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Psychiatry Research Nov 2022Current suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic were studied through systematic review and meta-analysis. We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Current suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic were studied through systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched the following electronic databases using the relevant search terms: Medline, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science, with the search time as of January 31,2022. Forest plots were obtained using Stata statistical software and a random-effects model was used to conduct a meta-analysis of the prevalence of suicidal ideation. We found 21 eligible studies, 11 of which provided suitable data for meta-analysis. 10 studies explored current suicidal ideation and reported a pooled prevalence of 20.4% (95%CI 14.0-26.8). Six studies examined suicide attempts, with a pooled prevalence of 11.4% (95%CI 6.2-16.6). The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts varied by the study method used and by the study sites. This work highlights the need for real-time monitoring of suicidal ideation and suicide in psychiatric patients during the covid-19 pandemic r to inform clinical practice and help identify research questions for future epidemiological studies.
Topics: Humans; Suicide, Attempted; Suicidal Ideation; COVID-19; Pandemics; Prevalence
PubMed: 36113254
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114837 -
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a... Jan 2018Admissions to PICU places pediatric patients at increased risk of persistent psychological and psychiatric morbidity. This systematic review aimed to summarize and...
OBJECTIVE
Admissions to PICU places pediatric patients at increased risk of persistent psychological and psychiatric morbidity. This systematic review aimed to summarize and critically examine literature regarding psychological and psychiatric outcomes of pediatric patients following PICU admission.
DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, PsycInfo, CINAHL, LILACS, and SciELO were searched up to May 2016.
STUDY SELECTION
Cohort studies about psychological and psychiatric outcomes of pediatric patients following PICU admission; full-text records published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2015 were included. Neonatal patient population (age, <1 mo), follow-up after PICU discharge (<3 mo), and nonprimary literature were excluded. Two reviewers independently screened studies based on the predetermined exclusion criteria.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data were extracted using an adapted tool. The internal validity and risk of bias were assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
DATA SYNTHESIS
The search yielded 1,825 studies after the removal of duplications, of which eight met the inclusion criteria. Methodologic quality of the studies ranged from low to high, with an average score of five of nine. Of all the studies, half had a control group. Regarding the length of follow-up, most of the studies ranged from 3 to 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS
Psychological and psychiatric outcomes after pediatric critical illness appear to be substantial issues that need to be further studied. Our review highlights the need for psychological screening of pediatric patients and their parents following PICU admission since these patients are a vulnerable population at risk for developing psychiatric responses.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Critical Illness; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Male; Mental Disorders; Parents
PubMed: 29189670
DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000001390 -
International Journal of Geriatric... Apr 2019Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with neurocognitive and psychiatric comorbidities, and older adults experience comorbid illnesses disproportionately....
OBJECTIVES
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with neurocognitive and psychiatric comorbidities, and older adults experience comorbid illnesses disproportionately. Little is known about the comorbidities of PTSD among older veterans. This systematic review examines the prevalence, incidence, and patterns of neurocognitive and psychiatric comorbidities of PTSD among older veterans and explores the factors associated with these comorbidities.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. The search was limited to peer-reviewed articles published in English from January 1980 to October 2018. Eligible studies examined the comorbid neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders of PTSD among veterans aged 60 and older.
RESULTS
Twenty-four studies met the criteria for inclusion. The risk for dementia was higher in veterans with PTSD than those without PTSD; hazard ratios ranged from 1.21 to 1.77. Depressive disorder was the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidity with estimates ranging from 33% to 52.3%, followed by generalized anxiety disorder (14%-15%) and substance use disorders (1.9%-11.3%). Factors consistently associated with PTSD comorbidities included age, combat-related exposures, clinical conditions, and health-related and psychosocial outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite heterogeneity in research designs and methodological limitations, this review highlights the need to consider comorbid neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders among older veterans with PTSD in order to individualize care approaches. Future research should incorporate factors associated with neurocognitive and psychiatric comorbidities of PTSD into study designs that can help improve prediction of comorbidity and generate evidence for developing and implementing tailored treatments in older veterans.
Topics: Aged; Cognition Disorders; Comorbidity; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Veterans
PubMed: 30588665
DOI: 10.1002/gps.5055 -
International Journal of Mental Health... Apr 2018Evidence on the use of simulation to teach psychiatry and mental health (including addiction) content is emerging, yet no summary of the implementation processes or... (Review)
Review
Evidence on the use of simulation to teach psychiatry and mental health (including addiction) content is emerging, yet no summary of the implementation processes or associated outcomes exists. The aim of this study was to systematically search and review empirical literature on the use of psychiatry-focused simulation in undergraduate nursing education. Objectives were to (i) assess the methodological quality of existing evidence on the use of simulation to teach mental health content to undergraduate nursing students, (ii) describe the operationalization of the simulations, and (iii) summarize the associated quantitative and qualitative outcomes. We conducted online database (MEDLINE, Embase, ERIC, CINAHL, PsycINFO from January 2004 to October 2015) and grey literature searches. Thirty-two simulation studies were identified describing and evaluating six types of simulations (standardized patients, audio simulations, high-fidelity simulators, virtual world, multimodal, and tabletop). Overall, 2724 participants were included in the studies. Studies reflected a limited number of intervention designs, and outcomes were evaluated with qualitative and quantitative methods incorporating a variety of tools. Results indicated that simulation was effective in reducing student anxiety and improving their knowledge, empathy, communication, and confidence. The summarized qualitative findings all supported the benefit of simulation; however, more research is needed to assess the comparative effectiveness of the types of simulations. Recommendations from the findings include the development of guidelines for educators to deliver each simulation component (briefing, active simulation, debriefing). Finally, consensus around appropriate training of facilitators is needed, as is consistent and agreed upon simulation terminology.
Topics: Education, Nursing; Humans; Mental Disorders; Patient Simulation; Psychiatric Nursing
PubMed: 29205739
DOI: 10.1111/inm.12419 -
Neurologia I Neurochirurgia Polska 2022Cannabis and cannabinoids are often considered in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD). The purpose of this paper was to perform a systematic review of the...
Cannabis and cannabinoids are often considered in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD). The purpose of this paper was to perform a systematic review of the available data on cannabis treatment. We aimed to assess randomised trials as well as surveys among patients. We identified 569 papers on PD and cannabinoid treatment. Of these, there were only seven papers featuring randomised trials on the effects of different cannabinoids on PD. The results of these trials did not support the efficacy of cannabinoids in the treatment of motor signs of PD. Based on the available data, we conclude that there is currently insufficient data to support the administration of cannabinoids to PD patients. Larger, randomised studies of cannabis use in PD should be conducted.
Topics: Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Humans; Medical Marijuana; Parkinson Disease
PubMed: 34985112
DOI: 10.5603/PJNNS.a2022.0004 -
Perspectives in Psychiatric Care Jul 2022The object of this systematic review is to examine the stigma status of people with disabilities and their families. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The object of this systematic review is to examine the stigma status of people with disabilities and their families.
DESIGN AND METHODS
The systematic review was prepared based on the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols systematic review guidelines. The review was included thirteen studies.
FINDINGS
In the results of the study, it was revealed that people with disabilities experienced inequality and social exclusion, negative attitudes were observed regarding their appearance, also their families were subjected to stigmatization by the society, could not participate in social environments.
PRACTICE IMPLICATION
To prevent stigmatization, it is recommended that awareness in public be raised by providing community educations.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; Social Environment; Social Isolation; Social Stigma; Stereotyping
PubMed: 34121194
DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12893 -
Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.) May 2011This study systematically examined the empirical literature on the themes and correlates of coercion as defined by the subjective experience of patients in psychiatric... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study systematically examined the empirical literature on the themes and correlates of coercion as defined by the subjective experience of patients in psychiatric care.
METHODS
The study was a systematic review of the literature on coercion as covered in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. From qualitative studies, themes that the authors identified were extracted. From quantitative studies, correlational and outcome data were extracted.
RESULTS
The final analysis included 27 articles. Themes related to perceived coercion were almost all negative. Correlation and outcome data were insufficiently homogeneous to allow meaningful combined statistical analysis. There was no strong quantitative evidence that the experience of coercion is negatively or positively associated with psychopathology or general well-being.
CONCLUSIONS
Coercion was commonly felt by patients as dehumanizing. Compulsory actions likely to increase perceived coercion had mixed correlates, and it was therefore difficult to predict who is at greatest risk of experiencing coercion as a "side effect" of intervention. Clinicians should routinely consider that all patients have the potential to experience an intervention as coercive.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Coercion; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Nursing; Young Adult
PubMed: 21532070
DOI: 10.1176/ps.62.5.pss6205_0465 -
Iranian Journal of Nursing and... 2024Patient handover (handoff in America) is the transfer of information and accountability among nurses assigned to patient care. Introduction, Situation, Background,... (Review)
Review
Implementing the Verbal and Electronic Handover in General and Psychiatric Nursing Using the Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation Framework: A Systematic Review.
BACKGROUND
Patient handover (handoff in America) is the transfer of information and accountability among nurses assigned to patient care. Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation (ISBAR) is currently the most popular framework for framing handovers. However, research shows that incomplete handovers and information transfers among healthcare providers and nurses exist and are responsible for adverse patient events.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The current systematic review aims to view contemporary literature on handover, especially but not exclusively in psychiatric settings, and to extract current conditions from Electronic Patient Records (EPRs) using the ISBAR framework. A total of fifty-five scientific papers were selected to support the scoping review. Eligibility criteria included structured research to analyze outcomes, completed by reviewing policy papers and professional organization guidelines on I/SBAR handovers.
RESULTS
Our systematic review shows that the application of ISBAR increases interprofessional communication skills and confidence and the quality of the transfer of clinical information about patients, resulting in increased patient safety and quality of care.
CONCLUSIONS
Implementing the knowledge and application of structured patient handover will respond to current recommendations for service improvement and quality of care. Furthermore, nurses who use ISBAR also reported its benefits as they feel they can deliver what is required for patient care information in a structured, fast, and efficient way. A further increase in the efficacy of handovers is reported by using EPR.
PubMed: 38333347
DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_24_23 -
Journal of Psychiatric and Mental... Nov 2017WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Psychiatric patients have generally negative experiences of being exposed to coercive measures. Existing research has generally not... (Review)
Review
"Treat me with respect". A systematic review and thematic analysis of psychiatric patients' reported perceptions of the situations associated with the process of coercion.
UNLABELLED
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Psychiatric patients have generally negative experiences of being exposed to coercive measures. Existing research has generally not investigated coercion as a process; that is, it does not address issues that arise before, during and after exposure to coercion. A part of existing research within the area does not clarify and define the type of coercive measure(s) investigated. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Patients place great significance on the link between the positive and negative perceived impact of a coercive situation and the professionals' ability and willingness to interact and communicate respectfully. Psychiatric patients associate the use of seclusion, physical restraint/holding, mechanical restraint and forced medication with strong negative perceptions and wish to be treated with respect by professionals, rather than being subjected to the professionals' control. What patients perceive as moderating factors in regard to the use of coercive measures is currently under-researched. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Increased sensitivity to the patient's views of the situation at each point in the coercive process would help professionals to respond to the patients' individual needs. Professionals need to articulate concern and empathy towards patients and to improve communication skills before, during and after a coercive incident. Greater emphasis should be placed on de-escalation and the use of non-coercive strategies or coping skills before the initiation of coercive measures.
ABSTRACT
Introduction There is a lack of research into psychiatric patients' perceptions of coercion that discriminates between different types of coercive measures, while also investigating patients' perceptions of undergoing coercion as a process. This knowledge is required to improve our understanding and provide a foundation for improving clinical practice. Aims To review existing research literature in order to investigate adult psychiatric patients' reported perceptions of situations before, during and after specific and defined types of coercive measures, and to investigate what patients perceive as moderating factors, in regard to the use of these coercive measures. Method A systematic review and thematic analysis of 26 peer-reviewed studies was undertaken. Results The analysis identified six themes and additional subthemes, where "interactions with professionals" and "communication" were predominant themes across the timeline of coercion. Altogether, themes were associated with either "positive or negative patient-perceived impact." Implications for practice Increased sensitivity to patients' views of the situation at each point in the process is desirable in order to respond to the patients' individual needs. Professionals also need to articulate concern and empathy towards the patient and to improve communication skills before, during and after a coercive incident. Use of de-escalation and noncoercive strategies is required. Relevance statement Coercion within psychiatric/mental health care remains controversial, and repeated international calls have recommended a reduction of their use. This review indicates that greater attention to how patients perceive the use of coercive measures (before, during, and after incidents) needs to be considered in order to improve the evidence-based and clinical practice.
Topics: Coercion; Humans; Inpatients; Mentally Ill Persons; Patient Isolation; Professional-Patient Relations; Restraint, Physical
PubMed: 28665512
DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12410 -
Journal of Advanced Nursing Feb 2022Mental disorders constitute one of the main causes of disease and disability worldwide. While nurses are often at the frontline of mental health care, they have limited... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
Mental disorders constitute one of the main causes of disease and disability worldwide. While nurses are often at the frontline of mental health care, they have limited access to dedicated psychiatric training opportunities. Simulation training may foster the development of the appropriate competencies required when supporting people with mental disorders. To evaluate the effectiveness of simulation training in psychiatry for nursing students, nurses and nurse practitioners.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Eight electronic databases, trial registries, key journals and reference lists of selected studies were searched from inception to August 20, 2020 without language restriction.
REVIEW METHODS
We included randomized and non-randomized controlled studies and single group pre/post studies. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 was used for randomized controlled study appraisal, and the Medical Education Research Study Quality instrument was completed for all other studies. Meta-analysis was restricted to randomized controlled studies. The other studies were synthesized narratively. The main outcomes were based on Kirkpatrick levels.
RESULTS
A total of 118 studies (6738 participants) were found. Interventions included simulated patients (n = 55), role-plays (n = 40), virtual reality (n = 12), manikins (n = 9) and voice simulations (n = 9). Meta-analyses based on 11 randomized controlled studies found a significant large effect size on skills at immediate post-test for simulation compared with active control; and a small and medium effect size on learners' attitudes for simulation compared with inactive control, at immediate post-test and at three-month follow-up respectively. Three quarters of non-randomized controlled studies and pre/post-tests assessing attitudes and skills showed significant differences, and three quarters of participants in randomized controlled studies and pre/post-tests showed significant differences in behaviours. Among the few studies assessing people with mental health outcomes, almost all reported significant differences.
CONCLUSION
These findings support the effectiveness of simulation training in psychiatric nursing throughout professional development grades, despite heterogeneity in methods and simulation interventions.
Topics: Computer Simulation; Humans; Manikins; Nurse Practitioners; Psychiatry; Students, Nursing
PubMed: 34378236
DOI: 10.1111/jan.14986