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Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental... Dec 2022Although alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a global health threat, there are no specific effective treatments for it. Thus, efforts at preventing ALD are important... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Although alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a global health threat, there are no specific effective treatments for it. Thus, efforts at preventing ALD are important and could be enhanced by using strategies based on validated risk and protective factors for the disease.
METHODS
The literature on factors influencing the risk for ALD was systematically searched from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases from inception to June 2022. Factors suitable for quantitative analysis were submitted to meta-analysis using fixed-effects and random-effects models to calculate each factor's risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Ten cohort studies (covering 1,005,339 subjects) that reported a clear causal relationship were included in the analysis, involving 11 potential risk factors (sex, race, education level, body mass index, alcohol consumption, types of alcoholic beverage, duration of drinking, drinking frequency, smoking, coffee consumption, and tea consumption). Three of these factors (sex, alcohol consumption, and smoking) were subjected to meta-analysis, and the results showed that male sex (RR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.86-4.36), alcohol consumption ≥280 g/week (RR = 4.96, 95% CI = 2.71-9.07), and smoking (RR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.97-2.89) were risk factors for ALD.
CONCLUSIONS
Many factors are likely to influence the incidence of ALD, and male sex, heavy alcohol consumption, and smoking increase the risk of ALD. The relationship between other factors and ALD risk needs further evaluation.
Topics: Male; Humans; Alcohol Drinking; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Alcoholic Beverages; Liver Diseases
PubMed: 36203342
DOI: 10.1111/acer.14951 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal... Mar 2019To summarise current evidence evaluating the effects of human milk on the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To summarise current evidence evaluating the effects of human milk on the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants.
DESIGN
We searched for studies on human milk and BPD in English and Chinese databases on 26 July 2017. Furthermore, the references of included studies were also screened. The inclusion criteria in this meta-analysis were the following: (1) preterm infants (<37 weeks); (2) human milk; (3) comparing with formula feeding; (4) the outcome included BPD; and (5) the type of study was randomised controlled trial (RCT) or cohort study.
RESULT
A total of 17 cohort studies and 5 RCTs involving 8661 preterm infants met our inclusion criteria. The ORs and 95% CIs of six groups were as follows: 0.78 (0.68 to 0.88) for exclusive human milk versus exclusive formula group, 0.77 (0.68 to 0.87) for exclusive human milk versus mainly formula group, 0.76 (0.68 to 0.87) for exclusive human milk versus any formula group, 0.78 (0.68 to 0.88) for mainly human milk versus exclusive formula group, 0.83 (0.69 to 0.99) for mainly human milk versus mainly formula group and 0.82 (0.73 to 0.93) for any human milk versus exclusive formula group. Notably, subgroup of RCT alone showed a trend towards protective effect of human milk on BPD but no statistical significance.
CONCLUSION
Both exclusive human milk feeding and partial human milk feeding appear to be associated with lower risk of BPD in preterm infants. The quality of evidence is low. Therefore, more RCTs of this topic are needed.
Topics: Bottle Feeding; Breast Feeding; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Milk, Human; Prevalence; Protective Factors
PubMed: 29907614
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-314205 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a serious issue that affects millions of youth worldwide. ADV can be any intentional psychological, emotional, physical, or sexual... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a serious issue that affects millions of youth worldwide. ADV can be any intentional psychological, emotional, physical, or sexual aggression that occurs in adolescent dating and/or sexual relationships, and can occur both in person and electronically. The mental health consequences of ADV can be significant and far reaching, with studies finding long-term effects of dating violence victimization in adolescence. Preventing ADV so that youth do not experience negative mental health consequences is thus necessary. To be effective, however, prevention efforts must be comprehensive and address more than one domain of the social-ecological model, incorporating risk and protective factors across the individual level; relationship level; community level; and societal level. To support researchers and practitioners in designing such prevention programs, an understanding of what risk and protective factors have been identified over the past several decades of ADV research, and how these factors are distributed across levels of the social-ecological model, is needed.
METHODS
This study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We included peer-reviewed articles published in English between January 2000 and September 2020. The search strategy was developed in collaboration with a research librarian. Covidence was used for title and abstract screening and full text review. Data were extracted from included articles using a standardized charting template, and then synthesized into tables by type of factor (risk or protective), role in ADV (victimization or perpetration), and level(s) of the social-ecological model (individual, relationship, community, societal).
RESULTS
Our initial search across six databases identified 4,798 potentially relevant articles for title and abstract review. Following title and abstract screening and full text review, we found 20 articles that were relevant to our study objective and that met inclusion criteria. Across these 20 articles, there was a disproportionate focus on risk factors at the individual and relationship levels of the social-ecological model, particularly for ADV perpetration. Very little was found about risk factors at the community or societal levels for ADV victimization or perpetration. Furthermore, a very small proportion of articles identified any protective factors, regardless of level of the social-ecological model.
CONCLUSION
Despite best practice suggesting that ADV prevention strategies should be comprehensive and directed at multiple levels of an individual's social ecology, this systematic scoping review of reviews revealed that very little is known about risk factors beyond the individual and relationship level of the social-ecological model. Further, past research appears steeped in a risk-focused paradigm, given the limited focus on protective factors. Research is needed that identifies risk factors beyond the individual and relationship levels, and a strengths-based focus should be used to identify novel protective factors. In addition, a more critical approach to ADV research - to identify structural and not just individual risk and protective factors - is needed.
PubMed: 36339863
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933433 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Dec 2014Adolescence is a peak time for the onset of depression, but little is known about what adolescents can do to reduce their own level of risk. To fill this gap, a review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Adolescence is a peak time for the onset of depression, but little is known about what adolescents can do to reduce their own level of risk. To fill this gap, a review was carried out to identify risk and protective factors for depression during adolescence that are modifiable by the young person.
METHODS
Employing the PRISMA method, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies to identify risk and protective factors during the adolescent period (aged 12-18 years) that are potentially modifiable by the young person without professional intervention or assistance. Stouffer׳s method of combining p values was used to determine whether associations between variables were reliable, and meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the mean effect sizes of associations.
RESULTS
We identified 113 publications which met the inclusion criteria. Putative risk factors implicated in the development of depression for which there is a sound evidence base, and which are potentially modifiable during adolescence without professional intervention, are: substance use (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, other illicit drugs, and polydrug use); dieting; negative coping strategies; and weight. Modifiable protective factors with a sound evidence base are healthy diet and sleep.
LIMITATIONS
Limitations include not systematically reviewing moderators and mediators, the lack of generalisability across cultures or to younger children or young adults, and the inability to conduct a meta-analysis on all included studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings from this review suggest that future health education campaigns or self-help prevention interventions targeting adolescent depression should aim to reduce substance use (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, other illicit drugs, and polydrug use); dieting; and negative coping strategies; and promote healthy weight; diet; and sleep patterns.
Topics: Adolescent; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Life Style; Longitudinal Studies; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 25154536
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.006 -
PloS One 2022The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene is located within the myopia-associated MYP3 interval, which suggests it may play an important role in the progression of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene is located within the myopia-associated MYP3 interval, which suggests it may play an important role in the progression of myopia. However, the association between IGF1 SNPs and any myopia is rarely reported.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was conducted on studies published up to July 22, 2021 in PubMed, EMBASE, CBM, COCHRANE, CNKI, WANFANG and VIP databases. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been evaluated in at least three studies.
RESULTS
Nine studies involving 4596 subjects with any myopia and 4950 controls examined 25 SNPs in IGF1 gene, among which seven SNPs were included in this meta-analysis. Significant associations were not found in any genetic models between rs6214, rs12423791, rs5742632, rs10860862, rs5742629 and any myopia. Rs2162679 was suggestively associated with any myopia in the codominant model (GA vs. AA: OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76-1.00) and the dominant model (GG+GA vs. AA: OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78-1.00).
CONCLUSION
Meta-analysis of updated data reveals that the G allele of the IGF1 rs2162679 SNP is a potential protective factor for any myopia, which is worth further researches.
Topics: Alleles; Case-Control Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Myopia; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protective Factors
PubMed: 35862416
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271809 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jul 2023People living with depression are subjected to widespread stigmatization worldwide. Self-stigma may negatively affect patients' treatment, recovery, and psychological... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
People living with depression are subjected to widespread stigmatization worldwide. Self-stigma may negatively affect patients' treatment, recovery, and psychological well-being. This review aims to summarize and synthesize the evidence on the prevalence, risk, and protective factors of depression self-stigma.
METHODS
Four online databases, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase, were searched to identify eligible studies. Fifty-six studies involving a total of 11,549 samples were included in the final analysis. Four reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in eligible studies. Pearson's r was chosen as the effect size metric of risk and protective factors.
RESULTS
The results showed that the global prevalence of depression self-stigma was 29 %. Levels of self-stigma varied across regions, but this difference was not significant. Two demographic factors were identified: ethnicity (r = 0.10, p < 0.05) and having a partner/married (r = -0.22, p < 0.001). Five risk factors were identified: depression severity (r = 0.33, p < 0.01), public stigma (r = 0.44, p < 0.001), treatment stigma (r = 0.46, p < 0.001), perceived stigma (r = 0.37, p < 0.001), and enacted stigma (r = 0.71, p < 0.001). Five protective factors were identified: quality of life (r = -0.38, p < 0.001), social relationship (r = -0.26, p < 0.05), self-esteem (r = -0.46, p < 0.001), extroversion (r = -0.32, p < 0.001), and social functioning (r = -0.49, p < 0.001).
LIMITATIONS
Heterogeneity was observed in some of the results. Causality cannot be inferred due to the predominance of cross-sectional designs among the included literature.
CONCLUSIONS
Risk and protective factors of depression self-stigma exist across many dimensions. Future research should examine the inner mechanisms and effectiveness of interventions to reduce stigma.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Quality of Life; Prevalence; Protective Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Social Stigma
PubMed: 37060952
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.013 -
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric... May 2018To provide an overview of resilience and protective factors associated with a better life following child maltreatment exposure, to compare protective factors across...
PURPOSE
To provide an overview of resilience and protective factors associated with a better life following child maltreatment exposure, to compare protective factors across specific subtypes of maltreatment, and to explore existing issues in the current state of the literature.
METHODS
Electronic databases and grey literature up to October 2017 were systematically searched for English language with observational study designs for the research on resilience and childhood maltreatment. Systematic review and qualitative approaches were used to synthesize the results. Study quality and heterogeneity were also examined.
RESULTS
Initial screening of titles and abstracts resulted in 247 papers being reviewed. A total of 85 articles met eligibility criteria of this review. Most of these studies had low or middle study quality. There were two subgroups of studies reviewed: (1) 11 studies examined whether resilience protected against the negative consequence of childhood maltreatment, and, (2) 75 studies explored what protective factor was associated with a kind of adaptive functioning. Although the conceptualization of resilience significantly varied from study to study, protective factors associated with resilience at individual, familial, and societal levels reduced the likelihood of negative consequences of childhood maltreatment. Negative consequences following childhood maltreatment can be prevented or moderated if protective factors are provided in time. Future research needs to address the conceptualization issue of resilience.
CONCLUSIONS
Public and population mental health preventions should focus on early childhood and apply preventive strategies as early as possible. Cost-effective studies should be considered in the evaluation of resilience prevention program.
Topics: Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Female; Humans; Male; Observational Studies as Topic; Protective Factors; Resilience, Psychological
PubMed: 29349479
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1485-2 -
Nutrition, Metabolism, and... Nov 2020Canola oil (CO) is a plant-based oil with the potential to improve several cardiometabolic risk factors. We systematically reviewed controlled clinical trials... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Canola oil (CO) is a plant-based oil with the potential to improve several cardiometabolic risk factors. We systematically reviewed controlled clinical trials investigating the effects of CO on lipid profiles, apo-lipoproteins, glycemic indices, inflammation, and blood pressure compared to other edible oils in adults.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Online databases were searched for articles up to January 2020. Forty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. CO significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC, -0.27 mmol/l, n = 37), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, -0.23 mmol/l, n = 35), LDL-C to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LDL/HDL, -0.21, n = 10), TC/HDL (-0.13, n = 15), apolipoprotein B (Apo B, -0.03 g/l, n = 14), and Apo B/Apo A-1 (-0.02, n = 6) compared to other edible oils (P < 0.05). Compared to olive oil, CO decreased TC (-0.23 mmol/l, n = 9), LDL-C (-0.17 mmol/l, n = 9), LDL/HDL (-0.39, n = 2), and triglycerides in VLDL (VLDL-TG, -0.10 mmol/l, n = 2) (P < 0.05). Compared to sunflower oil, CO improved LDL-C (-0.14 mmol/l, n = 11), and LDL/HDL (-0.30, n = 3) (P < 0.05). In comparison with saturated fats, CO improved TC (-0.59 mmol/l, n = 11), TG (-0.08 mmol/l, n = 11), LDL-C (-0.49 mmol/l, n = 10), TC/HDL (-0.29, n = 5), and Apo B (-0.09 g/l, n = 4) (P < 0.05). Based on the nonlinear dose-response curve, replacing CO with ~15% of total caloric intake provided the greatest benefits.
CONCLUSION
CO significantly improved different cardiometabolic risk factors compared to other edible oils. Further well-designed clinical trials are warranted to confirm the dose-response associations.
Topics: Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet, Healthy; Energy Intake; Humans; Nutritive Value; Protective Factors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rapeseed Oil; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Risk Assessment; Risk Reduction Behavior; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33127255
DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.06.007 -
Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2023It has been reported in various studies that identifying risk and protective factors and outcomes of cyberbullying perpetration (CP) and cyberbullying victimization (CV)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PROBLEM
It has been reported in various studies that identifying risk and protective factors and outcomes of cyberbullying perpetration (CP) and cyberbullying victimization (CV) is crucial for educational strategies to fight against cyberbullying. The main purpose of the present study is to conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to identify which risk and protective factors are more strongly associated with CP/CV and possible consequences of CP/CV among children and youth in Türkiye.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), ProQuest, ERIC, SCOPUS, Turkish Psychiatry Index, DergiPark, and National Dissertation/Thesis Center of Türkiye were searched to identify relevant studies.
SAMPLE
Fifty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria included in the present study.
RESULTS
Results revealed that the strongest risk factor was traditional bullying for CP (r = 0.47, p < .001) and traditional victimization for CV (r = 0.43, p < .001). The strongest protective factor was social skill for CP (r = -0.45, p < .001) and empathy for CV (r = -0.25, p < .001). In addition, involvement in CP behaviors had the strongest effect on negative self-concept (r = 0.28, p < .001), while exposure to CV on anxiety (r = 0.35, p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Although this study has some limitations, the study's findings are important source of information for many professionals, such as pediatric nurses, school psychological counselors, psychologists, and policymakers to further educational strategies for children and young people in Türkiye.
IMPLICATIONS
The study findings would be useful for developing educational programs to strengthen protective factors and reduce risk factors to prevent cyberbullying perpetration behaviors.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Cyberbullying; Turkey; Bullying; Crime Victims; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37696170
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.09.003 -
The Journal of Primary Prevention Jun 2018Transgender and gender variant (GV) youth experience elevated risk for poor health and academic outcomes due mainly to social experiences of stigma and discrimination....
Transgender and gender variant (GV) youth experience elevated risk for poor health and academic outcomes due mainly to social experiences of stigma and discrimination. To supplement the growing evidence on health risks encountered by transgender/GV youth, we identified factors theorized to be protective for these youth across all four levels of Bronfenbrenner's socioecological model (individual, relationship, community, societal). We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed research. The articles included in this review were published in peer-reviewed journals in English or Spanish between 1999 and 2014, analyzed data from a sample or subsample of transgender or GV participants with a mean age between 10 and 24 years, and examined the relationship of at least one theorized protective factor to a health or behavioral outcome. Twenty-one articles met inclusion criteria. Transgender/GV youth in included articles ranged from 11 to 26 years of age, were racially/ethnically diverse, and represented varied gender identities. Within these articles, 27 unique protective factors across four levels of the ecological model were identified as related to positive health and well-being. Self-esteem at the individual level, healthy relationships with parents and peers at the relationship-level, and gay-straight alliances at the community level emerged as protective factors across multiple studies. Our findings underscore the relative lack of research on transgender/GV youth and protective factors. Novel recruitment strategies for transgender/GV youth and better measurement of transgender identities are needed to confirm these protective relationships and identify others. Growth in these areas will contribute to building a body of evidence to inform interventions.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Protective Factors; Social Stigma; Transgender Persons; Young Adult
PubMed: 29700674
DOI: 10.1007/s10935-018-0508-9