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Nutrients Mar 2016Dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) form during heating and processing of food products and are widely prevalent in the modern Western diet. Recent systematic... (Review)
Review
Dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) form during heating and processing of food products and are widely prevalent in the modern Western diet. Recent systematic reviews indicate that consumption of dietary AGEs may promote inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Experimental evidence indicates that dietary AGEs may also induce renal damage, however, this outcome has not been considered in previous systematic reviews. The purpose of this review was to examine the effect of consumption of a high AGE diet on biomarkers of chronic disease, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), in human randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Six databases (SCOPUS, CINHAL, EMBASE, Medline, Biological abstracts and Web of Science) were searched for randomised controlled dietary trials that compared high AGE intake to low AGE intake in adults with and without obesity, diabetes or CKD. Twelve dietary AGE interventions were identified with a total of 293 participants. A high AGE diet increased circulating tumour necrosis factor-alpha and AGEs in all populations. A high AGE diet increased 8-isoprostanes in healthy adults, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in patients with diabetes. Markers of CKD were not widely assessed. The evidence presented indicates that a high AGE diet may contribute to risk factors associated with chronic disease, such as inflammation and oxidative stress, however, due to a lack of high quality randomised trials, more research is required.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diet; Dinoprost; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Oxidative Stress; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
PubMed: 26938557
DOI: 10.3390/nu8030125 -
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... Jun 2022Evidence suggests antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). However, the effect of supplementation of this fatty... (Review)
Review
Evidence suggests antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). However, the effect of supplementation of this fatty acid profile on the telomere length and the telomerase enzyme activity was not revised yet. The PubMed and Embase® databases were used to search for clinical trials. A total of six clinical trials were revised. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation did not statistically affect telomere length in three out of three studies but affected telomerase activity in two out of four studies. The supplementation increased telomerase enzyme activity in subjects with first-episode schizophrenia. Besides, it decreased telomerase enzyme activity without modulating the effects of Pro12Ala polymorphism on the PPARγ gene in type 2 diabetes subjects. The methodological differences between the studies and the limited number of studies on the theme suggest that further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on telomere length and telomerase enzyme activity in humans.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Humans; Telomerase; Telomere
PubMed: 35661999
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102451 -
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Mar 2013Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used for acute and chronic pain control and treatment of inflammation, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid... (Review)
Review
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used for acute and chronic pain control and treatment of inflammation, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. NSAIDs have been shown to inhibit bone healing in animal studies due to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. However, little evidence exists regarding the effect of NSAID exposure on human bone metabolism. This systematic review summarizes the current literature of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating NSAIDs with bone remodeling-related outcomes in humans. After performing computerized searches in the most widely indexed databases, study selection, data abstraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted in duplicate. The results were controversial regarding the association of NSAID with bone formation or resorption. Increased bone mineral density following NSAID exposure was reported by some studies. Based on the levels of biochemical markers, no effect was seen on bone formation, while some evidence was found for a decreased rate of bone resorption in NSAID patients. Trials investigating the effects of NSAID treatment on bone metabolism outcomes of human patients are limited. Further research is required to confirm or refute the findings of this systematic review.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Bone and Bones; Collagen Type I; Disease Progression; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Peptides; Radiography; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 23016823
DOI: 10.2174/1574887111308010008 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Apr 2020Medical devices such as hip, knee, breast, vascular prostheses, among others, are very useful in different pathologies. We cannot doubt that their use is a great tool,...
INTRODUCTION
Medical devices such as hip, knee, breast, vascular prostheses, among others, are very useful in different pathologies. We cannot doubt that their use is a great tool, besides being an advance in medicine; they provide a change in the quality of life of many patients; however, they are not exempt from adverse reactions and events.
METHODS
We conduct a systematic review about lymphoma in the presences of prostheses other than breast implants.
RESULTS
We selected 21 publications with a total of 24 patients. The largest number of prostheses was related to long bones in a total of 13 prostheses. The most frequent symptoms were: pain (52%), inflammation (24%), visible or palpable mass 20%. The most frequent type of lymphoma was non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma in 14 cases.
DISCUSSION
The presence of microparticles make biological degradation and wear of the implants, with macrophage and lymphocyte activation and the consequent production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and prostaglandin 2 (PGE2).
CONCLUSION
Lymphoma is not a common disease in patients with prostheses, and more data are needed to identify risk factors and make proper diagnoses.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Topics: Breast Implantation; Breast Implants; Humans; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic; Quality of Life
PubMed: 31844943
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01569-1 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Aug 2020The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of ginger supplementation on markers of inflammatory and oxidative stress.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of ginger supplementation on markers of inflammatory and oxidative stress. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify relevant clinical trials evaluating the effects of ginger on serum CRP (C-reactive protein), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL-6 (interleukin-6), PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), TAC (total antioxidant capacity), and MDA (malondialdehyde) from inception up to September 2019. Mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were pooled using a random-effects model. Potential publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of funnel plot and Egger's weighted regression tests. After excluding irrelevant records, 20 full-text articles that included 25 separate studies were included to the meta-analysis. Pooled results of this study indicated a statistically significant effect of ginger on serum CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, TAC, and MDA levels following ginger supplementation in compared to the controls. Also, the effects of ginger on serum PGE2 was marginally significant. Moreover, the high heterogeneity was disappeared in subgroup analysis performed by age, duration, dosage, and quality. This current analysis indicates that ginger supplementation has a significant effects on serum inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
Topics: Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Dietary Supplements; Zingiber officinale; Humans; Inflammation; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 32147845
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6638 -
International Urology and Nephrology Jan 2022This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess renal function and cardiometabolic biomarkers after treatment with beraprost sodium in patients with diabetes... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The effects of beraprost sodium on renal function and cardiometabolic profile in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
PURPOSE
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess renal function and cardiometabolic biomarkers after treatment with beraprost sodium in patients with diabetes mellitus.
METHODS
We systemically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to August 2020. Statistical heterogeneities were computed using Cochrane's Q test and I test. A fixed- or random-effects model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
From 341citations, seven trials were included into our meta-analysis. Our findings demonstrated that beraprost sodium intake significantly decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (WMD = -5.62, 95% CI [-8.49, -2.74], P < 0.001) and cystatin C (WMD = -0.57, 95% CI [-0.68, -0.46], P < 0.001). Beraprost sodium intake had no significant effect on fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and creatinine (Cr) in patients with diabetes receiving beraprost sodium in comparison with the controls.
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis revealed that beraprost sodium administration significantly decreased BUN and cystatin C levels in patients with diabetes. However, no significant effect was observed on the cardiometabolic profile.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus; Epoprostenol; Humans; Kidney
PubMed: 34019221
DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02887-7 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2012Malabsorption of fat and protein contributes to poor nutritional status in people with cystic fibrosis. Impaired pancreatic function may also result in increased gastric... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Malabsorption of fat and protein contributes to poor nutritional status in people with cystic fibrosis. Impaired pancreatic function may also result in increased gastric acidity, leading in turn to heartburn, peptic ulcers and the impairment of oral pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. The administration of gastric acid-reducing agents has been used as an adjunct to pancreatic enzyme therapy to improve absorption of fat and gastro-intestinal symptoms in people with cystic fibrosis. It is important to establish the evidence regarding potential benefits of drugs that reduce gastric acidity in people with cystic fibrosis.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effect of drug therapies for reducing gastric acidity for: nutritional status; symptoms associated with increased gastric acidity; fat absorption; lung function; quality of life and survival; and to determine if any adverse effects are associated with their use.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register which comprises references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches, handsearches of relevant journals, abstract books and conference proceedings.Most recent search of the Group's Trials Register: 15 February 2012.
SELECTION CRITERIA
All randomised and quasi-randomised trials involving agents that reduce gastric acidity compared to placebo or a comparator treatment.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Both authors independently selected trials, assessed trial quality and extracted data.
MAIN RESULTS
Thirty-eight trials were identified from the searches. Sixteen trials, with 256 participants, were suitable for inclusion. Seven trials were limited to children and three trials enrolled only adults. Meta-analysis was not performed. However, one trial found that drug therapies that reduce gastric acidity improved gastro-intestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain; seven trials reported significant improvement in measures of fat malabsorption; and two trials reported no significant improvement in nutritional status. Only one trial reported measures of respiratory function and one trial reported an adverse effect with prostaglandin E2 analogue misoprostol. No trials have been identified assessing the effectiveness of these agents in improving quality of life, the complications of increased gastric acidity, or survival.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Trials have shown limited evidence that agents that reduce gastric acidity are associated with improvement in gastro-intestinal symptoms and fat absorption. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to indicate whether there is an improvement in nutritional status, lung function, quality of life, or survival. We therefore recommend that large, multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate these interventions.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Dietary Fats; Gastric Acid; Gastrointestinal Agents; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Pancreas; Proton Pump Inhibitors
PubMed: 22513912
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003424.pub2 -
Drugs of Today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998) Feb 2010Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes mediate prostaglandin generation. COX-1 is expressed in all cells, producing prostaglandins that maintain cellular homeostasis, and COX-2 is... (Review)
Review
Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes mediate prostaglandin generation. COX-1 is expressed in all cells, producing prostaglandins that maintain cellular homeostasis, and COX-2 is an inducible enzyme that generates inflammatory prostaglandins at sites of inflammation and healing. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that nonselectively inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 continue to be an important option for the management of pain. However, despite the potential advantages of NSAIDs, including their opioid-sparing effect and reduced opioid-related side effects, improved analgesia, and attenuation of the inflammatory pain response, several side effects limit their use. NSAIDs predispose to ulcer formation and upper gastrointestinal bleeding, impaired coagulation, cardiovascular effects and renal dysfunction. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors were designed based on the hypothesis that selective inhibition of the COX-2 isoform should reduce pain and inflammation without compromising the integrity of the gastric mucosa. Celecoxib and parecoxib are two COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) that are approved for the relief of acute postoperative pain and symptoms of chronic inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. They have similar pharmacological properties but a slightly improved gastrointestinal safety profile compared with traditional NSAIDs. Celecoxib is an orally administered coxib. Agents such as celecoxib, which are highly COX-2 specific and have shown excellent efficacy in relieving inflammation and associated pain, unfortunately exhibit only modest aqueous solubility, thus restricting dosing options. Parecoxib is the sulfonamide-based prodrug of valdecoxib and is the only parenterally administered coxib available to date. There is no evidence demonstrating any greater degree of pain relief between these two coxibs. However, parenteral preparations may be especially useful in the immediate postoperative period, when patients are unable to take oral medication or are experiencing nausea and vomiting.
Topics: Animals; Celecoxib; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Drug Administration Routes; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Inflammation; Isoxazoles; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pyrazoles; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfonamides; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 20224826
DOI: No ID Found -
Lipids in Health and Disease May 2024Cancer prognosis remains a critical clinical challenge. Lipidomic analysis via mass spectrometry (MS) offers the potential for objective prognostic prediction,... (Review)
Review
Cancer prognosis remains a critical clinical challenge. Lipidomic analysis via mass spectrometry (MS) offers the potential for objective prognostic prediction, leveraging the distinct lipid profiles of cancer patient-derived specimens. This review aims to systematically summarize the application of MS-based lipidomic analysis in prognostic prediction for cancer patients. Our systematic review summarized 38 studies from the past decade that attempted prognostic prediction of cancer patients through lipidomics. Commonly analyzed cancers included colorectal, prostate, and breast cancers. Liquid (serum and urine) and tissue samples were equally used, with liquid chromatography-tandem MS being the most common analytical platform. The most frequently evaluated prognostic outcomes were overall survival, stage, and recurrence. Thirty-eight lipid markers (including phosphatidylcholine, ceramide, triglyceride, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine, diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidic acid, dihydroceramide, prostaglandin, sphingosine-1-phosphate, phosphatidylinosito, fatty acid, glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide) were identified as prognostic factors, demonstrating potential for clinical application. In conclusion, the potential for developing lipidomics in cancer prognostic prediction was demonstrated. However, the field is still nascent, necessitating future studies for validating and establishing lipid markers as reliable prognostic tools in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Neoplasms; Lipidomics; Biomarkers, Tumor; Mass Spectrometry; Female; Lipids; Male; Breast Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Lysophospholipids; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 38796445
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02121-0 -
Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology Oct 2015Several mediators contribute to postocclusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) in the skin, including sensory nerves and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors. The main... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Several mediators contribute to postocclusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) in the skin, including sensory nerves and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors. The main objective of this study was to investigate the specific involvement of prostanoids in human skin PORH. We tested the effect of the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenases (COX) by 4 mm ketoprofen, infused through microdialysis fibers inserted into the healthy volunteers forearm skin, following 5 min brachial artery occlusion. Skin microvascular blood flux was recorded using two-dimensional Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging. Maximal cutaneous vascular conductance (CVCmax ) was obtained following the perfusion of 29 mm sodium nitroprusside. A systematic review of the effects of COX inhibitors on skin peak PORH was also performed. We observed no significant difference between ketoprofen and placebo for the PORH peak (78 ± 8 and 71 ± 19% CVCmax , respectively) and area under the curve (2951 ± 721 and 2490 ± 936% CVCmax .s). A meta-analysis showed a substantial heterogeneity between studies, with overall a neutral effect of COX inhibition on peak PORH. Cyclo-oxygenase inhibition does not alter skin PORH, suggesting no involvement of prostanoids in cutaneous postocclusive vasodilatation in healthy humans.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Blood Flow Velocity; Brachial Artery; Chi-Square Distribution; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Hyperemia; Ischemia; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Male; Microdialysis; Prostaglandins; Random Allocation; Regional Blood Flow; Signal Transduction; Skin; Tourniquets; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents; Young Adult
PubMed: 26194355
DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12135