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International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022According to attachment theory, children's early experiences with their primary caregivers, in terms of protection and security, are the basis for socioemotional... (Review)
Review
According to attachment theory, children's early experiences with their primary caregivers, in terms of protection and security, are the basis for socioemotional development and for the establishment of close relationships throughout their lives. During adolescence, friends and peers become a primary developmental environment, and thereby establishing quality bonds with peers will foster good psychological adjustment. The aim of the present study was to review the evidence on the relation of parental attachment to the quality of peer relationships during adolescence. A systematic review was conducted according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search was performed in the PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) databases. Inclusion criteria were studies published since 2001, in English, that are academic publications in scientific journals, that explore adolescence, and that analyze the relationship between attachment styles and adolescent peer interactions. The search resulted in 1438 studies, of which 19 studies met the criteria and were included in the review. The results highlighted that secure attachment predicts and promotes the creation of affective relationships with peers and friends based on communication, support, intimacy, trust, and quality. In addition, some variables, such as gender differences or family characteristics, were found to be involved in attachment and provide a better understanding.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Child; Communication; Friends; Humans; Peer Group
PubMed: 35162088
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031064 -
Campbell Systematic Reviews Mar 2022Adopted children and children placed in foster care are at increased risk of developing a range of mental health, behavioural, and psychosocial adjustment problems.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Adopted children and children placed in foster care are at increased risk of developing a range of mental health, behavioural, and psychosocial adjustment problems. Previous studies suggest that due to early experiences of separation and loss some children may have difficulties forming a secure attachment relationship with the adoptive/foster parents.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the present review were: (1) to assess the efficacy of attachment-based interventions on measures of favourable parent/child outcomes (attachment security, dyadic interaction, parent/child psychosocial adjustment, behavioural and mental health problems, and placement breakdown) within foster and adoptive families with children aged between 0 and 17 years. (2) to identify factors that appear to be associated with more effective outcomes and factors that modify intervention effectiveness (e.g., age of the child at placement and at intervention start, programme duration, programme focus).
SEARCH METHODS
Relevant studies were identified through electronic searches of bibliographic databases, governmental and grey literature repositories, hand search in specific targeted journals, citation tracking, contact to international experts and Internet search engines. The database searches were carried out to October 2020.
SELECTION CRITERIA
The interventions of interest were parenting interventions aimed at helping the foster/adopted children and their parents to form or sustain a secure attachment relationship. The interventions had to be at least partly informed by attachment theory.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
The total number of potentially relevant studies constituted 17.822 hits after duplicates were removed. A total of 44 studies (27 different populations) met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised by the review authors. Due to critical study quality, missing numeric data and re-use of the same data, only 24 studies analysing 16 different populations could be used in the data synthesis (children, = 1302; parents, = 1344). Meta-analysis using both child and parent outcomes were conducted on each metric separately. All analyses were inverse variance weighted using random effects statistical models. Random effects weighted mean effect sizes were calculated using 95% confidence intervals (CIs). When possible, we conducted moderator analysis using meta-regression and single factor sub group moderator analysis. Sensitivity analysis were conducted across study design and domains of the risk of bias assessment.
MAIN RESULTS
Ten studies analysed the effect of attachment-based interventions on the overall psychosocial adjustment of foster or adopted children as reported by their caregivers post intervention. Measures used include the Child Behaviour Checklist, The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) and Eyberg Child Behaviour Inventory. The random effects weighted standardised mean difference (SMD) favouring the intervention group was 0.37 (95% CI, 0.10-0.65) and statistically significant. Three studies analysed the effects of attachment-based interventions on the observed attachment security of foster and adopted children as measured by independent observation. Measures include the Strange Situation Procedure, Attachment Q-Set, and The Emotional Availability Clinical Screener. The random effects weighted SMD was 0.59 (95% CI, -0.40-1.57) and not statistically significant. Four studies analysed the effect of attachment-based interventions on positive child behaviour post intervention as measured by independent observation of video-taped interaction between the child and caregivers. Measures include Disruptive Behaviour Diagnostic Observation Schedule (DB-DOS) and Emotional Availability Scales). The random effects weighted SMD was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.14-0.64) and statistically significant. Ten studies analysed the effect of attachment-based interventions on positive parenting behaviour post intervention as measured by independent observation of video-taped interaction between the child and caregivers or coding of audio-taped recordings of parental speech. Measures include Adapted Ainsworth Scales for sensitivity and noninterference, Measurement of Empathy in Adult-Child Interaction, The Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System, Reflective functioning scale, and Emotional Availability Scales. The random effects weighted SMD was 1.56 (95% CI, 0.81-2.31) and statistically significant. Nine studies analysed the effect of attachment-based interventions on self-reported post intervention parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index). The random effects weighted SMD was 0.24 (95% CI, 0.03-0.46.) and statistically significant. Three studies analysed the effect of attachment-based interventions on parental post intervention self-reported depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory). The random effects weighted SMD was 0.59 (95% CI, -0.08-1.25.) and not statistically significant. Follow-up analyses were carried out for the outcomes externalising behaviour, positive parenting, and parenting stress, but due to the low number of studies, results should be viewed with caution. Results of the single factor sub group moderator analysis suggest that it cannot be ruled out the effects differ depending on whether the interventions take place in the family home or in a clinical setting. However, it is unclear which location is associated with more positive effects as our findings differ between child and parent outcomes. Results of the sensitivity analysis showed no appreciable changes in the results following the removal of any of the studies in any of the analyses.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Parenting interventions based on attachment theory increase positive parent/child interactional behaviours, decrease parenting stress, and increase the overall psychosocial adjustment of children in foster and adoptive families postintervention. Due to the low number of studies evidence regarding the effects of attachment-based parenting interventions on attachment security and disorganised attachment in foster and adopted children was inconclusive. Theoretically, it is possible that child attachment security and/or attachment disorganisation cannot change within the relatively short period of time that parenting interventions typically last. It is possible that if postintervention improvements in parenting behaviours are sustained over time, it may lead to possible improvement in child attachment security and a decrease in child disorganised attachment. Thus, more longitudinal research is needed. Furthermore, evidence regarding the long-term effects of attachment-based parenting interventions on any outcomes was inconclusive due to too few studies, but findings suggest that attachment-based interventions increase positive parenting behaviour at follow-up points 3-6 months after the intervention. No study included in the present review provided a measure of placement stability or breakdown as an outcome, which could be used in the meta-analysis. This further emphasises the need for future longitudinal research in prevention of placement breakdown.
PubMed: 36913207
DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1209 -
Patient Education and Counseling Sep 2003Self-management and psychological interventions for diabetes have become increasingly common and have shown some positive impact on glycemic control. The association of... (Review)
Review
Self-management and psychological interventions for diabetes have become increasingly common and have shown some positive impact on glycemic control. The association of such interventions with psychosocial outcomes is however, less clear. The current review examines the impact of these interventions on psychosocial outcomes including depression, anxiety, adjustment and quality of life. A systematic search of the literature was performed on Medline, Embase and Psychlit. Reference lists were screened for studies that met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Studies were coded on outcomes both over time and relative to control groups. In addition studies were classified as being principally educational, self-management or psychological in type, and the different components in the intervention were determined. Thirty-six studies were identified. Detrimental effects were not generally seen following any type of intervention. Depression seemed to be particularly improved following psychological interventions, whilst quality of life improved more following self-management interventions. A number of methodological issues, such as the specificity of measure used, characteristics of the population and type of intervention were however, influential in the impact of interventions on outcomes. It is recommended that future studies would benefit from being larger with controlled designs, using diabetes specific measures and providing clearer descriptions of intervention components. This will allow greater understanding of what contexts different interventions are most suited to, and which components are key to, improving psychological well-being and quality of life.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Education as Topic; Psychotherapy; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Self Care
PubMed: 12915275
DOI: 10.1016/s0738-3991(02)00213-6 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Nov 2002To summarise the evidence on the effect of psychological coping styles (including fighting spirit, helplessness/hopelessness, denial, and avoidance) on survival and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To summarise the evidence on the effect of psychological coping styles (including fighting spirit, helplessness/hopelessness, denial, and avoidance) on survival and recurrence in patients with cancer.
DESIGN
Systematic review of published and unpublished prospective observational studies.
MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES
Survival from or recurrence of cancer.
RESULTS
26 studies investigated the association between psychological coping styles and survival from cancer, and 11 studies investigated recurrence. Most of the studies that investigated fighting spirit (10 studies) or helplessness/hopelessness (12 studies) found no significant associations with survival or recurrence. The evidence that other coping styles play an important part was also weak. Positive findings tended to be confined to small or methodologically flawed studies; lack of adjustment for potential confounding variables was common. Positive conclusions seemed to be more commonly reported by smaller studies, indicating potential publication bias.
CONCLUSION
There is little consistent evidence that psychological coping styles play an important part in survival from or recurrence of cancer. People with cancer should not feel pressured into adopting particular coping styles to improve survival or reduce the risk of recurrence.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Anxiety; Avoidance Learning; Cohort Studies; Denial, Psychological; Depression; Emotions; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Publication Bias; Survivors
PubMed: 12424165
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.325.7372.1066 -
Journal of Sex Research Mar 2011The main objective of this article was to conduct a systematic review of the literature examining relationship adjustment and sexual satisfaction among women with... (Review)
Review
The main objective of this article was to conduct a systematic review of the literature examining relationship adjustment and sexual satisfaction among women with provoked vestibulodynia (PVD). Although only a small number of studies have included partners, the literature regarding partner's relationship adjustment and sexual satisfaction was also examined. Relevant articles were identified by a literature search conducted between August 2008 and May 2010. Studies were included if they contained at least one group or subset of participants with PVD or dyspareunia (i.e., painful sexual intercourse), and if they assessed relationship adjustment or sexual satisfaction as a primary outcome measure. Within this review, the methodological quality of 33 studies was systematically rated, and effect sizes were calculated when possible. Methodological type and quality greatly varied across the studies, as did the pain samples included and the outcomes reported. Nevertheless, the results of controlled studies indicate that PVD is associated with decreased sexual satisfaction. The controlled results also suggest, however, that PVD is not necessarily associated with general relationship maladjustment for women and their partners. Future research, using various methodologies, is needed to further understand intimate relationships among women with PVD and the impact that this condition may have on couples.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Female; Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Sexual Behavior; Vulvodynia
PubMed: 21409713
DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2011.555016 -
Journal of Cancer Survivorship :... Mar 2012A diagnosis of cancer is a life-changing event for most people. The trauma and uncertainties of a breast cancer diagnosis can affect survivors' psychological well-being.... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
A diagnosis of cancer is a life-changing event for most people. The trauma and uncertainties of a breast cancer diagnosis can affect survivors' psychological well-being. Religion and/or spirituality can provide a means of support for many women as they live with the realities of a diagnosis of cancer. The purpose of this focused review is to critically analyze and synthesize relationships among psychological well-being, religion, and spirituality among women with breast cancer.
METHODS
MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Cochrane CENTRAL, and PsycINFO databases were searched: January 1985-March 2010. The search terms religi*(religious/religion), spiritu*(spiritual/spirituality), breast cancer, psychological adjustment, psychological outcomes, psychological distress, psychological well-being, and outcomes were searched for separately and in combination.
RESULTS
Eighteen quantitative studies were analyzed in order to examine associations among religion, spirituality, and psychological well-being for women diagnosed with breast cancer. These three variables were operationally defined as follows: (a) religious practice, religious coping, and perception of God; (b) spiritual distress, spiritual reframing, spiritual well-being, and spiritual integration; and (c) combined measure of both the religion and spirituality constructs.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS
Results of this review suggest that within this population, limited relationships exist among religion, spirituality, and psychological well-being. Given the various definitions used for the three variables, the strength and clarity of relationships are not clear. In addition, the time of assessment along the course of the disease varies greatly and in some instances is not reported. Diagnosis and/or prognosis, factors that could influence psychological well-being, are frequently not factored into results. There does, however, appear to be sufficient evidence to include a brief, clinically focused assessment of women diagnosed with breast cancer regarding the importance of a given belief system as they face the diagnosis and treatment of their disease.
IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS
The implications for cancer survivors are as follows: (a) Psychological well-being of women diagnosed with breast cancer may depend to some extent on their belief system. (b) Coping through "turning to God" for women without a significant prior relationship with God, or minimal spiritual behaviors, may experience diminished well-being. (c) Longitudinal studies suggest that struggling with, or questioning, one's belief system in early survivorship may also be associated with lower levels of well-being. This diminished well-being often resolves over time.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Affect; Breast Neoplasms; Culture; Female; Humans; Quality of Life; Religion; Sex Factors; Spirituality; Stress, Psychological; Survivors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 22198806
DOI: 10.1007/s11764-011-0193-7 -
Head & Neck Nov 2022Interventions for head/neck cancer (HNC) survivors may not address their cancer-related and general health needs. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Interventions for head/neck cancer (HNC) survivors may not address their cancer-related and general health needs.
METHODS
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guided this systematic review of studies from 2000 to 2021 of interventions targeting cancer survivors treated with curative-intent, using MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, and PsycINFO. Interventions were categorized into domains of the Quality of Cancer Survivorship Care Framework to characterize the scope and quality of interventions.
RESULTS
We identified 28 studies for inclusion: 13 randomized and 15 non-randomized. Most targeted surveillance/management of physical effects (n = 24) including 13 that also targeted psychosocial effects. Four studies addressed prevention/surveillance for recurrence/new cancers, one addressed health promotion/disease prevention, and one addressed chronic medical conditions. Most studies (n = 27) had medium-high risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
There are few high-quality studies addressing HNC survivorship. Future rigorously designed studies should address broader areas of care, including chronic disease management and health promotion/disease prevention.
Topics: Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Quality of Life; Survivors; Survivorship
PubMed: 35848095
DOI: 10.1002/hed.27142 -
Psycho-oncology Dec 2017Breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and subsequent treatments present significant challenges and distress for both patients and their partners. This can lead to difficulties in... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and subsequent treatments present significant challenges and distress for both patients and their partners. This can lead to difficulties in marital relationships and, consequently, decreases in marital adjustment and psychosocial adaptation to BC for both partners. Our objective was to systematically review studies assessing marital adjustment in the context of female BC to understand which factors are associated with marital adjustment in both patients and partners and characterize the measures used to assess marital adjustment within these studies.
METHODS
This systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. English, peer-reviewed articles exploring factors associated with marital adjustment in the context of female BC were considered for inclusion.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies were included. Results evidenced that psychosocial variables play an important role on marital adjustment. Specifically, open and constructive communication, more social support, and supportive dyadic coping were found to be associated with higher levels of marital adjustment. Other variables such as self-efficacy, sexual functioning, and psychological adjustment were also positively associated with marital adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS
Most studies evidenced an association between psychosocial variables and marital adjustment for both women and their partners. Some important dimensions such as communication patterns, coping strategies, and social support dynamics were identified as potential targets for psychological interventions. Some variables, however, were explored only in a few studies, which limit our conclusions. Future studies should explore the role these variables and other relational and emotional variables play in promoting marital adjustment after BC.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Communication; Emotions; Female; Humans; Male; Marriage; Middle Aged; Self Efficacy; Social Support; Spouses
PubMed: 28342270
DOI: 10.1002/pon.4432 -
Psychological Medicine Sep 2018Sick leave due to common mental disorders (CMDs) increase rapidly and present a major societal challenge. The overall effect of psychological interventions to reduce... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Sick leave due to common mental disorders (CMDs) increase rapidly and present a major societal challenge. The overall effect of psychological interventions to reduce sick leave and symptoms has not been sufficiently investigated and there is a need for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the field. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to calculate the effect size of psychological interventions for CMDs on sick leave and psychiatric symptoms based on all published randomized controlled trials. Methodological quality, the risk of bias and publication bias were also assessed. The literature searches gave 2240 hits and 45 studies were included. The psychological interventions were more effective than care as usual on both reduced sick leave (g = 0.15) and symptoms (g = 0.21). There was no significant difference in effect between work focused interventions, problem-solving therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy or collaborative care. We conclude that psychological interventions are more effective than care as usual to reduce sick leave and symptoms but the effect sizes are small. More research is needed on psychological interventions that evaluate effects on sick leave. Consensual measures of sick leave should be established and quality of psychotherapy for patients on sick leave should be improved.
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Psychotherapy; Return to Work; Sick Leave
PubMed: 29380722
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291718000065 -
Behavior Therapy Sep 2021Dysfunction of interoception (i.e., difficulties sensing the physiological state of one's own body) is increasingly linked to different mental health disorders and...
Dysfunction of interoception (i.e., difficulties sensing the physiological state of one's own body) is increasingly linked to different mental health disorders and suicidal outcomes. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the association between suicidality and interoception, as well as identify potential confounders and mediators of the relationship. We conducted a systematic review of four databases, allowing for critical examination of the role of different measures of interoception (accuracy, sensibility, awareness, cognitive/emotional evaluation) across the suicide continuum (ideation, plans, attempts, deaths). The search strategy identified 22 studies (14,988 participants). Preliminary but limited evidence was found for impaired interoceptive accuracy among those reporting suicide attempt histories. We found evidence of interoceptive sensibility disturbances across the suicide continuum, including experiences of not trusting one's own body sensations and impaired abilities to sustain and control attention to such sensations. Consistent evidence was also reported for disturbances related to cognitive and emotional evaluations of interoceptive sensations. The latter was particularly pronounced for those reporting suicide attempts, relative to those reporting suicidal thinking or planning alone. Overall, this review's results suggest that interoceptive abnormalities are potentially important indicators of risk for suicidal thinking, intentions, and behaviors. However, due to the inconsistent adjustment for variables of interest, and cross-sectional designs, it is unclear whether interoceptive changes and disturbances have a direct role, or whether the association is explained and mediated by key third variables (e.g. depression, disordered eating, emotional dysregulation). We discuss the implications with respect to suicidal risk and therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Interoception; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted
PubMed: 34452660
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2021.02.012