-
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Mar 2024The Nordic welfare model is often used as an example for the promotion of health and wellbeing, even in vulnerable groups of children, such as refugees. Nonetheless,... (Review)
Review
The Nordic welfare model is often used as an example for the promotion of health and wellbeing, even in vulnerable groups of children, such as refugees. Nonetheless, there are no published reviews on resilience and/or risk and protective factors for physical and mental health among refugee children living in Nordic countries. In this systematic review, we identified 5181 studies on the topic, screened titles, and abstracts, viewed 632, and finally included 26 studies. These studies described 18 samples with a total of 34,080 individuals ranging in ages 0-18 years. Overall, the studies were of good quality. Nearly all studies assessed adversity. Six studies reported physical health outcomes and all studies mental health outcomes, most often post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety. None explicitly studied resilience. While we found that age and sex are the most frequently studied risk- and protective factors, findings are inconclusive, since the direction of the associations was different in the different studies. This systematic review indicates that there is still a need for well-designed and -powered studies using clear definitions of key study concepts to examine health outcomes and resilience among refugee children in Nordic countries.
Topics: Child; Humans; Resilience, Psychological; Refugees; Protective Factors; Mental Health; Scandinavian and Nordic Countries
PubMed: 35445318
DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01975-y -
Preventive Medicine Nov 2021Cyberbullying is associated with increased risk of suicidal and self-harm behaviors in children and adolescents. However, no review to date has explored factors that...
Cyberbullying is associated with increased risk of suicidal and self-harm behaviors in children and adolescents. However, no review to date has explored factors that exacerbate and mitigate this relationship. This systematic review concerns research on factors that influence the impact of cyberbullying on suicidal and self-harm behaviors. Four bibliographic databases were explored and references in included articles were searched. We identified 727 articles and retained 66 that met inclusion criteria. Research has identified multiple risk factors which have been associated with increased suicide risk in general (mental health problems, substance abuse, loneliness, stress, sexual orientation/gender identity issues and violent behaviors). Others risk factors more specific to cyberbullying were: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual and Developmental Disorders, obesity, having asthma and severity of cyberbullying. Fewer studies concern protective factors. School connectedness, restrictive style of parenting, parental support, life satisfaction, having a healthy diet, personal skills and having family dinners were associated with less risk of suicidal and self-harm behaviors following cyberbullying. These protective factors suggest prevention strategies to reduce the impacts of cyberbullying by teaching better personal skills, promoting school social connections and proposing family interventions. More research is needed including exploration of the differential impacts of different forms of cyberbullying, and evaluations of the impacts of programs to increase personal skills, improve family relationships and foster school connectedness to reducing suicidal and self-harm behaviors in this vulnerable population.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Cyberbullying; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Parenting; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicidal Ideation
PubMed: 34538376
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106684 -
International Psychogeriatrics May 2024Research on suicide rarely focuses on protective factors. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the evidence of the associations between protective factors...
BACKGROUND
Research on suicide rarely focuses on protective factors. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the evidence of the associations between protective factors and reduced suicidality among older adults.
METHOD
First, a scoping review was conducted to identify pertinent terms that refer to various protective factors against suicidality. A systematic review, following the PRISMA guidelines, was then conducted on a selection of 15 protective factors (e.g., perceived control, well-being and quality of life, life satisfaction, purpose-in-life, resilience, coping, religiosity, hope, self-regulation, sense of belonging, mattering, positive relationship, social support, social connectedness, and social participation), with separate searches performed on each factor in five databases. Empirical studies were eligible if participants were adults aged 60 years and over, and if the studies reported predictive statistical analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 70 studies were retained for the review. Suicidal ideation was the main outcome measure (91%). Significant associations were consistently observed between all protective factors and reduced suicidal ideations or behaviors, particularly for purpose-in-life, resilience, and positive relationships, indicating that these are solid components for suicide prevention. Using scales, instead of a single item, to measure protective factors (e.g. life satisfaction) was more efficient to capture the associations. On the other hand, results were similar whether studies used subjective (e.g., sense of belonging) or objective (e.g., social connectedness) measures.
CONCLUSION
Protective factors were inversely associated with suicidal ideation. Improving protective factors is essential for the development of late-life suicide prevention and interventions, instead of merely focusing on risk factors.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Middle Aged; Adaptation, Psychological; Hope; Personal Satisfaction; Protective Factors; Quality of Life; Resilience, Psychological; Risk Factors; Social Support; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 38305360
DOI: 10.1017/S104161022300443X -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Aug 2023Masticatory dysfunction impacts food selection, nutritional intake and social activities; all of which play a vital role to ensure good general health and quality of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Masticatory dysfunction impacts food selection, nutritional intake and social activities; all of which play a vital role to ensure good general health and quality of life. Despite the rapidly ageing population, there is limited evidence regarding the risk factors that lead to masticatory dysfunction in older adults or protective factors which may help maintain masticatory ability. Furthermore, there is currently no consensus for a specific test which measures masticatory ability.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this scoping review are to identify the risk and protective factors associated with masticatory dysfunction and determine the most commonly used objective measure of masticatory performance.
DESIGN
A scoping review was performed using the PRISMA recommendations. MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched. Seventy-eight articles were included in this review. There were six randomised controlled trials, six interventional studies, one systematic review, one quasi-experimental study, five prospective cohort studies, 58 cross-sectional studies and one case-control study. Data were analysed for frequency of studies reporting on risk factors, protective factors and/or objective measures of masticatory performance.
RESULTS
This scoping review identified tooth loss as the most common risk factor for masticatory dysfunction. Other notable risk factors included musculoskeletal conditions such as frailty and sarcopenia, cognitive decline and malnutrition. Additionally, the review identified that the presence or addition of teeth was the main protective factor. Other protective factors included denture maintenance via liners and adhesives, textured foods, and oral exercises. Chewing gum was the most common objective measure of masticatory function, followed by the occlusal force and sieve methods.
CONCLUSIONS
This scoping review found that there was limited evidence for a causal link between each of the risk factors and masticatory dysfunction or the protective factors and the maintenance of masticatory ability in older adults. Establishing a standard method for measuring masticatory performance such as the commonly used chewing gum method and encouraging clinicians to routinely measure masticatory function will enable comparisons across multiple risk and protective factors, improving the evidence base and contributing to better patient care.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Quality of Life; Chewing Gum; Case-Control Studies; Prospective Studies; Mastication
PubMed: 37183339
DOI: 10.1111/joor.13493 -
Physical Therapy in Sport : Official... Jan 2024This systematic review aimed to answer the question: "What are the risk and protective factors for shoulder complaints (pain, injury, or problem) in indoor volleyball... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aimed to answer the question: "What are the risk and protective factors for shoulder complaints (pain, injury, or problem) in indoor volleyball players?".
METHODS
Searches were conducted in electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus, as well as reference lists of the included studies. We included studies evaluating potential intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with shoulder complaints in indoor volleyball players of any country, age, sex, and competitive level. The Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool was used to assess the risk of bias.
RESULTS
The risk factors for shoulder complaints in volleyball players were identified through four prospective studies, which exhibited a moderate to low risk of bias. These factors included previous shoulder pain or injury, playing in outside and opposite positions, subacromial bursa thickening, and having an average external rotator (ER) isokinetic eccentric torque lower than the average internal rotator (IR) concentric torque. Protective factors were enhancing shoulder IR and ER isokinetic eccentric strength, being male sex, being older, and maintaining a concentric strength ratio ER/IR within the 0.60-0.75 range.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review highlights risk factors that clinicians and researchers should consider when assessing and tracking indoor volleyball players.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Shoulder; Volleyball; Shoulder Joint; Protective Factors; Prospective Studies; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 38183823
DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.12.011 -
PloS One 2016Most older people wish to age in place, for which functional status or being able to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) is an important precondition. However,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Most older people wish to age in place, for which functional status or being able to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) is an important precondition. However, along with the substantial growth of the (oldest) old, the number of people who develop limitations in ADLs or have functional decline dramatically increases in this part of the population. Therefore, it is important to gain insight into factors that can contribute to developing intervention strategies at older ages. As a first step, this systematic review was conducted to identify risk and protective factors as predictors for developing limitations in ADLs in community-dwelling people aged 75 and over.
METHODS
Four electronic databases (CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE, PsycINFO and PubMed) were searched systematically for potentially relevant studies published between January 1998 and March 2016.
RESULTS
After a careful selection process, 6,910 studies were identified and 25 were included. By far most factors were examined in one study only, and most were considered risk factors. Several factors do not seem to be able to predict the development of limitations in ADLs in people aged 75 years and over, and for some factors ambiguous associations were found. The following risk factors were found in at least two studies: higher age, female gender, diabetes, hypertension, and stroke. A high level of physical activity and being married were protective in multiple studies. Notwithstanding the fact that research in people aged 65 years and over is more extensive, risk and protective factors seem to differ between the 'younger' and 'older' olds.
CONCLUSION
Only a few risk and protective factors in community-dwelling people aged 75 years and over have been analysed in multiple studies. However, the identified factors could serve both detection and prevention purposes, and implications for future research are given as well.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Independent Living; Male; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 27760234
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165127 -
European Journal of Public Health Aug 2019Increasing numbers of children have been forced to flee and seek asylum in high-income countries. Current research indicates that focussing on resilience and protective...
BACKGROUND
Increasing numbers of children have been forced to flee and seek asylum in high-income countries. Current research indicates that focussing on resilience and protective factors is an important long-term goal for positive mental health and psychological functioning of refugee children.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of quantitative literature regarding psychological and contextual factors that contribute to resilience in refugee children residing in high-income countries. Our procedure followed guidelines from the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination.
RESULTS
We identified a number of protective factors as related to positive outcomes. They are drawn from several ecological domains and include age, self-esteem, maintenance of cultural identity, social support, belonging and safety and innovative social care services. A key overarching point reported by the studies we reviewed was that for refugee settlement specific policies and approaches to be beneficial, they were required to be embedded within a positive socially inclusive society. We also identified several limitations across the reported studies.
CONCLUSION
The factors we identified would assist clinicians to adopt a resilience-focussed approach. However, a continued pre-occupation with psychopathology was evident across the studies, which we argue as holding back the development of resilience-focussed approaches.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Protective Factors; Refugees; Resilience, Psychological; Self Concept; Transients and Migrants
PubMed: 30380016
DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky232 -
International Journal of Surgery... Aug 2023The incidence of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is nearly 1/5000 and patients with HSCR are usually treated through surgical intervention. Hirschsprung disease-associated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The incidence of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is nearly 1/5000 and patients with HSCR are usually treated through surgical intervention. Hirschsprung disease-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is a complication of HSCR with the highest morbidity and mortality in patients. The evidence on the risk factors for HAEC remains inconclusive to date.
METHODS
Four English databases and four Chinese databases were searched for relevant studies published until May 2022. The search retrieved 53 relevant studies. The retrieved studies were scored on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale by three researchers. Revman 5.4 software was employed for data synthesis and analysis. Stata 16 software was employed for sensitivity analysis and bias analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 53 articles were retrieved from the database search, which included 10 012 cases of HSCR and 2310 cases of HAEC. The systematic analysis revealed anastomotic stenosis or fistula [ I2 =66%, risk ratio (RR)=1.90, 95% CI 1.34-2.68, P <0.001], preoperative enterocolitis ( I2 =55%, RR=2.07, 95% CI 1.71-2.51, P <0.001), preoperative malnutrition ( I2 =0%, RR=1.96, 95% CI 1.52-2.53, P <0.001), preoperative respiratory infection or pneumonia ( I2 =0%, RR=2.37, 95% CI 1.91-2.93, P <0.001), postoperative ileus ( I2 =17%, RR=2.41, 95% CI 2.02-2.87, P <0.001), length of ganglionless segment greater than 30 cm ( I2 =0%, RR=3.64, 95% CI 2.43-5.48, P <0.001), preoperative hypoproteinemia ( I2 =0%, RR=1.91, 95% CI 1.44-2.54, P <0.001), and Down syndrome ( I2 =29%, RR=1.65, 95% CI 1.32-2.07, P <0.001) as the risk factors for postoperative HAEC. Short-segment HSCR ( I2 =46%, RR=0.62, 95% CI 0.54-0.71, P <0.001) and transanal operation ( I2 =78%, RR=0.56, 95% CI 0.33-0.96, P =0.03) were revealed as the protective factors against postoperative HAEC. Preoperative malnutrition ( I2 =35 % , RR=5.33, 95% CI 2.68-10.60, P <0.001), preoperative hypoproteinemia ( I2 =20%, RR=4.17, 95% CI 1.91-9.12, P <0.001), preoperative enterocolitis ( I2 =45%, RR=3.51, 95% CI 2.54-4.84, P <0.001), and preoperative respiratory infection or pneumonia ( I2 =0%, RR=7.20, 95% CI 4.00-12.94, P <0.001) were revealed as the risk factors for recurrent HAEC, while short-segment HSCR ( I2 =0%, RR=0.40, 95% CI 0.21-0.76, P =0.005) was revealed as a protective factor against recurrent HAEC.
CONCLUSION
The present review delineated the multiple risk factors for HAEC, which could assist in preventing the development of HAEC.
Topics: Humans; Hirschsprung Disease; Enterocolitis; Risk Factors; Incidence; Morbidity
PubMed: 37288551
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000473 -
Addictive Behaviors Feb 2023For decades, alcohol use disorder has been investigated in an attempt to understand its processes and implications. However, among all of the factors involved in alcohol... (Review)
Review
For decades, alcohol use disorder has been investigated in an attempt to understand its processes and implications. However, among all of the factors involved in alcohol use disorder, the role of guilt in alcohol use remains poorly explained, with many contradictory results. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to conduct a systematic analysis of the literature from 1990 to 2022 to review the studies investigating the link between guilt and alcohol consumption. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method, 31 studies were included in this review. The results of this work enable to highlight the plurality of guilt that has been studied in the literature. Grouped in two categories: state guilt and trait guilt, they seem to have diverse implications towards alcohol use or misuse. Guilt proneness seems to act as a protective factor towards alcohol use, except for the few studies conducted on a clinical population. Numerous studies indicated that state guilt is deleterious toward alcohol use, even if some results are contradictory. Furthermore, this work allows us to shed light on the limits of the studies currently carried out, and thus to propose new directions for future studies.
Topics: Humans; Alcoholism; Guilt; Alcohol Drinking; Protective Factors
PubMed: 36332517
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107531 -
Health Psychology : Official Journal of... Oct 2023Acute postsurgical pain (APSP), defined as pain within 3 months after surgery, is reported in most surgical pediatric patients, and a significant number of patients... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Acute postsurgical pain (APSP), defined as pain within 3 months after surgery, is reported in most surgical pediatric patients, and a significant number of patients experience pain interfering with their daily life activities. We aimed to identify perioperative and psychosocial factors associated with APSP severity in pediatric patients undergoing surgery.
METHOD
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CENTRAL were searched from database inception to October 2021. Studies that reported an association between risk or protective factors and acute pain in children were included. The primary outcome was the magnitude of association between identified factors and APSP, as measured by standardized effect sizes.
RESULTS
Thirty-eight studies (7,936 participants aged 1-18 years) were included. Meta-analysis of 12 studies (1,192 participants) revealed child preoperative pain, pain immediately after surgery, anticipated pain, temperament, pain catastrophizing, age, preoperative anxiety, parent pain catastrophizing, and parent preoperative anxiety were positively associated with APSP. Child pain coping efficacy was protective against APSP. We identified several modifiable child and parent psychosocial factors as predictors of APSP severity.
CONCLUSION
Given the small degree of association between identified factors and postsurgical pain, there is value in pursuing other factors that may better explain the variability in pain. Recognizing patients at risk for moderate to severe APSP enables early implementation of interventions to minimize pain burden. Interventions to enhance coping, an adaptive characteristic, may also help to reduce APSP. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Child; Protective Factors; Anxiety; Pain, Postoperative; Catastrophization; Temperament
PubMed: 37261750
DOI: 10.1037/hea0001293