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Journal of Robotic Surgery Dec 2023The study aims to synthesize all available prospective comparative studies and reports the latest systematic analysis and updated evidence comparing robot-assisted... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The study aims to synthesize all available prospective comparative studies and reports the latest systematic analysis and updated evidence comparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) with open radical prostatectomy (ORP) for perioperative, functional, and oncological outcomes in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were retrieved up to March 2023. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective comparative studies were included, and weighted mean differences (WMD) and odds ratios (OR) were used to evaluate the pooled results. Twenty-one articles were included in the present meta-analysis. The results indicated that compared to ORP, RARP had longer operative time (OT) (WMD: 51.41 min; 95%CI: 28.33, 74.48; p < 0.0001), reduced blood loss (WMD: -516.59 mL; 95%CI: -578.31, -454.88; p < 0.00001), decreased transfusion rate (OR: 0.23; 95%CI: 0.18, 0.30; p < 0.00001), shorter hospital stay (WMD: -1.59 days; 95%CI: -2.69, -0.49; p = 0.005), fewer overall complications (OR: 0.61; 95%CI: 0.45, 0.83; p = 0.001), and higher nerve sparing rate (OR: 1.64; 95%CI: 1.26, 2.13; p = 0.0003), as well as was more beneficial to postoperative erectile function recovery and biochemical recurrence (BCR). However, no significant disparities were noted in major complications, postoperative urinary continence recovery, or positive surgical margin (PSM) rates. RARP was superior to ORP in terms of hospital stay, blood loss, transfusion rate, complications, nerve sparing, postoperative erectile function recovery, and BCR. It is a safe and effective surgical approach to the treatment of clinically localized PCa.
Topics: Male; Humans; Erectile Dysfunction; Prospective Studies; Robotics; Treatment Outcome; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 37721644
DOI: 10.1007/s11701-023-01714-8 -
Clinical Interventions in Aging 2019The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in men after radical...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in men after radical prostatectomy (RP).
METHODS
PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published in years 2000-2019. We included randomized controlled trials in English which compare clinic-based vs home-based PFMT, preoperative and postoperative PFMT, supervised vs unsupervised PFMT, and PFMT alone vs no treatment at all.
RESULTS
Eight articles were included in the final review. There was a total of 1078 patients aged 45-75 in all study groups. The study participants received radical retropubic prostatectomy or radical prostatectomy. Included studies assessed the following interventions: preoperative and postoperative PFMT, supervised vs home-based PFMT, unsupervised PFMT vs no treatment at all, and PFMT combined with resistance and flexibility exercises vs PFMT alone.
CONCLUSION
PFMT is an effective treatment for urinary incontinence in men after radical prostatectomy. PFMT improves not only physical parameters but also the quality of life of men after RP.
Topics: Aged; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pelvic Floor; Postoperative Period; Prostatectomy; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Incontinence
PubMed: 31814714
DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S228222 -
International Journal of Surgery... Nov 2021Despite the extensive published literature on the significant potential of artificial intelligence (AI) there are no reports on its efficacy in improving patient safety... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Despite the extensive published literature on the significant potential of artificial intelligence (AI) there are no reports on its efficacy in improving patient safety in robot-assisted surgery (RAS). The purposes of this work are to systematically review the published literature on AI in RAS, and to identify and discuss current limitations and challenges.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEExplore according to PRISMA 2020 statement. Eligible articles were peer-review studies published in English language from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. Amstar 2 was used for quality assessment. Risk of bias was evaluated with the Newcastle Ottawa Quality assessment tool. Data of the studies were visually presented in tables using SPIDER tool.
RESULTS
Thirty-five publications, representing 3436 patients, met the search criteria and were included in the analysis. The selected reports concern: motion analysis (n = 17), urology (n = 12), gynecology (n = 1), other specialties (n = 1), training (n = 3), and tissue retraction (n = 1). Precision for surgical tools detection varied from 76.0% to 90.6%. Mean absolute error on prediction of urinary continence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) ranged from 85.9 to 134.7 days. Accuracy on prediction of length of stay after RARP was 88.5%. Accuracy on recognition of the next surgical task during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) achieved 75.7%.
CONCLUSION
The reviewed studies were of low quality. The findings are limited by the small size of the datasets. Comparison between studies on the same topic was restricted due to algorithms and datasets heterogeneity. There is no proof that currently AI can identify the critical tasks of RAS operations, which determine patient outcome. There is an urgent need for studies on large datasets and external validation of the AI algorithms used. Furthermore, the results should be transparent and meaningful to surgeons, enabling them to inform patients in layman's words.
REGISTRATION
Review Registry Unique Identifying Number: reviewregistry1225.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Humans; Laparoscopy; Male; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Robotic Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 34695601
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.106151 -
European Urology Focus Nov 2023Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has largely replaced conventional laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) even though the costs are significantly higher.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
CONTEXT
Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has largely replaced conventional laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) even though the costs are significantly higher. Justification for this change is the hope for better postoperative functional results because of better dissection of the neurovascular bundle.
OBJECTIVE
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing RARP and LRP for the primary outcome of continence (use of 0 pads or 1 safety pad) at 12 mo after surgery.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
We searched the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases for RCTs comparing RARP versus LRP for adults with localised prostate cancer (PC). Where possible, individual-patient data were obtained. Secondary outcomes were potency for patients potent at baseline; a trifecta of patients continent and potent and no recurrence/further treatment; positive surgical margins; biochemical recurrence; and further treatment for PC. The systematic review was registered prospectively (reviewregistry1190 on www.researchregistry.com/).
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Five RCTs were identified. Three trial teams provided data. For another trial, only published data were available. The fifth trial was terminated prematurely because of insufficient recruitment and thus could not be included. Overall, data for 1205 randomised patients were available. At 12 mo, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding continence (odds ratio [OR] 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-5.62). However, at 3 mo and 6 mo there were significant differences in favour of RARP. Significantly more patients who were potent at baseline and underwent a robot-assisted nerve-sparing approach were potent at 12 mo (OR 4.05, 95% CI 1.63-10.09).
CONCLUSION
At 12 mo after surgery there are no differences in continence between RARP and LRP. Short-term continence benefits of RARP were observed. Potent patients undergoing RARP consistently show better potency postoperatively.
PATIENT SUMMARY
We analysed differences between robot-assisted removal of the prostate and conventional keyhole surgery for removal of the prostate. At 12 mo after surgery, there were no differences in continence outcomes between the two approaches. However, patients who were potent at baseline and underwent robot-assisted surgery were more likely to be potent at 12 mo.
Topics: Male; Adult; Humans; Prostate; Robotics; Treatment Outcome; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Laparoscopy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37353415
DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2023.05.007 -
Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain... Aug 2021The aim of this review was to update the recommendations for optimal pain management after open and laparoscopic or robotic prostatectomy. Optimal pain management is... (Review)
Review
The aim of this review was to update the recommendations for optimal pain management after open and laparoscopic or robotic prostatectomy. Optimal pain management is known to influence postoperative recovery, but patients undergoing open radical prostatectomy typically experience moderate dynamic pain in the immediate postoperative day. Robot-assisted and laparoscopic surgery may be associated with decreased pain levels as opposed to open surgery. We performed a systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) with PROcedure SPECific Postoperative Pain ManagemenT (PROSPECT) methodology. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English language, from January 2015 until March 2020, assessing postoperative pain, using analgesic, anaesthetic and surgical interventions, were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Databases. Of the 1797 studies identified, 35 RCTs and 3 meta-analyses met our inclusion criteria. NSAIDs and COX-2 selective inhibitors proved to lower postoperative pain scores. Continuous intravenous lidocaine reduced postoperative pain scores during open surgery. Local wound infiltration showed positive results in open surgery. Bilateral transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block was performed at the end of surgery and lowered pain scores in robot-assisted procedures, but results were conflicting for open procedures. Basic analgesia for prostatic surgery should include paracetamol and NSAIDs or COX-2 selective inhibitors. TAP block should be recommended as the first-choice regional analgesic technique for laparoscopic/robotic radical prostatectomy. Intravenous lidocaine should be considered for open surgeries.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Nerve Block; Pain Management; Pain, Postoperative; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prostatectomy
PubMed: 34197976
DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2021.100922 -
Sexual Medicine Reviews Oct 2021Erectile dysfunction is a common consequence after radical prostatectomy (RP) affecting psychosocial well-being and quality of life. As the RP surgical technique is... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Erectile dysfunction is a common consequence after radical prostatectomy (RP) affecting psychosocial well-being and quality of life. As the RP surgical technique is complex, it is reasonable to propose that the experience of the surgeon could influence the postoperative erectile function (EF) outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
To undertake a systematic review to investigate whether the surgeon's experience affects the patient's ability to regain EF after RP.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was performed in April 2020 using Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and psychINFO. All relevant English research studies investigating the topic area were included, with experience being defined as both cumulative RP and average RP annual surgical caseload.
RESULTS
The main outcome measure is EF after RP stratified by surgeon experience (annual case load or cumulative case volume). Ten case-control studies published between 2003 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria and were chosen for this systematic review. The included studies consisted of both single- and multiple-surgeon studies. Studies that compared annual RP caseload per surgeon demonstrated a difference between high- and low-volume surgeons, only when high volume was >25 RP cases/year. In the studies reporting cumulative case volume (learning curve), differences between high volume and low volume were only identified when the total case volume was approximately 1000 RP cases. Studies with low-volume cases (approximately 100) did not show any differences in EF outcomes.
CONCLUSION
The studies examined in our systematic review demonstrate that an annual surgeon caseload of >25 RP cases per year or total cumulative experience of >1000 RP cases results in better EF outcomes after RP. Ju IE, Trieu D, Chang SB, et al. Surgeon Experience and Erectile Function After Radical Prostatectomy: A Systematic Review. Sex Med Rev 2021;9:650-658.
Topics: Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Surgeons
PubMed: 34219004
DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.09.006 -
European Urology Feb 2014The clinical significance of positive surgical margins (PSMs) in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens and the management of affected patients remain unclear. (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
The clinical significance of positive surgical margins (PSMs) in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens and the management of affected patients remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To address pitfalls in the pathologic interpretation of margin status; provide an update on the incidence, predictors, and long-term oncologic implications of PSMs in the era of robot-assisted laparoscopic RP (RALRP); and suggest a practical evidence-based approach to patient management.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
A systematic review of the literature was performed in April 2013 using Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Studies focusing on PSMs in RP pertinent to the objectives of this review were included. Particular attention was paid to publications within the last 5 yr and those concerning RALRP.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
A total of 74 publications were retrieved. Standardized measures to overcome variability in the pathologic interpretation of surgical margins have recently been established by the International Society of Urological Pathology. The average rate of PSMs in contemporary RALRP series is 15% (range: 6.5-32%), which is higher in men with a more advanced pathologic stage and equivalent to the rate reported in prior open and laparoscopic prostatectomy series. The likelihood of PSMs is strongly influenced by the surgeon's experience irrespective of the surgical approach. Technical modifications using the robotic platform and the role of frozen-section analysis to reduce the margin positivity rate continue to evolve. Positive margins are associated with a twofold increased hazard of biochemical relapse, but their association with more robust clinical end points is controversial. Level 1 evidence suggests that adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) may favorably affect prostate-specific antigen recurrence rates, but whether the therapy also affects systemic progression, prostate cancer-specific mortality, and overall survival remains debatable.
CONCLUSIONS
Although positive margins in prostate cancer are considered an adverse oncologic outcome, their long-term impact on survival is highly variable and largely influenced by other risk modifiers. Adjuvant RT appears to be effective, but further study is required to determine whether early salvage RT is an equivalent alternative.
Topics: Disease Progression; Frozen Sections; Humans; Laparoscopy; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm, Residual; Predictive Value of Tests; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Risk Factors; Salvage Therapy; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23932439
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.07.039 -
Journal of Endourology May 2023Systematic reviews (SR) have always been used as the best evidence to compare three radical prostatectomy (RP) techniques: retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP),...
Systematic reviews (SR) have always been used as the best evidence to compare three radical prostatectomy (RP) techniques: retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP), and robotic radical prostatectomy (RARP). Despite the superiority of minimally invasive surgery in relation to perioperative outcomes, the literature still cannot establish which technique is superior in relation to oncological outcomes. A new methodology called Reverse Systematic Review (RSR) was created to gather the best evidence in the literature based on a heterogeneous sample, allowing the comparison of oncological outcomes from a population point of view. To apply the RSR to compare RP techniques in relation to oncological outcomes: positive surgical margin (PSM) and biochemical recurrence rate (BCR). A search was carried out in eight databases between 2000 and 2020 through SR studies referring RRP, LRP, or RARP (80 SR). All references used in these SR were captured referring to 1724 reports. Preoperative and oncological outcomes were compared and correlated among RRP, LRP, and RARP. Five hundred fifty-nine (32.4%) reports for RRP, 413 (23.9%) for LRP, and 752 (43.7%) for RARP, and a total of 1,353,485 patients were found. Regarding PSM, 284 reports were collected for RRP, 324 for LRP, and 499 for RARP, with rates of 23.6%, 20.7%, and 19.2%, respectively, and only the RRP with statistical difference ( < 0.001). Using a nonlinear regression model, the BCR was correlated with follow-up time at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years: 10%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 23%, and 38% for RRP; 6%, 9%, 13%, 20%, 23%, and 10% for LRP; and 8%, 12%, 16%, 23%, 27%, and 19% for RARP. The absence of long-term work for RARP prevented more accurate projections of BCR. RSR proved to be effective in generating a population and heterogeneous sample capable of demonstrating better oncological results for minimally invasive surgery (LRP and RARP) compared to RRP. It demonstrated the maturity of temporal follow-up data for RRP and LRP and the impact of absence of late follow-up from RARP studies on the long-term rate of BCR. After 20 years of coexistence of the three main radical prostatectomy techniques, the RSR was able to detect better results from minimally invasive surgery in relation to PSMs and long-term BCRs.
Topics: Humans; Male; Laparoscopy; Prostatectomy; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Robotics; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36924303
DOI: 10.1089/end.2022.0819 -
International Journal of Surgery... Mar 2023Post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPUI) is a major complication that reduces the quality of life in patients undergoing prostatectomy for benign prostatic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPUI) is a major complication that reduces the quality of life in patients undergoing prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. However, there are currently limited guidelines on which surgical techniques are preferred after conservative treatment for PPUI. In this study, a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) that can help determine the priority for the selection of surgical methods were performed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrieved data from electronic literature searches of PubMed and the Cochrane Library through August 2021. We searched for randomized controlled trials studies on the surgical treatment of PPUI after surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer and included the terms artificial urethral sphincter (AUS), adjustable sling, nonadjustable sling, and injection of the bulking agent.The NMA pooled the odds ratios and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) using the number of patients achieving urinary continence, weight of pads used per day, number of pads used per day, and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire score. The therapeutic effect of each intervention on PPUI was compared and ranked using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve.
RESULTS
A final 11 studies, including 1116 participants, were included in our NMA. The pooled overall odds ratios of patients achieving urinary continence compared with no treatment was 3.31 (95% CrI: 0.749, 15.710) in AUS, 2.97 (95% CrI: 0.412, 16.000) in adjustable sling, 2.33 (95% CrI: 0.559, 8.290) in nonadjustable sling, and 0.26 (95% CrI: 0.025, 2.500) in injection of bulking agent. In addition, this study shows the surface under the cumulative ranking curve values of ranking probabilities for each treatment performance, which indicated that AUS ranked first in terms of continence rate, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire, pad weight, and pad use count.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggested that only AUS had a statistically significant effect compared to the nontreatment group and the highest PPUI treatment effect ranking among other surgical treatments.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Network Meta-Analysis; Quality of Life; Urinary Incontinence, Stress; Urinary Incontinence; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Suburethral Slings
PubMed: 36912884
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000170 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Feb 2023(1) Background: Local therapy is highly promising in a multimodal approach strategy for patients with low-volume metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). We aimed to... (Review)
Review
(1) Background: Local therapy is highly promising in a multimodal approach strategy for patients with low-volume metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). We aimed to systematically assess and summarize the safety, oncologic, and functional outcomes of cytoreductive prostatectomy (cRP) in mPCa. (2) Methods: Three databases were queried in September 2022 for publications that analyzed mPCa patients treated with cytoreductive prostatectomy without restrictions. The outcomes of interest were progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), perioperative complication rates, and functional outcomes following cRP. (3) Results: Overall, 26 studies were included in this systematic review. Among eight population-based studies, cRP was associated with a reduced risk of CSS and OS compared with no local therapy (NLT) after adjusting for the effects of possible confounders. Furthermore, one population-based study showed that cRP reduced the risk of CSS even when compared with radiotherapy (RT) of the prostate after adjusting for the effects of possible confounders. In addition, one randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated that local therapy (comprising 85% of cRP) significantly improved the prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-PFS and OS. Overall, cRP had acceptable perioperative complication rates and functional outcomes. (4) Conclusions: Mounting evidence suggests that cRP offers promising oncological and functional outcomes and technical feasibility and that it is associated with limited complications. Well-designed RCTs that limit selection bias in patients treated with cRP are warranted.
Topics: Male; Humans; Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatectomy; Prostate-Specific Antigen
PubMed: 36826131
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020170