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Nutrients May 2022This systematic review and meta-analysis elucidate the effects of the Japanese-style diet and characteristic Japanese foods on the mortality risk of cardiovascular... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review and meta-analysis elucidate the effects of the Japanese-style diet and characteristic Japanese foods on the mortality risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), and heart disease (HD). This review article followed the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, JDreamIII, and ICHUSHI Web identified prospective cohort studies on Japanese people published till July 2020. The meta-analysis used a random-effects model, and heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated with I statistic and Egger's test, respectively. Based on inclusion criteria, we extracted 58 articles, including 9 on the Japanese-style diet ( = 469,190) and 49 ( = 2,668,238) on characteristic Japanese foods. With higher adherence to the Japanese-style diet, the pooled risk ratios (RRs) for CVD, stroke, heart disease/ischemic heart disease combined (HD/IHD) mortality were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.77-0.89, I = 58%, Egger's test: = 0.625, = 9 studies), 0.80 (95% CI, 0.69-0.93, I = 66%, Egger's test: = 0.602, = 6 studies), and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.75-0.88, I = 0%, Egger's test: = 0.544, = 6 studies), respectively. Increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish, green tea, and milk and dairy products decreased the RR for CVD, stroke, or HD mortality. Increased salt consumption elevated the RR for CVD and stroke mortality. Increased consumption of dietary fiber and plant-derived protein decreased the RR for CVD, stroke, and HD/IHD mortality. The Japanese-style diet and characteristic Japanese foods may reduce CVD mortality. Most studies conducted diet surveys between 1980 and the 1990s. This meta-analysis used articles that evaluated the same cohort study by a different method. A new large-scale cohort study matching the current Japanese dietary habits is needed to confirm these findings.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diet; Heart Diseases; Humans; Japan; Milk; Prospective Studies; Stroke
PubMed: 35631146
DOI: 10.3390/nu14102008 -
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA Nov 2021In the last decade, an intriguing new paradigm of regulation has emerged in which some transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides and no coding potential, long noncoding... (Review)
Review
In the last decade, an intriguing new paradigm of regulation has emerged in which some transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides and no coding potential, long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs), exhibit the capability to control posttranslational modifications of nonhistone proteins in both invertebrates and vertebrates. The extent of such a regulation is still largely unknown. We performed a systematic review to identify and evaluate the potential impact of lncRNA-dependent methylation of nonhistone proteins. Collectively, these lncRNAs primarily act as scaffolds upon which methyltransferases (MTases) and targets are brought in proximity. In this manner, the N-MTase activity of EZH2, protein arginine-MTase 1/4/5, and SMYD2 is exploited to modulate the stability or the compartmentalization of several nonhistone proteins with roles in cell signaling, gene expression, and RNA processing. Moreover, these lncRNAs can indirectly affect the methylation of nonhistone proteins by transcriptional or posttranscriptional regulation of MTases. Strikingly, the lncRNAs/MTases/nonhistone proteins networking seem to be relevant to carcinogenesis and neurological disorders. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs.
Topics: Animals; Gene Expression Regulation; Methylation; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; RNA, Long Noncoding
PubMed: 33913612
DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1661 -
Amino Acids Sep 2018Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a cluster of heterogeneous molecules that are generated in a non-enzymatic reaction by the binding of sugars with amino groups... (Review)
Review
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a cluster of heterogeneous molecules that are generated in a non-enzymatic reaction by the binding of sugars with amino groups of DNA, lipids and proteins. Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide with antioxidant activity, which inhibits protein carbonylation and glycoxidation. This systematic review searched international sources for all published and unpublished original research in English from any year up to the end of April 2018. An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar was conducted. 187 articles were initially found and 133 articles were selected after excluding duplicated data. Review articles, studies based on the components of carnosine and studies that were about the effects of carnosine on AGEs-induced changes were excluded. In total, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. This included 19 in vitro studies, 15 animal studies and two human studies. All but two of the studies indicated that carnosine can prevent the formation of AGEs. The findings of this review indicating that carnosine has anti-glycating properties, and may hinder the formation of protein carbonyls and the cross-links induced by reduced sugars; however, there were few human studies. The mechanism by which carnosine prevents the formation of AGEs needs further investigation.
Topics: Animals; Carnosine; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Protein Carbonylation; Proteins
PubMed: 29858687
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2592-9 -
Clinics in Perinatology Mar 2017This study is a systematic review of the macronutrient and energy composition of preterm human milk to enable the practicing neonatologist to make informed nutritional... (Review)
Review
This study is a systematic review of the macronutrient and energy composition of preterm human milk to enable the practicing neonatologist to make informed nutritional decisions in preterm infants. Meta-analyses were conducted in all the studies that reported total energy, true protein, fat, and lactose. Protein content decreased massively (by one-half) and significantly from day 1 to 3 at week 10 to 12. There was a significant linear increase in fat, lactose, and energy content during the same timeframe. Theoretic calculations on energy and macronutrient intake of preterm infants must be made according to a lactation time-specific manner.
Topics: Adult; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates; Fats; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Lactation; Lactose; Milk Proteins; Milk, Human; Premature Birth
PubMed: 28159203
DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2016.11.010 -
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology... May 2020More than 20% of the world population live in China, which has made significant achievement in human milk research. Part of the data that were published in Chinese were,...
OBJECTIVE
More than 20% of the world population live in China, which has made significant achievement in human milk research. Part of the data that were published in Chinese were, however, unavailable to non-Chinese speakers. There was also no comprehensive overview of crude protein and amino acid levels in human milk in Chinese population. This systematic review aimed to compile the data on human milk crude protein and amino acid levels in Chinese population.
METHODS
After searching for and screening original research articles in both English and Chinese, 23 published from 1987 to 2019 were identified (18 in Chinese and 5 in English). The data were pooled into 9 defined lactation stages.
RESULTS
Crude protein and amino acids (protein bound plus nonprotein bound) concentrations gradually decreased during the first 60 postpartum days and remained relatively static thereafter. The concentrations and dynamic change of crude protein and amino acids were similar to those in other populations. By contrast, the longitudinal changes in free amino acids (nonprotein bound) were less clear due to the limited data available. Several common weaknesses were identified in these studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study represented the most comprehensive overview on crude protein and amino acid concentrations in human milk in Chinese population, and enhanced the knowledge of protein and amino acid intakes and requirements by Chinese infants.
Topics: Amino Acids; China; Female; Humans; Infant; Lactation; Milk Proteins; Milk, Human
PubMed: 31899726
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002612 -
Biomolecules Nov 2022The antioxidant activity of protein-derived peptides was one of the first to be revealed among the more than 50 known peptide bioactivities to date. The exploitation... (Review)
Review
The antioxidant activity of protein-derived peptides was one of the first to be revealed among the more than 50 known peptide bioactivities to date. The exploitation value associated with food-derived antioxidant peptides is mainly attributed to their natural properties and effectiveness as food preservatives and in disease prevention, management, and treatment. An increasing number of antioxidant active peptides have been identified from a variety of renewable sources, including terrestrial and aquatic organisms and their processing by-products. This has important implications for alleviating population pressure, avoiding environmental problems, and promoting a sustainable shift in consumption. To identify such opportunities, we conducted a systematic literature review of recent research advances in food-derived antioxidant peptides, with particular reference to their biological effects, mechanisms, digestive stability, and bioaccessibility. In this review, 515 potentially relevant papers were identified from a preliminary search of the academic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. After removing non-thematic articles, articles without full text, and other quality-related factors, 52 review articles and 122 full research papers remained for analysis and reference. The findings highlighted chemical and biological evidence for a wide range of edible species as a source of precursor proteins for antioxidant-active peptides. Food-derived antioxidant peptides reduce the production of reactive oxygen species, besides activating endogenous antioxidant defense systems in cellular and animal models. The intestinal absorption and metabolism of such peptides were elucidated by using cellular models. Protein hydrolysates (peptides) are promising ingredients with enhanced nutritional, functional, and organoleptic properties of foods, not only as a natural alternative to synthetic antioxidants.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Biological Availability; Peptides; Protein Hydrolysates; Food Handling; Food Additives
PubMed: 36358972
DOI: 10.3390/biom12111622 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Jan 2015In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the ability of leucine supplementation to increase the muscle protein fraction synthetic rate and to augment... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the ability of leucine supplementation to increase the muscle protein fraction synthetic rate and to augment lean body mass or leg lean mass in elderly patients. A literature search was conducted on Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases up to 31 December 2013 for clinical trials that investigated the administration of leucine as a nutrient that affects muscle protein metabolism and muscle mass in elderly subjects. The included studies were randomised controlled trials. The primary outcome for the meta-analysis was the protein fractional synthetic rate. Secondary outcomes included lean body mass and leg lean mass. A total of nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the muscle protein fractional synthetic rate after intervention significantly increased in the leucine group compared with the control group (pooled standardised difference in mean changes 1·08, 95% CI 0·50, 1·67; P< 0·001). No difference was found between the groups in relation to lean body mass (pooled standardised difference in mean changes 0·18, 95% CI - 0·18, 0·54; P= 0·318) or leg lean mass (pooled standardised difference in mean changes 0·006, 95% CI - 0·32, 0·44; P= 0·756). These findings suggest that leucine supplementation is useful to address the age-related decline in muscle mass in elderly individuals, as it increases the muscle protein fractional synthetic rate.
Topics: Aged; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Databases, Factual; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Leg; Leucine; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 25234223
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114514002475 -
JAMA Pediatrics Jun 2024Human milk feeding is a key public health goal to optimize infant and maternal/parental health, but global lactation outcomes do not meet recommended duration and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
Human milk feeding is a key public health goal to optimize infant and maternal/parental health, but global lactation outcomes do not meet recommended duration and exclusivity. There are connections between lactation and mental health.
OBJECTIVE
To appraise all available evidence on whether the provision of relaxation interventions to lactating individuals improves lactation and well-being.
DATA SOURCES
Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched on September 30, 2023, and topic experts were consulted.
STUDY SELECTION
Two independent reviewers screened for eligibility. Inclusion criteria were full-text, peer-reviewed publications with a randomized clinical trial design. Techniques that were entirely physical (eg, massage) were excluded. A total of 7% of initially identified studies met selection criteria.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Fixed-effects meta-analysis and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations guidelines were used to synthesize and present evidence.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Prespecified primary outcomes were human milk quantity, length and exclusivity of human milk feeding, milk macronutrients/cortisol, and infant growth and behavior.
RESULTS
A total of 16 studies were included with 1871 participants (pooled mean [SD] age for 1656 participants, 29.6 [6.1] years). Interventions were music, guided relaxation, mindfulness, and breathing exercises/muscle relaxation. Provision of relaxation was not associated with a change in human milk protein (mean difference [MD], 0 g/100 mL; 95% CI, 0; 205 participants). Provision of relaxation was associated with an increase in human milk quantity (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.89; 464 participants), increased infant weight gain in breastfeeding infants (MD, z score change = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.30-0.72; 226 participants), and a slight reduction in stress and anxiety (SMD stress score, -0.49; 95% CI, -0.70 to -0.27; 355 participants; SMD anxiety score, -0.45; 95% CI, -0.67 to -0.22; 410 participants).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that provision of relaxation was associated with an increase in human milk quantity and infant weight gain and a slight reduction in stress and anxiety. Relaxation interventions can be offered to lactating parents who would like to increase well-being and improve milk supply or, where directly breastfeeding, increase infant weight gain.
Topics: Humans; Relaxation Therapy; Milk, Human; Breast Feeding; Lactation; Infant, Newborn; Female; Infant
PubMed: 38709505
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0814 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Jan 2016To assess the accuracy of the cervical phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (phIGFBP-1) test to predict preterm birth in women with and without... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To assess the accuracy of the cervical phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (phIGFBP-1) test to predict preterm birth in women with and without symptoms of preterm labor through the use of formal methods for systematic reviews and metaanalytic techniques.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, Lilacs, and Medion (all from inception to June 30, 2015), reference lists, conference proceedings, and Google scholar.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Cohort or cross-sectional studies that reported on the predictive accuracy of the cervical phIGFBP-1 test for preterm birth.
STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS
Two reviewers independently selected studies, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted the data. Summary receiver-operating characteristic curves, pooled sensitivities and specificities, and summary likelihood ratios were generated.
RESULTS
Forty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 15 provided data on asymptomatic women (n = 6583) and 34 on women with an episode of preterm labor (n = 3620). Among asymptomatic women, the predictive accuracy of the cervical phIGFBP-1 test for preterm birth at <37, <34, and <32 weeks of gestation was minimal, with pooled sensitivities and specificities and summary positive and negative likelihood ratios ranging from 14% to 47%, 76% to 93%, 1.5 to 4.4, and 0.6 to 1.0, respectively. Among women with an episode of preterm labor, the test had a low predictive performance for delivery within 7 and 14 days of testing, and preterm birth at <34 and <37 weeks of gestation with pooled sensitivities and specificities and summary positive and negative likelihood ratios that varied between 60% and 68%, 77% and 81%, 2.7 and 3.5, and 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. A negative test result in women with an episode of preterm labor had a low to moderate accuracy to identify women who are not at risk for delivering within the next 48 hours (summary negative likelihood ratio of 0.28 in all women and 0.23 in women with singleton gestations).
CONCLUSION
Cervical phIGFBP-1 has the potential utility to identify patients with an episode of preterm labor who will not deliver within 48 hours. However, its overall predictive ability for the identification of symptomatic and asymptomatic women at risk for preterm birth is limited.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cervix Uteri; Female; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Phosphorylation; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Premature Birth
PubMed: 26149828
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.060 -
International Journal of Sport... Jul 2021Along with digestion and absorption of nutrients, the gastrointestinal epithelium acts as a primary intestinal defense layer, preventing luminal pathogens from entering...
Effect of Exercising in the Heat on Intestinal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein, Endotoxins, and Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein Markers in Trained Athletic Populations: A Systematic Literature Review.
Along with digestion and absorption of nutrients, the gastrointestinal epithelium acts as a primary intestinal defense layer, preventing luminal pathogens from entering the circulation. During exercise in the heat, epithelial integrity can become compromised, allowing bacteria and bacterial endotoxins to translocate into circulation, triggering a systemic inflammatory response and exacerbating gastrointestinal damage. While this relationship seems clear in the general population in endurance/ultraendurance exercise, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of exercise in the heat on blood markers of gastrointestinal epithelial disturbance in well-trained individuals. Following the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewed and Meta-Analyses guidelines, five electronic databases were searched for appropriate research, and 1,885 studies were identified. Five studies met the inclusion criteria and were subject to full methodological appraisal by two reviewers. Critical appraisal of the studies was conducted using the McMasters Critical Review Form. The studies investigated changes in markers of gastrointestinal damage (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, endotoxin, and/or lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) following acute exercise in warm to hot conditions (≥ 30 °C) and included trained or well-trained participants with direct comparisons to a control temperate condition (≤ 22 °C). The studies found that prolonged submaximal and strenuous exercise in hot environmental conditions can acutely increase epithelial disturbance compared with exercise in cooler conditions, with disturbances not being clinically relevant. However, trained and well-trained populations appear to tolerate exercise-induced gastrointestinal disturbance in the heat. Whether this is an acquired tolerance related to regular training remains to be investigated.
Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Athletes; Biomarkers; Carrier Proteins; Endotoxins; Exercise; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; Gastrointestinal Tract; Hot Temperature; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Membrane Glycoproteins; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Exertion
PubMed: 34039771
DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0040