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Chest Aug 2017Pertussis (whooping cough) is a highly infective cause of cough that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Existing case definitions include paroxysmal cough,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Pertussis (whooping cough) is a highly infective cause of cough that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Existing case definitions include paroxysmal cough, whooping, and posttussive vomiting, but diagnosis can be difficult. We determined the diagnostic accuracy of clinical characteristics of pertussis-associated cough.
METHODS
We systematically searched CINAHL, Embase, Medline, and SCI-EXPANDED/CPCI-S up to June 2016. Eligible studies compared clinical characteristics in those positive and negative for Bordetella pertussis infection, confirmed by laboratory investigations. Two authors independently completed screening, data extraction, and quality and bias assessments. For each characteristic, RevMan was used to produce descriptive forest plots. The bivariate meta-analysis method was used to generate pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity.
RESULTS
Of 1,969 identified papers, 53 were included. Forty-one clinical characteristics were assessed for diagnostic accuracy. In adult patients, paroxysmal cough and absence of fever have a high sensitivity (93.2% [CI, 83.2-97.4] and 81.8% [CI, 72.2-88.7], respectively) and low specificity (20.6% [CI, 14.7-28.1] and 18.8% [CI, 8.1-37.9]), whereas posttussive vomiting and whooping have low sensitivity (32.5% [CI, 24.5-41.6] and 29.8% [CI, 8.0-45.2]) and high specificity (77.7% [CI, 73.1-81.7] and 79.5% [CI, 69.4-86.9]). Posttussive vomiting in children is moderately sensitive (60.0% [CI, 40.3-77.0]) and specific (66.0% [CI, 52.5-77.3]).
CONCLUSIONS
In adult patients, the presence of whooping or posttussive vomiting should rule in a possible diagnosis of pertussis, whereas the lack of a paroxysmal cough or the presence of fever should rule it out. In children, posttussive vomiting is much less helpful as a clinical diagnostic test.
Topics: Adult; Bordetella pertussis; Child; Cough; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 28511929
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.04.186 -
Journal of Food Protection Mar 2023In the past, studies on antimicrobial resistance were carried out on pathogens in the clinical areas. However, since then, this phenomenon has become a general case both... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
In the past, studies on antimicrobial resistance were carried out on pathogens in the clinical areas. However, since then, this phenomenon has become a general case both in the environment and in the food sector. This systematic review aimed to review the various scientific publications on the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics in foods in West Africa.
METHODS
An extensive literature search was carried out through an electronic database including PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and African Journals Online (AJOL). Articles published from fifteen countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) between 2010 and 2020 on antibiotic resistance of foodborne pathogens were included in the study. The titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles and then the full texts of the selected articles were reviewed.
RESULTS
Out of the 565 articles found in our initial research, 149 publications (26.55%) were considered suitable for inclusion in this review. Globally, 2018, 2019, and 2020 had more included papers (n = 21 to 25) than the other years. Of the 149 publications analyzed, four types of food commodities were identified as products of high consumption based on the number of publications in the field such as poultry (39/149), read-to-eat food (22/149), meat, and animal products (20/149). Most studies have shown that E. coli has the highest prevalence followed by Salmonella and Staphylococcus. Only 33 (22.14%) of the 149 publications were based on further molecular characterization of the isolates. Publications analyzed showed that the most prevalent detected genes were tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(K) blaTEM, catA1, catA2, cmlA, blaCTXM and qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, and qepA4.
CONCLUSION
From these results, antibiotic use in the food areas must be strongly regulated, especially in developing countries, particularly in Africa. This highlights the need to implement suitable and appropriate control strategies to reduce complications and prevent the dissemination of resistant bacteria isolates in foods. One health antimicrobial resistance surveillance system in the region must be a great concern.
Topics: Animals; Escherichia coli; Africa, Western; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36916564
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100061 -
Marine Pollution Bulletin Feb 2023Human vibriosis, caused by pathogenic Vibrio spp., such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus, has been increasing worldwide, mediated by... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Human vibriosis, caused by pathogenic Vibrio spp., such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus, has been increasing worldwide, mediated by increasing consumption of seafood. The present study was conducted to examine the global prevalence of V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae in fishes. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CNKI for peer-reviewed articles and dissertations prior to December 31, 2021. A total of 24,831 articles were retrieved, and 82 articles contained 61 fish families were included. The global pooled prevalence of V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in fishes was 9.56 % (95 % CI: 2.12-20.92), 24.77 % (95 % CI: 17.40-32.93) and 5.29 % (95 % CI: 0.38-13.61), respectively. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that study-level covariates, including temperature, country, continent, origin and detection methods partly explained the between-study heterogeneity. These heterogeneities were underpinned by differences of the three Vibrio spp. in fishes at geographical and climatic scales. These results reveal a high global prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in fishes and highlight the need for implementation of more effective prevention and control measures to reduce food-borne infection in humans.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Public Health; Prevalence; Seafood; Vibrio; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio Infections; Fishes
PubMed: 36621299
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114521 -
International Journal of Food... Aug 2015European legislation has defined as process hygiene criteria for the main livestock species (cattle, sheep, goats, horses and pigs) the monitoring of aerobic colony... (Review)
Review
European legislation has defined as process hygiene criteria for the main livestock species (cattle, sheep, goats, horses and pigs) the monitoring of aerobic colony count and Enterobacteriaceae. Detected values above the defined criteria require an improvement in slaughter hygiene and the review of process control. The main source of microbiological contamination of beef carcasses along the slaughterline is of fecal origin, therefore Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae seem to be the most suitable indicators to assess the hygienic status of the slaughter process. Although microbiological criteria addressing indicator bacteria have been in place in industrialized countries for several years, scattered information still exists on factors affecting their counts on beef carcasses along the slaughterline. Therefore, a systematic literature review, covering the period 2000-2012, was conducted to gather information concerning: 1) counts of E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae on beef carcasses linked to different stages of the slaughterline; 2) factors influencing presence/counts of E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae on beef carcasses; and 3) the relationship between indicator bacteria (E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae) counts and visual fecal contamination of beef carcasses. According to the 41 retrieved papers the following conclusions were drawn. A decrease of the indicator bacteria counts was recorded after sequential decontamination treatments, such as pasteurization and hot water washing. Slaughterhouse characteristics influenced bacterial load of beef carcasses, although it was difficult to assess which factors (i.e., slaughterhouse throughput, design of the plant, surveillance system in place) had the greatest effect. Finally, carcasses from fecal contaminated animals had higher bacterial loads than those from clean animals. Therefore, the development of a visual classification system of the level of dirtiness of carcasses and the application of effective treatments on the carcasses classified as dirty along the slaughterline can lead to a contamination level for these carcasses comparable to or lower than that of originally clean ones at the end of the slaughterline.
Topics: Abattoirs; Animals; Bacterial Load; Colony Count, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Feces; Meat
PubMed: 25978803
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.027 -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2023In rural areas of the United States, an estimated ~1.8 million people lack reliable access to safe drinking water. Considering the relative dearth of information on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
In rural areas of the United States, an estimated ~1.8 million people lack reliable access to safe drinking water. Considering the relative dearth of information on water contamination and health outcomes in Appalachia, we conducted a systematic review of studies of microbiological and chemical drinking water contamination and associated health outcomes in rural Appalachia. We pre-registered our protocols, limiting eligibility to primary data studies published from 2000 to 2019, and searched four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library). We used qualitative syntheses, meta-analyses, risk of bias analysis, and meta-regression to assess reported findings, with reference to US EPA drinking water standards. Of the 3452 records identified for screening, 85 met our eligibility criteria. 93 % of eligible studies (n = 79) used cross-sectional designs. Most studies were conducted in Northern (32 %, n = 27) and North Central (24 %, n = 20) Appalachia, and only 6 % (n = 5) were conducted exclusively in Central Appalachia. Across studies, E. coli were detected in 10.6 % of samples (sample-size-weighted mean percentage from 4671 samples, 14 publications). Among chemical contaminants, sample-size-weighted mean concentrations for arsenic were 0.010 mg/L (n = 21,262 samples, 6 publications), and 0.009 mg/L for lead (n = 23,259, 5 publications). 32 % (n = 27) of studies assessed health outcomes, but only 4.7 % (n = 4) used case-control or cohort designs (all others were cross-sectional). The most commonly reported outcomes were detection of PFAS in blood serum (n = 13), gastrointestinal illness (n = 5), and cardiovascular-related outcomes (n = 4). Of the 27 studies that assessed health outcomes, 62.9 % (n = 17) appeared to be associated with water contamination events that had received national media attention. Overall, based on the number and quality of eligible studies identified, we could not reach clear conclusions about the state of water quality, or its impacts on health, in any of Appalachia's subregions. More epidemiologic research is needed to understand contaminated water sources, exposures, and potentially associated health outcomes in Appalachia.
Topics: Humans; Drinking Water; Escherichia coli; Water Pollution; Appalachian Region; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 37207762
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164036 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Dec 2017Rosacea is a common skin disease characterized by facial erythema, telangiectasia, papules and pustules. Helicobacter pylori infection has been suggested to play a role... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Rosacea is a common skin disease characterized by facial erythema, telangiectasia, papules and pustules. Helicobacter pylori infection has been suggested to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of rosacea.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review and meta-analyse the relationship between rosacea and infection with Helicobacter pylori.
METHODS
A literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Data extraction and analyses were performed on descriptive data. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects models with DerSimonian-Laird methods were utilized to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Heterogeneity of results was assessed using I² statistics.
RESULTS
A total of 454 articles were identified and 42 full-text articles were chosen for further review. Fourteen studies were included in the quantitative meta-analysis, comprising a total of 928 rosacea patients and 1527 controls. The overall association between Helicobacter pylori infection and rosacea was non-significant (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.00-2.84, P = 0.052), but analysis restricted to C-urea breath test showed a significant association (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.92-5.07, P < 0.0001). Effect of eradication treatment on rosacea symptoms was assessed in seven studies, but without significant effect (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.98-1.67, P = 0.069).
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis found weak associations between rosacea and Helicobacter pylori infection as well as an effect of Helicobacter pylori therapy on rosacea symptoms, albeit that these did not reach statistical significance. Whether a pathogenic link between the two conditions exists, or whether Helicobacter pylori infection represents a proxy for other factors remains unknown.
Topics: Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Rosacea
PubMed: 28543746
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14352 -
BMC Public Health Aug 2016Brucellosis is a debilitating zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals. A comprehensive, evidence-based assessment of literature and officially available data on... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Brucellosis is a debilitating zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals. A comprehensive, evidence-based assessment of literature and officially available data on animal and human brucellosis for Kenya are missing. The aim of the current review is to provide frequency estimates of brucellosis in humans, animals and risk factors for human infection, and help to understand the current situation in Kenya.
METHODS
A total of accessible 36 national and international publications on brucellosis from 1916 to 2016 were reviewed to estimate the frequency of brucellosis in humans and animals, and strength of associations between potential risk factors and seropositivity in humans in Kenya.
RESULTS
The conducted studies revealed only few and fragmented evidence of the disease spatial and temporal distribution in an epidemiological context. Bacteriological evidence revealed the presence of Brucella (B.) abortus and B. melitensis in cattle and human patients, whilst B. suis was isolated from wild rodents only. Similar evidence for Brucella spp infection in small ruminants and other animal species is unavailable. The early and most recent serological studies revealed that animal brucellosis is widespread in all animal production systems. The animal infection pressure in these systems has remained strong due to mixing of large numbers of animals from different geographical regions, movement of livestock in search of pasture, communal sharing of grazing land, and the concentration of animals around water points. Human cases are more likely seen in groups occupationally or domestically exposed to livestock or practicing risky social-cultural activities such as consumption of raw blood and dairy products, and slaughtering of animals within the homesteads. Many brucellosis patients are misdiagnosed and probably mistreated due to lack of reliable laboratory diagnostic support resulting to adverse health outcomes of the patients and routine disease underreporting. We found no studies of disease incidence estimates or disease control efforts.
CONCLUSION
The risk for re-emergence and transmission of brucellosis is evident as a result of the co-existence of animal husbandry activities and social-cultural activities that promote brucellosis transmission. Well-designed countrywide, evidence-based, and multidisciplinary studies of brucellosis at the human/livestock/wildlife interface are needed. These could help to generate reliable frequency and potential impact estimates, to identify Brucella reservoirs, and to propose control strategies of proven efficacy.
Topics: Animal Husbandry; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Brucella; Brucella abortus; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Cattle; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Humans; Incidence; Kenya; Risk Factors; Zoonoses
PubMed: 27549329
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3532-9 -
Journal of Food Protection Dec 2016Pork is one of the major food sources of human salmonellosis worldwide, while beef products have been implicated in numerous foodborne outbreaks. As a result, effective... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Pork is one of the major food sources of human salmonellosis worldwide, while beef products have been implicated in numerous foodborne outbreaks. As a result, effective interventions to reduce contamination during beef and pork processing are of interest to both regulators and industry. We conducted a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of literature investigating the efficacy of slaughter and processing interventions to control in beef and pork. Review steps included: a comprehensive search strategy; relevance screening of abstracts; relevance confirmation of articles; data extraction; risk-of-bias assessment; meta-analysis (where appropriate); and a weight-of-evidence assessment. A total of 191 relevant experimental studies were identified. Two controlled trials indicated that hot water and steam treatments are effective at reducing the prevalence of on beef carcasses (relative risk [RR] = 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 0.58), while four trials found that pre-chill organic acid washes are effective at reducing on pork carcasses (RR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.78), with high confidence in the estimates of effect. Four quasi-experimental studies found that post-exsanguination chemical washes were effective to reduce the prevalence of on cattle hides, with low confidence in the specific estimate of effect; moderate confidence was found for the effect estimates of scalding (RR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.29) and singeing (RR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.52) of pork carcasses. The overall evidence supported enhanced reductions of through a multiple-hurdle approach. In conclusion, various slaughter and processing interventions can contribute to reducing on beef and pork carcasses, depending on the context of application; an appropriate combination should be selected, validated, and verified by establishment operators within their local conditions.
Topics: Abattoirs; Animals; Cattle; Food Contamination; Humans; Meat; Red Meat; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; Swine
PubMed: 28104927
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-203 -
Food Microbiology Oct 2022Laribacter hongkongensis is a human pathogen harboured in food and environmental matrices. This present study aimed to meta-analysed the prevalence of L. hongkongensis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Laribacter hongkongensis is a human pathogen harboured in food and environmental matrices. This present study aimed to meta-analysed the prevalence of L. hongkongensis in humans, aquatic products, food/non-food animals, and environmental waters to provide update information on the pathogen. Nine electronic databases were systematically searched for articles on L. hongkongensis and a random-effects-model meta-analysis on its prevalence was conducted. Assessment of heterogeneities and publication biases across the studies was determined by using the I statistic and Egger's regression/rank correlation tests of funnel plot, respectively. Furthermore, a meta-regression model was explored to unravel factors influencing the prevalence. A total of 39 documents were identified, of which, 33 articles were included as 98 sub-studies for the meta-analysis, and 87 sub-studies for subgroup-analysis. Overall, the prevalence of L. hongkongesis in human, aquatic products, food/non-food animals, and environmental waters was 8.5% (95% CI: 5.8-11.7). The leave-one-out influence analysis yielded a pooled prevalence of L. hongkongensis ranging from 8.1% (95% CI: 5.4-11.3) - 8.8% (95% CI: 5.8-12.3). Sub-group analysis found that the prevalence of L. hongkongensis was highest in Amphibian (54.6%, 95% CI: 41.3-67.6), followed by Pisces (7.9%, 95% CI: 5.3-10.9), Avian (0.5%, 95% CI: 0-5.8), and Mammal (0.5%, 95% CI: 0-3.6). In addition, Egger's regression-test of funnel plot suggests presence of publication (z = 4.2, p < 0.0001) in mammal subgroup. Multivariate meta-regression showed that the prevalence was significantly influenced by source type, class, and identification/detection method with the source type, class, and detection method specifically accounted for 25.49%, 11.28%, and 3.84% of the heterogeneity, respectively. Conclusively, the prevalence of L. hongkongensis decrease in order of Amphibian (54.6%), Pisces (7.9%), Avian (0.5%) and Mammal (0.5%). Aquatic products and environments are essential sources of the pathogen.
Topics: Animals; Betaproteobacteria; Fishes; Humans; Mammals; Prevalence
PubMed: 35953181
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104089 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Emerging evidence indicates that gut dysbiosis is involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney diseases (DKD). However, the key microbial taxa closely... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Emerging evidence indicates that gut dysbiosis is involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney diseases (DKD). However, the key microbial taxa closely related to DKD have not been determined.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Chinese Biomedical Databases, China National Knowledge Internet, and Embase were searched for case-control or cross-sectional studies comparing the gut microbiota of patients with DKD and healthy controls (HC) from inception to February 8, 2022, and random/fixed-effects meta-analysis on the standardized mean difference (SMD) were performed for alpha diversity indexes between DKD and HC, and beta diversity indexes and the relative abundance of gut microbiota were extracted and summarized qualitatively.
RESULTS
A total of 16 studies (578 patients with DKD and 444 HC) were included. Compared to HC, the bacterial richness of patients with DKD was significantly decreased, and the diversity indexes were decreased but not statistically, companying with a distinct beta diversity. The relative abundance of phylum , , and , family , , and , genus , , , , , , and , and species were enriched while that of phylum , family , genus , , and were depleted in patients with DKD.
CONCLUSIONS
The gut microbiota of patients with DKD may possess specific features characterized by expansion of genus , , and , and depletion of , which may contribute most to the alterations of their corresponding family and phylum taxa, as well as the bacterial diversity and composition. These microbial taxa may be closely related to DKD and serve as promising targets for the management of DKD.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021289863.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Bacteria; Clostridiales; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Escherichia coli; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans
PubMed: 35784273
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908219