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Medicine Jul 2018PGE1 has been studied for prevention of CI-AKI in several RCTs and significant heterogeneous results exist. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
PGE1 has been studied for prevention of CI-AKI in several RCTs and significant heterogeneous results exist.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, EMBase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to December 26, 2017 for RCTs comparing PGE1 with placebo or other active medications for the prevention of CI-AKI in patients. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for pooling dichotomous data, while mean difference and 95% confidence interval for pooling continuous data.
RESULTS
Seven RCTs involving 1760 patients were included in this meta-analysis. All these 7 trials reported the incidence of CI-AKI and compared with placebo or other treatment options, PGE1 was associated with a reduced risk of CI-AKI (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.28-0.53; P < .001) and only a trend for lower post procedure serum creatinine (Scr) levels compared with control groups at 48 hours (MD: -0.03 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.02 mg/dL; P = .25; 6 trials combined). But the postprocedure Scr levels were significantly reduced in PGE1 groups compared with control groups at 72 hours (MD: -0.07 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.04 mg/dL; P < .001; 4 trials combined). We also meta-analyzed the postprocedure cystatin C (CysC) at 24 and 48 hours with 2 trials. There were lower postprocedure CysC levels in PGE1 groups than those in control groups (MD: -0.18 mg/L, 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.03 mg/L; P = .02 at 24 hours and MD: -0.14 mg/L, 95% CI: -0.23 to -0.06 mg/L; P = .001 at 48 hours).
CONCLUSIONS
PGE1 provides effective nephroprotection against CI-AKI and may act as a part of effective prophylactic pharmacological regimens.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Alprostadil; Contrast Media; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30024512
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011416 -
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... Nov 2021The relationship between omega-3 index and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. It is unclear if the change of omega-3 index will affect T2D. Aiming of the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The relationship between omega-3 index and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. It is unclear if the change of omega-3 index will affect T2D. Aiming of the present systematic review was to elucidate the correlation between omega-3 index and T2D.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN
A comprehensive search on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science (from 1948 to May 2021) was conducted. The overall effect size (standard mean difference) was combined using a random-effect model.
RESULTS
Eight eligible case-control studies were identified, and there were 1,357 patients with T2D and 1,616 non-diabetic controls. The result showed that the omega-3 index was significantly lower in diabetic cases than that in controls (SMD= -1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.40, -1.22), but with significant heterogeneity (I = 99.0%). In subgroup analysis based on race, a negative correlation was found in Asians (SMD = -1.71; 95% CI: -1.82, -1.60), and heterogeneity was substantially decreased (I=0).
CONCLUSIONS
omega-3 index is negatively correlated with T2D, which indicated that increased dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids might have beneficial on T2D prevention.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic
PubMed: 34740031
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102361 -
Inflammation Research : Official... Mar 2022Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the inexplicable aggravation of cellular dysfunction that results in blood flow restoration to previously ischemic tissues. COX... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the inexplicable aggravation of cellular dysfunction that results in blood flow restoration to previously ischemic tissues. COX mediates the oxidative conversion of AA to various prostaglandins and thromboxanes, which are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. In the pathophysiology of I/R injuries, COX has been found to play an important role. I/R injuries affect most vital organs and are characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death, and apoptosis, leading to morbidity and mortality.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic literature review of Bentham, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the Nature and mechanistic interventions of the Cyclooxygenase modulations in ischemic injury. Here, we have discussed the COX Physiology and downstream signalling pathways modulated by COX, e.g., Camp Pathway, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Activity, NF-kB Signalling, PI3K/Akt Signalling in ischemic injury.
CONCLUSION
This review will discuss the various COX types, specifically COX-1 and COX-2, which are involved in developing I/R injury in organs such as the brain, spinal cord, heart, kidney, liver, and intestine.
Topics: Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Humans; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Prostaglandins; Reperfusion Injury
PubMed: 35175358
DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01546-6 -
PloS One 2021Prostaglandins are thought to be important mediators in the initiation of human labour, however the evidence supporting this is not entirely clear. Determining how, and...
Prostaglandins are thought to be important mediators in the initiation of human labour, however the evidence supporting this is not entirely clear. Determining how, and which, prostaglandins change during pregnancy and labour may provide insight into mechanisms governing labour initiation and the potential to predict timing of labour onset. The current study systematically searched the existing scientific literature to determine how biofluid levels of prostaglandins change throughout pregnancy before and during labour, and whether prostaglandins and/or their metabolites may be useful for prediction of labour. The databases EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for English-language articles on prostaglandins measured in plasma, serum, amniotic fluid, or urine during pregnancy and/or spontaneous labour. Studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias and a qualitative summary of included studies was generated. Our review identified 83 studies published between 1968-2021 that met the inclusion criteria. As measured in amniotic fluid, levels of PGE2, along with PGF2α and its metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α were reported higher in labour compared to non-labour. In blood, only 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α was reported higher in labour. Additionally, PGF2α, PGF1α, and PGE2 were reported to increase in amniotic fluid as pregnancy progressed, though this pattern was not consistent in plasma. Overall, the evidence supporting changes in prostaglandin levels in these biofluids remains unclear. An important limitation is the lack of data on the complexity of the prostaglandin pathway outside of the PGE and PGF families. Future studies using new methodologies capable of co-assessing multiple prostaglandins and metabolites, in large, well-defined populations, will help provide more insight as to the identification of exactly which prostaglandins and/or metabolites consistently change with labour. Revisiting and revising our understanding of the prostaglandins may provide better targets for clinical monitoring of pregnancies. This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Body Fluids; Databases, Factual; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Labor Onset; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocics; Plasma; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Serum; Urine
PubMed: 34793529
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260115 -
Respiratory Medicine Sep 2013Epidemiological data has established increasing adiposity as a risk factor for incident asthma. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Epidemiological data has established increasing adiposity as a risk factor for incident asthma. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and asthma are incompletely understood. In the present paper, we review current knowledge of possible mechanisms mediating the observed association between obesity and asthma.
METHODS
Systematic literature review.
RESULTS
Obesity and asthma share some etiological factors, such as a common genetic predisposition and effects of in utero conditions, and may also have common predisposing factors such as physical activity and diet. Obesity results in important changes in the mechanical properties of the respiratory system which could explain the occurrence of asthma. However, there are also plausible biological mechanisms whereby obesity could be expected to either cause or worsen asthma. These include co-morbidities such as gastro-oesophageal reflux, complications from sleep-disordered breathing, breathing at low lung volumes, chronic systemic inflammation, and endocrine factors, including adipokines and reproductive hormones. Obesity related asthma is in general not associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation, and adipokines are likely to play important roles in the inflammatory pathogenesis of asthma in obese individuals.
CONCLUSION
The association between obesity and asthma is not straightforward, and further knowledge is clearly needed, as understanding the underlying mechanisms may lead to new therapeutic options for this high-risk part of the asthma population.
Topics: Adipokines; Adiposity; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asthma; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Dinoprost; Environment; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Life Style; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Oxidative Stress; Respiratory Function Tests; Sex Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 23642708
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.03.019 -
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... Jul 2022The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiovascular risk modification in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiovascular risk modification in type 2 diabetes and related complications remain unclear. We aim to assess the published effects of n-3 PUFA interventions on lipid risk factors in type 2 diabetes.
METHODS
We searched the literature on Pubmed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases in order to perform a pooled analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing n-3 PUFA interventions in type 2 diabetes. The primary outcomes analyzed were the effect of n -3 PUFAs on metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes.
RESULTS
46 RCTs involving 4991 patients with type 2 diabetes were identified for further analysis. Analysis of results showed that n-3 PUFAs interventions significantly improved total cholesterol (TC, WMD = -0.22; 95% CI: -0.32∼ -0.11), triglyceride (TG,WMD = -0.36; 95% CI: -0.48∼-0.25), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C,WMD = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02∼ 0.08), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, WMD = -0.19; 95% CI: -0.31∼-0.06) and C-reactive protein (CRP,WMD = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.74∼-0.07) levels compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was no significant effect on renal function, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), adiponectin and leptin (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this systematic review suggest that n-3 PUFAs can improve cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Humans
PubMed: 35717726
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102456 -
Annals of Biomedical Engineering Dec 2023Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT) was widely used in clinical practice for tendon disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms and effectiveness of LLLT in treating tendon... (Review)
Review
Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT) was widely used in clinical practice for tendon disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms and effectiveness of LLLT in treating tendon injury remain unclear. Therefore, the present study was conducted aiming to summarize the evidence regarding the histological, physiological, and biomechanical effects of LLLT on tendon healing in animal and human models. Four databases were searched for relevant literature. Four independent reviewers screened abstracts and full-text articles, extracted relevant data, evaluated the risk of bias, and quantified the quality of evidence. Database searches yielded 1400 non-duplicated citations. Fifty-five studies were included (50 animal and five human studies). Animal studies revealed that LT had stimulating effects on collagen organization, collagen I and collagen II formation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, transforming growth factor β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, hydroxyproline, maximum load, maximum elongation before breaking, and tendon stiffness. However, LLLT had inhibitory effects on the number of inflammatory cells, histological scores, relative amount of collagen III, cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, MMP-1, and MMP-3. Although one human study found that LLLT reduced the concentration of PGE2 in peritendinous tissue of the Achilles tendon, other human studies revealed that the effects of LLLT on the physiology and biomechanics of human tendons remained uncertain. LLLT facilitates tendon healing through various histological, physiological, and biomechanical effects in animal models. Only post-LLLT anti-inflammatory effects were found in human studies.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Animals; Low-Level Light Therapy; Rats, Wistar; Tendinopathy; Dinoprostone; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Collagen; Achilles Tendon
PubMed: 37899380
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03364-1 -
Ageing Research Reviews Feb 2022The association between F-isoprostanes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been controversially discussed in the literature since the 1990s. However, no systematic review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
The association between F-isoprostanes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been controversially discussed in the literature since the 1990s. However, no systematic review has been performed so far.
METHODS
A systematic review of observational studies on the associations of F-isoprostanes and the specific biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F with AD were conducted. Random-effects model meta-analyses were performed.
RESULTS
29 studies were included in the systematic review, including four longitudinal studies. In an overall meta-analysis of the 25 cross-sectional studies, F-isoprostane levels were statistically significantly associated with AD (Hedge's g [95% confidence interval]: 1.00 [0.69-1.32]). When studies were grouped by biomarker and sample specimen, F-isoprostane and 8-iso-prostaglandin F levels were statistically significantly elevated in tissue samples of the frontal lobe of AD patients. Moreover, F-isoprostane levels in cerebrospinal fluid and 8-iso-prostaglandin F levels in blood samples of AD patients were significantly increased. Meta-analyses of the few longitudinal studies did not reach statistical significance.
DISCUSSION
Increased concentrations of F-isoprostanes were found in AD patients. However, due to the lack of adjustment in most cross-sectional case-control studies, results must be interpreted carefully. In addition, the causality of the association is uncertain because evidence from well-conducted longitudinal studies was conflicting, and further longitudinal studies are required to reinforce the results.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dinoprost; F2-Isoprostanes; Humans; Isoprostanes; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 34954419
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101552 -
BMC Medical Genetics Aug 2017Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a group of vascular diseases that produce right ventricular dysfunction, heart failure syndrome, and death. Although the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a group of vascular diseases that produce right ventricular dysfunction, heart failure syndrome, and death. Although the majority of patients appear idiopathic, accumulated research work combined with current sequencing technology show that many gene variants could be an important component of the disease. However, current guidelines, clinical practices, and available gene panels focus the diagnosis of PAH on a relatively low number of genes and variants associated with the bone morphogenic proteins and transforming Growth Factor-β pathways, such as the BMPR2, ACVRL1, CAV1, ENG, and SMAD9.
METHODS
To provide an expanded view of the genes and variants associated with PAH, we performed a systematic literature review. Facilitated by a web tool, we classified, curated, and annotated most of the genes and PubMed abstracts related to PAH, in which many of the mutations and variants were not annotated in public databases such as ClinVar from NCBI. The gene list generated was compared with other available tests.
RESULTS
Our results reveal that there is genetic evidence for at least 30 genes, of which 21 genes shown specific mutations. Most of the genes are not covered by current available genetic panels. Many of these variants were not annotated in the ClinVar database and a mapping of these mutations suggest that next generation sequencing is needed to cover all mutations found in PAH or related diseases. A pathway analysis of these genes indicated that, in addition to the BMP and TGFβ pathways, there was connections with the nitric oxide, prostaglandin, and calcium homeostasis signalling, which may be important components in PAH.
CONCLUSION
Our systematic review proposes an expanded gene panel for more accurate characterization of the genetic incidence and risk in PAH. Their usage would increase the knowledge of PAH in terms of genetic counseling, early diagnosis, and potential prognosis of the disease.
Topics: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Databases, Genetic; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Mutation; Risk; Signal Transduction; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 28768485
DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0440-5 -
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... Mar 2019Eating disorders result in poor nutrition, poor physical conditions and even suicidality and mortality. Although polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have attracted... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Eating disorders result in poor nutrition, poor physical conditions and even suicidality and mortality. Although polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have attracted attention in the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, their role in eating disorders remains unknown. This meta-analysis investigates the differences of PUFA levels between patients with eating disorders and healthy controls, and the potentially beneficial effects of PUFAs in such patients.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature search and meta-analysis under the random effects model.
RESULT
Eleven studies were included in the current meta-analysis. Compared with controls, 379 patients with eating disorders had significantly higher plasma levels of alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, stearidonic acid, osbond acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and total omega-3 fatty acids; and lower levels of total omega-6 fatty acids and omega-6/omega-3 ratio. Eating disorders were associated with significantly higher red blood cell membrane levels of palmitoleic acid and oleic acid and lower levels of adrenic acid, arachidonic acid, and total omega-6 fatty acids. In addition, PUFA supplements were associated with a benefit to body weight outcomes but not disease severity and mood symptoms in interventional trials.
DISCUSSION
This meta-analysis indicates abnormal levels of PUFAs in peripheral blood tissues in patients with eating disorders. The relationship between PUFAs and eating disorders should be interpreted cautiously considering the specific lipid metabolism under starvation state. To investigate the role of PUFAs on psychopathological and therapeutic effects in eating disorders, further larger clinical studies are warranted.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Body Mass Index; Dietary Supplements; Erythrocyte Membrane; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Observational Studies as Topic; Severity of Illness Index; Starvation; Young Adult
PubMed: 30773209
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.01.001