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Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official... Jun 2014This review investigates the role of p16(INK4a) as a marker of transcriptionally active human papillomavirus (HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus shows highly variable prevalence in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and no significant correlation to p16INK4a overexpression: a systematic review.
INTRODUCTION
This review investigates the role of p16(INK4a) as a marker of transcriptionally active human papillomavirus (HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the regional prevalence of HPV in ESCC.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched with the purpose of identifying all studies published between January 1980 and July 2013 reporting both HPV and p16 results in a minimum of five human ESCC specimens.
RESULTS
Twelve studies were identified, providing data on a total of 1383 ESCC specimens collected between 1987 and 2009 from 10 different countries. HPV DNA was detected in 12.0% (n = 161) of 1347 specimens, and p16(INK4a) was detected in 33.9% (n = 209) of 617 specimens. The HPV presence varied from 0% to 70% among the studies. The prevalence of p16(INK4a) overexpression in HPV-positive and HPV-negative specimens demonstrated no statistically significant difference, neither for the combined data (p = 0.7507) nor for any individual study, and detection of p16(INK4a) overexpression did not affect the odds of tumors being HPV positive (odds ratio = 1.0666 with 95% confidence interval 0.7040-1.6157). In a pooled analysis, the sensitivity of p16(INK4a) overexpression as a marker of HPV DNA presence was 0.35, the specificity 0.67, and the positive predictive value 0.25.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review reports great regional variation in the prevalence of HPV in ESCC and suggests that p16(INK4a) is not a reliable marker of HPV status in ESCC.
Topics: Biomarkers; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; DNA, Viral; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Predictive Value of Tests; Prevalence
PubMed: 24787962
DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000166 -
European Journal of Cancer Prevention :... Nov 2020High mobility group A protein-2 (HMGA2) is an architectural transcription factor that binds to the A/T-rich DNA minor groove and is responsible for regulating... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
High mobility group A protein-2 (HMGA2) is an architectural transcription factor that binds to the A/T-rich DNA minor groove and is responsible for regulating transcriptional activity of multiple genes indirectly through chromatin change and assembling enhanceosome. HMGA2 is overexpressed in multiple tumor types, suggesting its involvement in cancer initiation and progression, thus, making it an ideal candidate for cancer diagnostic and prognostic. We performed a systematic review to examine the role of HMGA2 as a universal tumor cancer diagnostic and prognostic marker. We used Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies to systematically search OvidMedline, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library for English language studies, published between 1995 and June 2019. Meta-analysis provided pooled risk estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for an association between overall survival and recurrence of cancers for studies with available estimates. We identified 42 eligible studies with a total of 5123 tumor samples in 15 types of cancer. The pooled percentage of HMGA2 gene expression in tumor samples was 65.14%. Meta-analysis showed that cancer patients with HMGA2 positive have significantly reduced survival, compared to patients without HMGA2 gene [pooled-hazard ratio (HR) = 1.85, 95% CI 1.48-2.22]. There was a positive association between cancer patients with HMGA2 overexpression and cancer recurrence though this association did not reach significance (pooled-HR = 1.44, 95% CI 0.80-2.07). Overexpression of HMGA2 was found in 15 types of cancer. There was an association between HMGA2 overexpression with reduced survival of cancer patients. HMGA2 is thus considered a promising universal tumor marker for prognostics.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Combined Modality Therapy; HMGA2 Protein; Humans; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Survival Rate
PubMed: 32898013
DOI: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000602 -
OncoTargets and Therapy 2018Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) is a microtubule-associated protein that plays an important role in spindle assembly and dynamics. However, the clinical and... (Review)
Review
Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) is a microtubule-associated protein that plays an important role in spindle assembly and dynamics. However, the clinical and prognostic value of TPX2 in the digestive system cancers remains unclear. The objective of this review was to evaluate the association of TPX2 expression with disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and clinicopathological features of digestive system cancers. The software Stata 12.0 was used to analyze the outcomes, including OS, disease-free survival (DFS), and clinicopathological characteristics. A total of 10 eligible studies with 906 patients were included. Elevated TPX2 expression was significantly associated with poor DFS (pooled hazard ratio [HR] =2.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.96-3.13) and OS (pooled HR =2.66, 95% CI: 2.04-3.48) of digestive system malignancies. Subgroup analyses showed that cancer type, sample size, study quality, and laboratory detection methods did not alter the significant prognostic value of TPX2. Additionally, TPX2 expression was found to be an independent predictive factor for DFS (HR =2.31, 95% CI: 1.78-3.01). TPX2 expression might be associated with TNM stage and pathological grade in digestive system cancer. In conclusion, TPX2 is an independent prognostic factor for survival of patients with digestive system cancer. Furthermore, its overexpression is associated with TNM stage and pathological grade in digestive system cancer.
PubMed: 29551902
DOI: 10.2147/OTT.S150829 -
Medical Oncology (Northwood, London,... Jan 2015Accumulated evidence has indicated a correlation between annexin A2 (ANXA2) and malignancy progression. However, whether ANXA2 expression can be considered as a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Accumulated evidence has indicated a correlation between annexin A2 (ANXA2) and malignancy progression. However, whether ANXA2 expression can be considered as a prognostic factor for cancer patients remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the prognostic value of ANXA2 overexpression. A systematically comprehensive search for studies investigating the relationships between ANXA2 expression and outcome of malignant tumor patients was performed using PubMed and EMBASE. Prognostic value of ANXA2 expression in malignancy patients was evaluated regarding overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and various clinicopathological features measured by pooled hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Fifteen studies including 2,321 patients were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Our results showed that the overexpression of ANXA2 was correlated with poor prognosis in terms of OS (HR 1.56; 95 % CI 1.24-1.97; P < 0.001) and DFS (HR 1.47; 95 % CI 1.18-1.83; P < 0.001) in patients with malignant tumors. In addition, ANXA2 overexpression was significantly associated with tumor invasion (HR 2.06; 95 % CI 1.47-2.89; P < 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (HR 2.25; 95 % CI 1.21-4.15; P = 0.01). However, when age, tumor stage, histological grade and distant metastasis were considered, no obvious association was observed. Publication bias was absent. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of this meta-analysis were robust. The present meta-analysis results indicated that ANXA2 overexpression might be associated with poor outcomes in patients with malignant tumors.
Topics: Annexin A2; Biomarkers, Tumor; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 25476478
DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0392-y -
PloS One 2015Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are regarded to be relevant to the prognosis of breast cancer. Numerous studies have confirmed the association between MMPs and tumor... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are regarded to be relevant to the prognosis of breast cancer. Numerous studies have confirmed the association between MMPs and tumor growth, invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. However, their prognostic values for survival in patients with breast cancer remain controversial. Hence, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify a more accurate estimation of the role of MMPs on prognosis of breast cancer patients.
METHOD
A systemic electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of science databases to identify eligible studies, which were associated with the relationship between MMPs and prognosis of breast cancer. The correlation in random-effect model was evaluated by using the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
A total of 28 studies covering 4944 patients were included for meta-analysis. A summary hazard ratio (HR) of all studies was calculated, as well as the sub-group HRs. The combined HRs calculated by either univariate or multivariate analysis both suggested that overexpression of MMPs had an unfavorable impact on overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.694, 95%CI: 1.347-2.129, P < 0.001; HR = 1.611, 95%CI: 1.419-1.830, P < 0.001, respectively). And the univariate analysis showed that patients with overexpression of MMPs had worse relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR = 1.969, 95%CI: 1.460-2.655, P < 0.001) in all eligible studies. In the sub-group analyses, HRs of MMP-9 positivity with poor OS were 1.794 (95%CI: 1.330-2.420, P < 0.001) and 1.709 (95%CI: 1.157-2.526, P = 0.007) which were separately evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. A small number of articles demonstrated that MMP-2 overexpression was not related with shorter OS (HR = 1.400, 95%CI: 0.610-3.029, P = 0.427). Four studies included in the OS analysis of MMPs expression in serum suggested that positive expression of serum MMPs may be an unfavorable factor (HR = 1.630, 95%CI: 1.065-2.494) for breast cancer patients. No publication bias was observed in the current meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggested that MMPs overexpression (especially MMP-9, MMP-2, MMPs overexpression in serum) might indicate a higher risk of poor prognosis in breast cancer. Larger prospective studies are further needed to estimate the prognostic values of MMPs overexpression.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Prognosis; Survival Analysis; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 26270045
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135544 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Feb 2022Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease of the hair follicle defined by recurrent nodules, tunnels and scarring involving the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease of the hair follicle defined by recurrent nodules, tunnels and scarring involving the intertriginous regions. HS is associated with microbial dysbiosis and immune dysregulation. In HS, an increasing number of studies have investigated antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).
OBJECTIVES
To provide an overview of the literature on AMPs in HS, and to discuss the potential role of AMPs in the pathogenesis of HS.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched. The titles, abstracts and full texts of all articles were manually screened. Additionally, the reference lists of the included articles were screened and hand searched for relevant studies.
RESULTS
The final literature sample comprised 18 retrospective and prospective studies (no reviews or commentaries) published between 2009 and 2020.
CONCLUSIONS
This review demonstrates the multitude of AMPs in HS. Although the methodology of the studies varied, the included studies indicate a consistent overexpression of human β-defensin (hBD)-2, S100A7, S100A8 and S100A9 at both the mRNA and protein levels, and a decreased expression of hBD-1. Overall, the studies point to a dysregulation of AMPs in both lesional and nonlesional HS skin.
Topics: Antimicrobial Peptides; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Skin
PubMed: 34498267
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20750 -
Hypoxia and hypoxia response-associated molecular markers in esophageal cancer: A systematic review.Methods (San Diego, Calif.) Nov 2017In this systematic review, the existing evidence of available hypoxia-associated molecular response biomarkers in esophageal cancer (EC) patients is summarized and set... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
In this systematic review, the existing evidence of available hypoxia-associated molecular response biomarkers in esophageal cancer (EC) patients is summarized and set into the context of the role of hypoxia in the prediction of esophageal cancer, treatment response and treatment outcome.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed in Web of Science, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases using the keywords: hypoxia, esophagus, cancer, treatment outcome and treatment response. Eligible publications were independently evaluated by two reviewers. In total, 22 out of 419 records were included for systematic review. The described search strategy was applied weekly, with the last update being performed on April 3rd, 2017.
RESULTS
In esophageal cancer, several (non-)invasive biomarkers for hypoxia could be identified. Independent prognostic factors for treatment response include HIF-1α, CA IX, GLUT-1 overexpression and elevated uptake of the PET-tracer F-fluoroerythronitroimidazole (F-FETNIM). Hypoxia-associated molecular responses represents a clinically relevant phenomenon in esophageal cancer and detection of elevated levels of hypoxia-associated biomarkers and tends to be associated with poor treatment outcome (i.e., overall survival, disease-free survival, complete response and local control).
CONCLUSION
Evaluation of tumor micro-environmental conditions, such as intratumoral hypoxia, is important to predict treatment outcome and efficacy. Promising non-invasive imaging-techniques have been suggested to assess tumor hypoxia and hypoxia-associated molecular responses. However, extensive validation in EC is lacking. Hypoxia-associated markers that are independent prognostic factors could potentially provide targets for novel treatment strategies to improve treatment outcome. For personalized hypoxia-guided treatment, safe and reliable makers for tumor hypoxia are needed to select suitable patients.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carbonic Anhydrase IX; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Hypoxia; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
PubMed: 28705470
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.07.002 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Apr 2021Secondary angiosarcoma (AS) most commonly follows breast cancer and includes postirradiation AS (PRAS) and lymphedema-associated AS. The frequent amplification of MYC...
MYC gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization and MYC protein expression by immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of cutaneous angiosarcoma: Systematic review and appropriate use criteria.
BACKGROUND
Secondary angiosarcoma (AS) most commonly follows breast cancer and includes postirradiation AS (PRAS) and lymphedema-associated AS. The frequent amplification of MYC (8q24.21) in secondary AS and the rising incidence of PRAS and atypical vascular lesions (AVLs) have prompted interest in the diagnostic and prognostic utility of MYC in AS.
METHODS
Retrospective series with ≥2 cases of cutaneous AS and describing the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for MYC amplification or immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MYC overexpression were included.
RESULTS
Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, 93% of cases evaluated by FISH and IHC were concordant. The sensitivity of FISH in primary AS was only 6.8%, and protein overexpression occurred without amplification in sun-damaged skin. FISH and IHC were over 78% sensitive in secondary AS but negative in over 98% of AVLs. MYC amplification and FLT4 coamplification were associated with shorter overall survival in secondary AS.
CONCLUSION
FISH for MYC amplification and IHC for MYC overexpression are useful in distinguishing PRAS from AVLs and may also have prognostic value in secondary AS. In contrast, these methods have little diagnostic or prognostic value in primary AS and should not be used to distinguish primary AS from benign vascular neoplasms.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Gene Amplification; Hemangiosarcoma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Lymphedema; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Prognosis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 33128474
DOI: 10.1111/cup.13912 -
Medicine Oct 2018The prognostic role of targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) in solid tumors has been investigated in several researches, but the results remain controversial. Here we... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The prognostic role of targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) in solid tumors has been investigated in several researches, but the results remain controversial. Here we present a meta-analysis to systematically review the association between TPX2 expression levels and prognosis of human solid tumors.
METHODS
Studies published until December 2017 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO, 13 studies (2134 patients) were collected for analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) from individual studies were calculated by the application of Mantel-Haenszel random effect model. Pooled ORs were estimated by Z test. Publication bias and interstudy heterogeneity analyses were also performed.
RESULTS
TPX2 overexpression was associated with poor OS at 3 and 5 years [OR = 4.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.27-6.56, P < .00001; OR = 4.05, 95% CI: 2.32-7.07, P < .00001, respectively] of solid tumors. Similar results were observed with DFS at 3 and 5 years (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.83-6.14, P < .0001; OR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.74-4.98, P < .0001, respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed that increased TPX2 expression was related to worse prognosis of gastric cancer and hepatocellular cancer, while irrelevant to esophageal squamous cell cancer at 5-year survival rate.
CONCLUSIONS
Overexpression of TPX2 is related to poor survival rate in most solid tumors, which indicates that the expression level of TPX2 is a significant prognostic parameter and potential therapeutic target in various solid tumors.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Cycle Proteins; Humans; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Neoplasms; Nuclear Proteins; Prognosis
PubMed: 30412141
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000013018 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2023Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is an aggressive odontogenic lesion that has been the subject of continuous dispute about its biological activity and classification.... (Review)
Review
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is an aggressive odontogenic lesion that has been the subject of continuous dispute about its biological activity and classification. 'Numerous studies are being conducted to see how much more or lower expression of the tumour-suppressing p53 protein is in the odontogenic cyst than in the dentigerous cyst (DC) or ameloblastic tumours. The aim was to find immunohistochemistry studies reporting on OKCs, DCs and ameloblastomas (AMBs); we searched MEDLINE, WEB of Science and SCOPUS. Effects may be shown to exist when the risk difference (RD) between lesions overexpressing and those without the p53 protein was a value of less than 0.05. A total of 129 records were returned in the first hit. After the elimination of duplicates, there were 89 items, of which 18 were deemed eligible for inclusion. According to a meta-analysis of 13 studies including OKCs, DCs and AMB, the chance of p53 expression in OKCs is assessed to be 23 per cent higher ( = 0.003) than in DCs, whereas the probability is predicted to be 4 per cent lower ( = 0.028) than in AMBs. OKCs appear to act more like cancers than odontogenic sores as far as p53 articulation, and the order of this illness into the keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT) ought to be rethought.
PubMed: 37234299
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_58_22