3.01, 1.36]). Thus, HF rTMS on the left DLPFC can relieve chronic pain and accompanying depressive symptoms.
Topics: Chronic Pain; Depression; Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex; Humans; Prefrontal Cortex; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35969469
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00395