-
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Oct 2019Traditionally, sesame oil (SO) has been used as a popular food and medicine. The review aims to summarize the antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of SO and its...
A systematic review on antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil and further confirmation of antiinflammatory activity by chemical profiling and molecular docking.
Traditionally, sesame oil (SO) has been used as a popular food and medicine. The review aims to summarize the antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of SO and its identified compounds as well as further fatty acid profiling and molecular docking study to correlate the interaction of its identified constituents with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). For this, a literature study was made using Google Scholar, Pubmed, and SciFinder databases. Literature study demonstrated that SO has potential antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects in various test systems, including humans, animals, and cultured cells through various pathways such as inhibition of COX, nonenzymatic defense mechanism, inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, NF-kB or mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and prostaglandin synthesis pathway. Fatty acid analysis of SO using gas chromatography identified known nine fatty acids. In silico study revealed that sesamin, sesaminol, sesamolin, stigmasterol, Δ5-avenasterol, and Δ7-avenasterol (-9.6 to -10.7 kcal/mol) were the most efficient ligand for interaction and binding with COX-2. The known fatty acid also showed binding efficiency with COX-2 to some extent (-6.0 to -8.4 kcal/mol). In summary, it is evident that SO may be one of promising traditional medicines that we could use in the prevention and management of diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Oxidative Stress; Sesame Oil
PubMed: 31373097
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6428 -
Pediatric Neurology Sep 2019Cerebrospinal fluid sample collection and analysis is imperative to better elucidate central nervous system injury and disease in children. Sample collection methods are...
Cerebrospinal fluid sample collection and analysis is imperative to better elucidate central nervous system injury and disease in children. Sample collection methods are varied and carry with them certain ethical and biologic considerations, complications, and contraindications. Establishing best practices for sample collection, processing, storage, and transport will ensure optimal sample quality. Cerebrospinal fluid samples can be affected by a number of factors including subject age, sampling method, sampling location, volume extracted, fraction, blood contamination, storage methods, and freeze-thaw cycles. Indicators of sample quality can be assessed by matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and include cystatin C fragments, oxidized proteins, prostaglandin D synthase, and evidence of blood contamination. Precise documentation of sample collection processes and the establishment of meticulous handling procedures are essential for the creation of clinically relevant biospecimen repositories. In this review we discuss the ethical considerations and best practices for cerebrospinal fluid collection, as well as the influence of preanalytical factors on cerebrospinal fluid analyses. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in highly researched pediatric diseases or disorders are discussed.
Topics: Cerebrospinal Fluid; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nervous System Diseases; Pediatrics; Specimen Handling; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 31280949
DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.05.011 -
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. Japanese... 2015Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic obstructive disease of the arteries in lower extremities. Patients with PAD show high rates of mortality from... (Review)
Review
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic obstructive disease of the arteries in lower extremities. Patients with PAD show high rates of mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. Smoking as well as diabetes is an important risk factor for PAD. A lesion of PAD in the lower extremities tends to be more proximal in smokers than in nonsmokers and to be more distal in patients with diabetes than in nondiabetics. By a systematic review, the odds ratio for PAD of smokers vs nonsmokers has been reported to be in the range of 1.7-7.4. Previous epidemiological studies suggest a stronger association of smoking with PAD than that with CAD. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule suppressing the progression of atherosclerosis, but this function is compromised by smoking. Smoking decreases the bioactivity of NO and the expression level of NO synthase. In addition, smoking results in deteriorations of risk factors for atherosclerosis such as decreases in blood HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and tissue plasminogen activator levels and increases in the levels of blood triglycerides, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, fibrinogen and the von Willebrand factor. Thus, smoking increases blood coagulability and deteriorates the blood lipid profile, resulting in thrombogenetic proneness and dyslipidemia. Smoking also increases the generation of atherogenic oxidized LDL in blood and decreases antiatherogenic prostacyclin production in the vascular endothelium. Smoking cessation is important for the prevention and therapy of PAD, and to this end, counseling by physicians and nicotine replacement therapy are useful and strongly recommended for patients with PAD.
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Complications; Dyslipidemias; Endothelium, Vascular; Epoprostenol; Humans; Lipoproteins, LDL; Lower Extremity; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Odds Ratio; Oxidative Stress; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Risk Factors; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tissue Plasminogen Activator; Triglycerides
PubMed: 26411939
DOI: 10.1265/jjh.70.211 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Jan 2017To conduct a meta-analysis of the association of platelet counts and pharmacotherapeutic failure in preterms with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a meta-analysis of the association of platelet counts and pharmacotherapeutic failure in preterms with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
METHODS
MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index, abstracts and conference proceedings were searched, and principal authors contacted. Included studies reported indomethacin or ibuprofen use for PDA closure, compared a group which failed treatment versus a group which did not and reported the association between platelet counts and indomethacin or ibuprofen failure. Two reviewers independently screened results and assessed methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results are expressed as mean difference in platelet counts and summary odds ratios (OR) using a random effects model.
RESULTS
1105 relevant studies were identified; eight involving 1087 preterms were included. Platelet counts were significantly lower in infants who failed pharmacotherapy (Meandifference:-30.88 × 10/L; 95% CI:-45.69 × 10,-16.07 × 10/L; I2 = 24%; p=0.24). Similar results were obtained based on either pharmacotherapeutic agent. Treatment failure was also significantly associated with pre-treatment thrombocytopenia (summary OR:1.75; 95% CI:1.23-2.49, I2 = 36%, p=0.20).
CONCLUSIONS
Platelet counts are significantly lower in preterms who fail primary treatment for PDA. Pre-treatment thrombocytopenia is associated with higher odds of failure. Further cohort studies reporting platelet counts in prostaglandin inhibitor failure are needed for meta-analyses to firmly establish or refute a stronger association.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blood Platelets; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Humans; Ibuprofen; Indomethacin; Infant; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Odds Ratio; Platelet Count; Thrombocytopenia; Treatment Failure
PubMed: 26955892
DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1163684 -
Toxicology Letters Aug 2020Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with various inflammation-related... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with various inflammation-related human disease. ROS can oxidize lipids, which subsequently undergo fragmentation to produce F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs). Eight-isoprostane is one of the most extensively studied F2-IsoPs and the most commonly used biomarker for the assessment of oxidative stress in human studies. This urinary biomarker is quantified using either chemical or immunological techniques. A "physiological" range for 8-isoprostanes is needed to use this biomarker as a measure of excess oxidative stress originating from occupational exposures. However, ranges reported in the literature are inconsistent. We designed a standardized protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess baseline values for 8-isoprostane concentrations in urine of healthy adults and identify determinants of their inter- and intra-individual variability. We searched PubMed from journal inception and up to April 2019, and screened articles for studies containing F2-IsoPs concentrations in urine for healthy adult participants. We grouped studies in three biomarker groups: "8-isoprostane", "Isoprostanes" "15- F2t-Isoprostane". We computed geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) as the basis for the meta-analysis. Of the initial 1849 articles retrieved, 63 studies were included and 107 subgroups within these study populations were identified. We stratified the subgroups analyzed with the chemical methods by body mass index (BMI) reported. We provide pooled GM values for urinary 8-isoprostane concentrations in healthy adults, separately for chemical and immunological analysis in this review. The interquartile range (IQR) in subgroups with a mean BMI below 25 measured using chemical methods was 0.18 to 0.40 μg/g creatinine. We show that there is a significant positive association between BMI and urinary 8-isoprostane concentrations. We recommend adjusting urinary 8-isoprostane concentrations in spot urine with creatinine, quantifying 8-isoprostane with chemical analytical methods, and reporting results as median and quartiles. This will help in comparing results across studies.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Dinoprost; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Smoking; Xenobiotics
PubMed: 32320775
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.04.006 -
Shock (Augusta, Ga.) Jan 2017The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threating disorder that contributes significantly to critical illness. No specific pharmacological interventions... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threating disorder that contributes significantly to critical illness. No specific pharmacological interventions directed at lung injury itself have proven effective in improving outcome of patients with ARDS. Platelet activation was identified as a key component in ARDS pathophysiology and may provide an opportunity for preventive and therapeutic strategies. We hypothesize that use of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) may prevent and/or attenuate lung injury.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of preclinical studies and meta-analysis of clinical studies investigating the efficacy of ASA in the setting of lung injury. Medline, embase, and cochrane databases were searched.
RESULTS
The literature search yielded 1,314 unique articles. Fifteen preclinical studies and eight clinical studies fulfilled the in- and exclusion criteria. In the animal studies, the overall effect of ASA was positive, e.g., ASA improved survival and attenuated inflammation and pulmonary edema. Mechanisms of actions involved, among others, are interference with the neutrophil-platelets interaction, reduction of leukotrienes, neutrophil extracellular traps, and prostaglandins. High-dose ASA may be the drug of choice. A meta-analysis of three clinical studies showed an association between ASA use and a reduced incidence of ARDS (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36-0.98), albeit with substantial between-study heterogeneity. All studies had their own shortcomings in methodological quality.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review of preclinical studies and meta-analysis of clinical studies suggests a beneficial role for ASA in ARDS prevention and treatment. However, the currently available data is insufficient to justify an indication for ASA in ARDS. The body of literature does support further studies in humans. We suggest clinical trials in which the mechanisms of action of ASA in lung injury models are being evaluated to guide optimal timing and dose, before prospective randomized trials.
Topics: Animals; Aspirin; Humans; Platelet Activation; Respiratory Distress Syndrome
PubMed: 27984533
DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000745 -
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... Aug 2011Dietary n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) reduce adipogenesis and lipogenesis in adult rodents, but it is not clear whether an increased n-3 LCPUFA... (Review)
Review
The effect of maternal omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) supplementation during pregnancy and/or lactation on body fat mass in the offspring: a systematic review of animal studies.
Dietary n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) reduce adipogenesis and lipogenesis in adult rodents, but it is not clear whether an increased n-3 LCPUFA supply during the perinatal period influences body fat mass in the offspring. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the existing evidence from animal studies, which have addressed this question. Medline was searched for relevant articles. Studies were included if they involved maternal n-3 PUFA or LCPUFA supplementation and measured fat mass in the offspring. The design and quality of each study was assessed. Only four animal studies met our inclusion criteria. Three studies reported a lower fat mass in offspring of n-3 LCPUFA supplemented dams, however only one of these studies confined the intervention to the perinatal period. The dose of n-3 PUFA, the nature of the control treatment, the approaches used and outcomes assessed differed between studies. This review highlights the paucity of robust animal data as to the effect of increased n-3 LCPUFA exposure during the perinatal period alone, on body fat mass in the offspring and calls for further studies.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Animals; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Humans; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Lactation; Models, Animal; Pregnancy
PubMed: 21601438
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2011.04.027 -
Journal of Dermatological Science Apr 2018Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO), also known as pachydermoperiostosis is a rare genetic disease which predominantly affects skin, bone and soft connective... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO), also known as pachydermoperiostosis is a rare genetic disease which predominantly affects skin, bone and soft connective tissue. It is characterized by the triad of pachydermia, digital clubbing and periostosis of long bones. Arthralgia or arthritis is also present in most of the cases. Genetic studies have identified the impaired PGE2 metabolism as a culprit for hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in PHO cases. We conducted a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), a PGE2 synthesis blocker to reduce the symptoms among PHO patients.
METHODS
We searched the evidence in five databases; Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed. We reported the evidence using narrative synthesis.
RESULTS
Out of 238 identified studies, we selected 26 for the synthesis. All were case reports which included a total of 54 patients. Among them, 39 patients were treated with at least one type of NSAIDs. Around 70% of the patients treated with NSAIDs had clinical improvement for their symptoms, mostly arthritis or arthralgia symptoms.
CONCLUSION
NSAIDs were effective in improving arthralgia or arthritis symptoms in majority of the PHO patients. Therefore, we recommend the use of NSAIDs in PHO patients to treat arthralgia or arthritis.
Topics: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dinoprostone; Humans; Osteoarthropathy, Primary Hypertrophic; Rare Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29305259
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.12.012 -
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... May 2019Maternal diet is important in determining omega-3 DHA status however there is limited knowledge of other factors influencing maternal omega-3 concentrations during... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Maternal diet is important in determining omega-3 DHA status however there is limited knowledge of other factors influencing maternal omega-3 concentrations during pregnancy. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether maternal DHA status changed across gestation. Changes in levels of other key polyunsaturated fatty acids were also investigated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Medline, Embase, Amed, and CINAHL databases were searched. Included studies reported measures of maternal omega-3 status in at least two pregnancy trimesters.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were included in the final analyses. Absolute omega-3 DHA concentrations increased across gestation, but decreased as a proportion of total lipids.
DISCUSSION
Our findings are consistent with previous observations of increases in lipid mobilisation, coupled with preferential transfer of DHA to the fetus, with advancing gestation. However the number of eligible studies was small and further investigations are required.
Topics: Adult; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Third
PubMed: 31088623
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.04.006 -
Epilepsy Research Sep 2001
Review
Topics: Animals; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Humans; Prostaglandins; Seizures, Febrile
PubMed: 11518626
DOI: 10.1016/s0920-1211(01)00281-9