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PloS One 2021Air-rifle and small-bore shooting are fascinating Olympic sports due to their unique performance requirements for accuracy and precision.
BACKGROUND
Air-rifle and small-bore shooting are fascinating Olympic sports due to their unique performance requirements for accuracy and precision.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of our study was to systematically research the literature to determine and summarize performance determinants in both air-rifle and small-bore shooting. Since some athletes participate internationally in both disciplines in competition, the disciplines must have some similarity in the performance structure. Therefore, we further investigated whether performance in air-rifle and small-bore shooting can be explained by the same performance determinants.
METHODS
We systematically searched in four databases using combined keywords relevant to performance in air-rifle and small-bore shooting. The articles included had undergone peer-review and had a) a direct relation to shooting performance, b) an indirect relation by comparing the performance of shooters of different skill levels, and c) a practical relevance (directly controllable through training). After the quality of each article was assessed, the key data were extracted and summarized.
RESULTS
The fourteen articles included achieved an average of 60 ± 14% (range 30-80%) in quality assessment. Altogether, articles covered 268 subjects (32% female), of which 19% were elite- and 28% were national-level athletes. Sixteen performance determinants were investigated, which were divided into anthropometric, technical-coordinative, physiological and psychological categories. Both in air-rifle and small-bore shooting, rifle stability and body sway were found to differ between elite- and national-level athletes. In both disciplines, body sway seemed to have no influence on shot score in elite- and national-level athletes. Similarly, heart rate did not correlate with shot score at nearly all performance levels in both disciplines. In national-level air-rifle athletes, horizontal rifle stability, aiming accuracy and aiming time were found to affect shot score.
CONCLUSIONS
To be competitive at a national-level in air-rifle shooting, a highly developed aiming process is needed to achieve a high shot score. Lack of data prevented us from drawing evidence-based conclusions in elite-level air-rifle athletes and in small-bore shooting. Future research should investigate possible performance determinants both in air-rifle and in small-bore shooting, especially with elite-level athletes, to confirm or disprove existing findings. Further research should use more complex analyses to investigate the multifaceted processes associated with different performance determinants.
Topics: Adult; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Female; Firearms; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Postural Balance; Psychomotor Performance; Sports
PubMed: 33788853
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247353 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2021The basketball jump shot (JS) is consensually considered as a high-complexity specific motor skill, with a complex teaching and learning processes involved. The aim of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The basketball jump shot (JS) is consensually considered as a high-complexity specific motor skill, with a complex teaching and learning processes involved. The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the JS performance among youth basketball players.
METHODS
The data search was made according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus and Sportdiscus databases until March 2021.
RESULTS
The results suggest that JS performance of youth basketball players is influenced by (i) distance to the basket, (ii) fatigue, (iii) presence of a defender and (iv) visual information available.
CONCLUSION
This research emphasizes the crucial need for players and coaches to promote training situations matching the game reality to develop successful shooting performance of youth basketball players.
Topics: Adolescent; Athletic Performance; Basketball; Fatigue; Humans; Motor Skills
PubMed: 33810053
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063283 -
The American Journal of Occupational... 2012This systematic review examines the effectiveness of occupation- and activity-based interventions on community-dwelling older adults' performance of instrumental... (Review)
Review
This systematic review examines the effectiveness of occupation- and activity-based interventions on community-dwelling older adults' performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). It was conducted as part of the American Occupational Therapy Association's Evidence-Based Practice Project. Forty studies met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised and synthesized. Within occupation-based and client-centered interventions, the evidence that multicomponent interventions improve and maintain IADL performance in community-dwelling older adults is strong. The results also indicate that client-centered, occupation-based interventions can be effective in improving and maintaining IADL performance. The evidence is moderate for functional task exercise programs and limited for simulated IADL interventions to improve IADL performance. In the area of performance skills, the evidence related to physical activity and cognitive skills training is mixed, and the evidence that vision rehabilitation interventions improve IADL performance in older adults with low vision is moderate. Implications for practice, education, and research are also discussed.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Occupational Therapy; Program Evaluation; Residential Facilities; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 22549594
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2012.003053 -
PloS One 2017The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of teamwork interventions that were carried out with the purpose of improving teamwork... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of teamwork interventions that were carried out with the purpose of improving teamwork and team performance, using controlled experimental designs. A literature search returned 16,849 unique articles. The meta-analysis was ultimately conducted on 51 articles, comprising 72 (k) unique interventions, 194 effect sizes, and 8439 participants, using a random effects model. Positive and significant medium-sized effects were found for teamwork interventions on both teamwork and team performance. Moderator analyses were also conducted, which generally revealed positive and significant effects with respect to several sample, intervention, and measurement characteristics. Implications for effective teamwork interventions as well as considerations for future research are discussed.
Topics: Cooperative Behavior; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Task Performance and Analysis; Teaching
PubMed: 28085922
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169604 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) May 2014Technology improvements in elite soccer have enabled the performance of individual players and teams to be analysed in extreme detail. The volume and immediate... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Technology improvements in elite soccer have enabled the performance of individual players and teams to be analysed in extreme detail. The volume and immediate availability of this information allows coaches and sports scientists to make more informed decisions about current and future needs, thus increasing the teams' potential to perform. In the last decade, one of the most valuable technologies used in elite soccer is the Computerised video tracking system that quantifies technical and physical performance parameters, although new applications are being developed.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aims to evaluate the pertaining research literature that has specifically used the Amisco and Prozone Computerised video tracking systems to analyse the physical performance of elite players.
DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and Teseo were used for the literature search.
RESULTS
After two selection phases, a total of 38 studies were reviewed, which revealed that the majority of studies were of a high standard with most fulfilling the majority of the quality criteria. A critical appraisal of this literature was conducted to assess issues regarding sample size, positional subsets, variables measured, and possible future applications.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review demonstrates that Computerised video tracking systems are a valuable data collection tool to enable sports scientists to identify the current physical demands placed on players in competition to allow them to apply data to training and testing protocols. Current Computerised tracking systems in elite soccer still provide adequate detail on the physical and technical performances of players but must develop further to compete with the array of additional parameters offered by new technologies such as global or local positioning system technology. However, physical parameters are highly dependent on the role played by technical and tactical factors, and thus improved knowledge of these parameters is needed to allow a more complete understanding of their impact on physical demands.
Topics: Athletic Performance; Computers; Humans; Soccer; Task Performance and Analysis; Video Recording
PubMed: 24510701
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0144-3 -
Journal of Occupational and... Aug 2011Individual work performance is differently conceptualized and operationalized in different disciplines. The aim of the current review was twofold: (1) identifying... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Individual work performance is differently conceptualized and operationalized in different disciplines. The aim of the current review was twofold: (1) identifying conceptual frameworks of individual work performance and (2) integrating these to reach a heuristic conceptual framework.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted in medical, psychological, and management databases. Studies were selected independently by two researchers and included when they presented a conceptual framework of individual work performance.
RESULTS
A total of 17 generic frameworks (applying across occupations) and 18 job-specific frameworks (applying to specific occupations) were identified. Dimensions frequently used to describe individual work performance were task performance, contextual performance, counterproductive work behavior, and adaptive performance.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the literature, a heuristic conceptual framework of individual work performance was proposed. This framework can serve as a theoretical basis for future research and practice.
Topics: Concept Formation; Humans; Task Performance and Analysis; Work Capacity Evaluation
PubMed: 21775896
DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318226a763 -
Clinical Rehabilitation Apr 2024To summarize the effect of dual-task training on cognitive, physical function, and dual-task performance in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The effect of dual-task training on cognitive ability, physical function, and dual-task performance in people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the effect of dual-task training on cognitive, physical function, and dual-task performance in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia.
DATA SOURCES
Embase, PEDro, PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, and a forward search conducted via Web of Science have been searched from inception to July 2023.
REVIEW METHODS
Good-quality randomized controlled trials compared dual-task training with no/placebo intervention or single-task training among people with a primary diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia were included. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of individual studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations system was adopted to appraise the quality of evidence for each outcome.
RESULTS
Eighteen trials (1325 participants) were included, and 17 provided data for meta-analysis. Comparing with no intervention, dual-task training led to significant improvements on attention (mean difference (MD) = -20.66, 95%CI [-39.42, -1.90]), functional mobility (MD = -2.73; 95%CI [-3.98, -1.49]). Compared with single-task training, dual-task training had greater effects on overall cognitive function (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.29, 95%CI [0.09, 0.49]), balance (SMD = 0.78, 95%CI [0.40, 1.15]) and functional mobility (MD = -1.17; 95%CI [-1.77, -0.58]). Its effect on dual-task performance remains inconclusive due to the inconsistent results reported.
CONCLUSION
Low- to moderate-quality evidence supports that dual-task training has beneficial effects on cognitive function and physical function in individuals with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. The optimal training protocol of dual-task training on cognitive and physical functions, and dual-task performance remains uncertain. Well-designed, randomized studies with large enough sample sizes are warranted.
Topics: Humans; Task Performance and Analysis; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cognition; Dementia
PubMed: 38009067
DOI: 10.1177/02692155231216621 -
World Neurosurgery Apr 2018Microneurosurgical techniques involve complex manual skills and hand-eye coordination that require substantial training. Many factors affect microneurosurgical skills.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Microneurosurgical techniques involve complex manual skills and hand-eye coordination that require substantial training. Many factors affect microneurosurgical skills. The goal of this study was to use a systematic evidence-based approach to analyze the quality of evidence for intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence microneurosurgical performance and to make weighted practical recommendations.
METHODS
A literature search of factors that may affect microsurgical performance was conducted using PubMed and Embase. The criteria for inclusion were established in accordance with the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) statement.
RESULTS
Forty-eight studies were included in the analysis. Most of the studies used surgeons as participants. Most used endoscopic surgery simulators to assess skills, and only 12 studies focused on microsurgery. This review provides 18 practical recommendations based on a systematic literature analysis of the following 8 domains: 1) listening to music before and during microsurgery, 2) caffeine consumption, 3) β-blocker use, 4) physical exercise, 5) sleep deprivation, 6) alcohol consumption before performing surgery, 7) duration of the operation, and 8) the ergonomic position of the surgeon.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the clear value of determining the effects of various factors on surgical performance, the available body of literature is limited, and it is not possible to determine standards for each surgical field. These recommendations may be used by neurosurgical trainees and practicing neurosurgeons to improve microsurgical performance and acquisition of microsurgical skills. Randomized studies assessing the factors that influence microsurgical performance are required.
Topics: Adult; Clinical Competence; Female; Humans; Male; Microsurgery; Neurosurgery; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 29325962
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.005 -
Journal of the American Medical... Jun 2016Poor gait performance predicts risk of developing dementia. No structured critical evaluation has been conducted to study this association yet. The aim of this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Poor gait performance predicts risk of developing dementia. No structured critical evaluation has been conducted to study this association yet. The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically examine the association of poor gait performance with incidence of dementia.
METHODS
An English and French Medline search was conducted in June 2015, with no limit of date, using the medical subject headings terms "Gait" OR "Gait Disorders, Neurologic" OR "Gait Apraxia" OR "Gait Ataxia" AND "Dementia" OR "Frontotemporal Dementia" OR "Dementia, Multi-Infarct" OR "Dementia, Vascular" OR "Alzheimer Disease" OR "Lewy Body Disease" OR "Frontotemporal Dementia With Motor Neuron Disease" (Supplementary Concept). Poor gait performance was defined by standardized tests of walking, and dementia was diagnosed according to international consensus criteria. Four etiologies of dementia were identified: any dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and non-AD (ie, pooling VaD, mixed dementias, and other dementias). Fixed effects meta-analyses were performed on the estimates in order to generate summary values.
RESULTS
Of the 796 identified abstracts, 12 (1.5%) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Poor gait performance predicted dementia [pooled hazard ratio (HR) combined with relative risk and odds ratio = 1.53 with P < .001 for any dementia, pooled HR = 1.79 with P < .001 for VaD, HR = 1.89 with P value < .001 for non-AD]. Findings were weaker for predicting AD (HR = 1.03 with P value = .004).
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis provides evidence that poor gait performance predicts dementia. This association depends on the type of dementia; poor gait performance is a stronger predictor of non-AD dementias than AD.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Dementia; Female; Gait; Humans; Male; Predictive Value of Tests; Psychomotor Performance
PubMed: 26852960
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.12.092 -
International Journal of... Apr 2016Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is marked by impairments in social-emotional situations, executive functioning, and behavioral regulation. These symptoms may be related... (Review)
Review
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is marked by impairments in social-emotional situations, executive functioning, and behavioral regulation. These symptoms may be related to deficits in performance monitoring, i.e., the ability to observe and evaluate one's own behavior and performance which is necessary for the regulation of future behavior. The present literature review investigated electroencephalic correlates of performance monitoring in ASD. Event-related potentials (ERPs) considered in this review included internal performance monitoring components (error-related negativity, error positivity), external performance monitoring components (feedback-related negativity, feedback-P3), and observational performance monitoring components (observer error-related negativity, observer feedback-related negativity). The majority of studies point to reduced internal performance monitoring in ASD. External performance monitoring in reward-processing paradigms, where rewards are independent of performance, seems to be intact in ASD. So far, no studies have investigated the observer error-related negativity in ASD. Available data on the observer feedback-related negativity are inconclusive, since only two studies with differential study results investigated this construct in ASD. In general, results suggest that individuals with ASD have problems with internal performance monitoring and with learning from external, abstract feedback. In contrast, the processing of external, concrete feedback seems to be largely intact in ASD.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Databases, Bibliographic; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; Executive Function; Feedback; Humans; Psychomotor Performance
PubMed: 26979761
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.03.006