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Current Eye Research May 2017Many studies have assessed the changes of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), but the results were... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Many studies have assessed the changes of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), but the results were inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the RNFL changes in OSAS measured in vivo.
METHODS
Pertinent studies were identified by a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane library, Scopus, and Chinese biomedical disc databases from inception to August 2016. A fixed effects model was used to pool the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between OSAS group and control group.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies were included in the final analysis, with 12 for descriptive analysis and 5 for meta-analysis, involving a total of 1757 eyes (1106 in the OSAS group and 651 in the control group). The RNFL in OSAS was significantly lower than control group, with pooled WMD -3.53 (95%CI: -4.80 to -2.26, P < 0.001) for average RNFL, -3.69 (95%CI:-5.49 to -1.89 P < 0.001) for superior RNFL, -4.66 (95%CI: -6.92 to -2.39, P < 0.001) for inferior RNFL, -3.15 (95%CI:-5.19 to -1.10, P = 0.003) for nasal RNFL, and -2.45 (95%CI: -4.59 to -0.31, P = 0.025) for temporal RNFL. Along with severities of OSAS, a trend of more profound reduction of average RNFL was observed in advanced OSAS, with WMD of average RNFL thickness -1.75 (95%CI:-4.47 to -0.98, P = 0.209) for mild OSAS, -3.54 (95%CI:-6.33 to -0.73, P = 0.013) for moderate OSAS, and -7.17 (95%CI:-10.00 to -4.34, P < 0.001) for severe OSAS. The majority of studies in the descriptive review demonstrated similar findings.
CONCLUSION
The OSAS was associated with a reduced RNFL in all quadrants compared to controls. Evaluation of RNFL may serve as a tool for grading severities of OSAS. Considering the limited evidence, the conclusions should be interpreted cautiously.
Topics: Disease Progression; Humans; Nerve Fibers; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 27854132
DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1238942 -
PloS One 2022Previous studies proposed possible applications of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measurements in prognosticating pathologies observed in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Previous studies proposed possible applications of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measurements in prognosticating pathologies observed in overweight/obesity, including ocular, vascular, and neurologic consequences. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the changes in the in SD-OCT measurements of the patients with higher body mass index (BMI) compared to normal weight individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. The search results underwent two-phase title/abstract and full-text screenings. We then analyzed SD-OCT measurements differences in patients with high BMI and controls, and performed meta-regression, sub-group analysis, quality assessment, and publication bias assessment. The measurements included macular thickness, cup to disc ratio, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) and its sub-sectors, RNFL and peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL) and their sub-layers, and choroidal thickness and its sub-sectors.
RESULTS
19 studies were included in this meta-analysis accounting for 1813 individuals, 989 cases and 824 controls. There was an overall trend towards decreased thickness in high BMI patients, but only two measurements reached statistical significance: temporal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) (Standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.53 to -0.14, p<0.01) and the choroidal region 1.0 mm nasal to fovea (SMD: -0.38, 95% CI: -0.60 to -0.16, p<0.01).
CONCLUSION
Some ocular layers are thinner in patients with higher BMI than the controls. These SD-OCT measurements might correlate with adverse events related to increased body weight and have prognostic abilities. As SD-OCT is a robust, rapid and non-invasive tool, future guidelines and studies are needed to evaluate the possibility of their integration into care of the patients with obesity.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Nerve Fibers; Obesity; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 35476846
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267495 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Oct 2007Glaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy in which there is an acquired loss of retinal ganglion cells at levels beyond normal age-related loss and corresponding... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Glaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy in which there is an acquired loss of retinal ganglion cells at levels beyond normal age-related loss and corresponding atrophy of the optic nerve. Although there are many existing treatments, glaucoma is a chronic condition. Some patients may seek complementary or alternative medicine such as acupuncture to supplement their regular treatment. The underlying plausibility of acupuncture is that disorders related to the flow of Chi (the traditional Chinese concept translated as vital force or energy) can be prevented or treated by stimulating the relevant points on the body surface.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in people with glaucoma.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, ZETOC, CINAHL, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine Database), TCMLARS (Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System), CBM (Chinese Biological Database), the Chinese Acupuncture Trials Register and the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine web site (http://nccam.nih.gov/) in February 2006. We ran update searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and ZETOC in July 2007. We also handsearched Chinese medical journals at Peking Union Medical College Library in April 2007.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We planned to include randomized and quasi-randomized clinical trials in which one arm of the study involved acupuncture treatment.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two authors independently evaluated the search results against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion.
MAIN RESULTS
We found no randomized clinical trials and subsequently no meta-analysis was conducted. Evidence was limited to a few case series of small sample size.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
At this time, it is impossible to draw reliable conclusions from the available data to support the use of acupuncture for the treatment of glaucoma. Since most glaucoma patients currently cared for by ophthalmologists do not use non-traditional therapy, the clinical practice decisions will have to be based on physician judgement and patients' value given this lack of data in the literature.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Glaucoma; Humans
PubMed: 17943876
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006030.pub2 -
Ophthalmology and Therapy Jun 2022To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on retinal tissues by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on retinal tissues by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature.
BACKGROUND
The novel coronavirus disease is not yet well understood. The orbit provides a window into the body's microvasculature, and as such, it is a non-invasive opportunity to analyse the systemic circulation in vivo. By analysing the current literature, we test the hypothesis that non-invasive imaging of the retina could provide insight into the effect of COVID-19 on the retinal microvasculature.
METHODS
For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we screened PubMed databases and LitCOVID19 using the search criteria: (OCTA or Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography) AND (COVID-19 or corona or SARS-CoV-2) AND (retina or fundus). Databases were searched on 11 January 2022. The primary study outcomes were studies that utilised OCTA to analyse the retina; secondary outcomes involved studies that involved other imaging modalities such as OCT, fundus photography, and fundus autofluorescence.
FINDINGS
The total number of studies included in this review was 32. Optical coherence tomography angiography scans show reduced central retinal vascular density, a thinner ganglion cell layer, a thicker retinal nerve fibre layer, and an enlarged foveal avascular zone. Optical coherence tomography scans demonstrate a thicker central macular thickness and other changes to the macula, ganglion cell, and inner nuclear layers. Many fundus photographs depicted cotton wool spots, microhaemorrhages, and vascular occlusions. Non-invasive imaging technology has demonstrated that COVID-19 can profoundly affect the retina. Therefore, there is a requirement for long-term follow-up of COVID-19 patients to assess whether the retinal damage caused by COVID-19 is reversible.
PubMed: 35488102
DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00509-8 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Feb 2010Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of conditions involving progressive damage to the optic nerve, deterioration of retinal ganglion cells and ultimately visual field... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of conditions involving progressive damage to the optic nerve, deterioration of retinal ganglion cells and ultimately visual field loss. It is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Open angle glaucoma (OAG), the commonest form of glaucoma, is a chronic condition that may or may not present with increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Neuroprotection for glaucoma refers to any intervention intended to prevent optic nerve damage or cell death. The treatment can target extracellular factors such as reducing IOP, or cellular factors derived from the optic nerve itself such as blocking intracellular death signals.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review was to systematically examine the evidence regarding the effectiveness of neuroprotective agents, either topical or oral, for slowing the progression of OAG in adults.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) (The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2009), MEDLINE (January 1960 to January 2010), EMBASE (January 1980 to January 2010), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) (January 1982 to January 2010) and ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov). (5 January 2010). There were no language or date restrictions in the search for trials. The electronic databases were last searched on 5 January 2010.
SELECTION CRITERIA
This review was limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which topical or oral treatments were used to prevent retinal ganglion cell death. Our population of interest was adults with OAG. As the primary outcome for this review was the proportion of participants who developed any progression of visual field loss at five years post intervention, only trials with at least five years of follow-up were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts from the literature searches. Full text copies of relevant or potentially relevant studies were obtained and re-evaluated for inclusion. There were no trials identified for this review, thus we performed no data extraction or meta-analysis. Two studies comparing memantine to placebo are currently awaiting classification until additional study details are provided. Reasons for excluding studies from the review were documented.
MAIN RESULTS
In accordance with the selection criteria for inclusion, we identified no studies relevant for this review. The results of short-term trials and other studies are discussed in this review.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Although neuroprotective agents are intended to act as pharmacological antagonists to prevent cell death, the evidence that they are effective in preventing retinal ganglion cell death, and thus preserving vision in patients with OAG, has not been demonstrated. Long-term RCTs are needed to determine whether or not neuroprotective agents may be beneficial for individuals with OAG.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adult; Cell Death; Disease Progression; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Optic Nerve; Optic Nerve Diseases; Retinal Ganglion Cells
PubMed: 20166085
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006539.pub2 -
Aging and Disease Mar 2024Although researched extensively the understanding regarding mechanisms underlying glaucoma pathogenesis remains limited. Further, the exact mechanism behind neuronal... (Review)
Review
Although researched extensively the understanding regarding mechanisms underlying glaucoma pathogenesis remains limited. Further, the exact mechanism behind neuronal death remains elusive. The role of neuroinflammation in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death has been prominently theorised. This review provides a comprehensive summary of neuroinflammatory responses in glaucoma. A systematic search of Medline and Embase for articles published up to 8th March 2023 yielded 32 studies using post-mortem tissues from glaucoma patients. The raw data were extracted from tables and text to calculate the standardized mean differences (SMDs). These studies utilized post-mortem tissues from glaucoma patients, totalling 490 samples, compared with 380 control samples. Among the included studies, 27 reported glial cell activation based on changes to cellular morphology and molecular staining. Molecular changes were predominantly attributed to astrocytes (62.5%) and microglia (15.6%), with some involvement of Muller cells. These glial cell changes included amoeboid microglial cells with increased CD45 or HLA-DR intensity and hypertrophied astrocytes with increased glial fibrillary acidic protein labelling. Further, changes to extracellular matrix proteins like collagen, galectin, and tenascin-C suggested glial cells' influence on structural changes in the optic nerve head. The activation of DAMPs-driven immune response and the classical complement cascade was reported and found to be associated with activated glial cells in glaucomatous tissue. Increased pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were also linked to glial cells. Glial cell activation was also associated with mitochondrial, vascular, metabolic and antioxidant component disruptions. Association of the activated glial cells with pro-inflammatory responses, dysregulation of homeostatic components and antigen presentation indicates that glial cell responses influence glaucoma progression. However, the exact mechanism triggering these responses and underlying interactions remains unexplored. This necessitates further research using human samples for an increased understanding of the precise role of neuroinflammation in glaucoma progression.
PubMed: 38502591
DOI: 10.14336/AD.2024.0103 -
Cureus Dec 2023Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of global visual impairment, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its vascular and neural components for effective... (Review)
Review
A Systematic Review of the Neuroprotective Effects of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema: Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of global visual impairment, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its vascular and neural components for effective therapeutic interventions. While vascular pathology is well-established, recent evidence suggests a neurodegenerative role in DR. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), traditionally implicated in angiogenesis, has emerged as a key player with neuroprotective potential. This systematic review evaluates the literature to shed light on molecular mechanisms and clinical implications in this regard. The review adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, encompassing a thorough search strategy across multiple databases. Three in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria, highlighting the limited research in this evolving field. Findings suggest VEGF's neuroprotective effects on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and retinal neurons, unveiling potential therapeutic avenues. However, concerns arise regarding anti-VEGF therapies' impact on RGC survival. The review discusses the need for further research to delineate specific isoforms and signaling pathways responsible for VEGF-mediated neuroprotection. The delicate balance between angiogenesis and neuroprotection poses challenges in therapeutic development, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions. Despite limitations, this review provides valuable insights into the intricate relationship between VEGF and neuroprotection in DR, paving the way for future investigations and redefining therapeutic strategies.
PubMed: 38288195
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51351 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Feb 2016Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell death resulting in damage to the optic nerve head and the retinal nerve fiber layer.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell death resulting in damage to the optic nerve head and the retinal nerve fiber layer. Pigment dispersion syndrome is characterized by a structural disturbance in the iris pigment epithelium (the densely pigmented posterior surface of the iris) that leads to dispersion of the pigment and its deposition on various structures within the eye. Pigmentary glaucoma is a specific form of open-angle glaucoma found in patients with pigment dispersion syndrome.Topcial medical therapy is usually the first-line treatment; however, peripheral laser iridotomy has been proposed as an alternate treatment. Peripheral laser iridotomy involves creating an opening in the iris tissue to allow drainage of fluid from the posterior chamber to the anterior chamber and vice versa. Equalizing the pressure within the eye may help to alleviate the friction that leads to pigment dispersion and prevent visual field deterioration. However, the effectiveness of peripheral laser iridotomy in reducing the development or progression of pigmentary glaucoma is unknown.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review was to assess the effects of peripheral laser iridotomy compared with other interventions, including medication, trabeculoplasty, and trabeculectomy, or no treatment, for pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched a number of electronic databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE and clinical trials websites such as (mRCT) and ClinicalTrials.gov. We last searched the electronic databases on 2 November 2015.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that had compared peripheral laser iridotomy versus no treatment or other treatments for pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard methodological procedures for systematic reviews. Two review authors independently screened articles for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed included trials for risk of bias. We did not perform a meta-analysis because of variability in reporting and follow-up intervals for primary and secondary outcomes of interest.
MAIN RESULTS
We included five RCTs (260 eyes of 195 participants) comparing yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser iridotomy versus no laser iridotomy. Three trials included participants with pigmentary glaucoma at baseline, and two trials enrolled participants with pigment dispersion syndrome. Only two trials reported the country of enrollment: one - Italy, the other - United Kingdom. Overall, we assessed trials as having high or unclear risk of bias owing to incomplete or missing data and selective outcome reporting.Data on visual fields were available for one of three trials that included participants with pigmentary glaucoma at baseline. At an average follow-up of 28 months, the risk of progression of visual field damage was uncertain when comparing laser iridotomy with no iridotomy (risk ratio (RR) 1.00, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.16 to 6.25; 32 eyes; very low-quality evidence). The two trials that enrolled participants with pigment dispersion syndrome at baseline reported the proportion of participants with onset of glaucomatous visual field changes during the study period. At three-year follow-up, one trial reported that the risk ratio for conversion to glaucoma was 2.72 (95% CI 0.76 to 9.68; 42 eyes; very low-quality evidence). At 10-year follow-up, the other trial reported that no eye showed visual field progression.One trial reported the mean change in intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with pigmentary glaucoma: At an average of nine months of follow-up, the mean difference in IOP between groups was 2.69 mmHg less in the laser iridotomy group than in the control group (95% CI -6.05 to 0.67; 14 eyes; very low-quality evidence). This trial also reported the mean change in anterior chamber depth at an average of nine months of follow-up and reported no meaningful differences between groups (mean difference 0.04 mm, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.15; 14 eyes; very low-quality evidence). No other trial reported mean change in anterior chamber depth. Two trials reported greater flattening of iris configuration in the laser iridotomy group than in the control group among eyes with pigmentary glaucoma; however, investigators provided insufficient data for analysis. No trial reported data related to mean visual acuity, aqueous melanin granules, costs, or quality of life outcomes.Two trials assessed the need for additional treatment for control of IOP. One trial that enrolled participants with pigmentary glaucoma reported that more eyes in the laser iridotomy group required additional treatment between six and 23 months of follow-up than eyes in the control group (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.75; 46 eyes); however, the other trial enrolled participants with pigment dispersion syndrome and indicated that the difference between groups at three-year follow-up was uncertain (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.38 to 2.17; 105 eyes). We graded the certainty of evidence for this outcome as very low.Two trials reported that no serious adverse events were observed in either group among eyes with pigment dispersion syndrome. Mild adverse events included postoperative inflammation; two participants required cataract surgery (at 18 and 34 months after baseline), and two participants required a repeat iridotomy.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
We found insufficient evidence of high quality on the effectiveness of peripheral iridotomy for pigmentary glaucoma or pigment dispersion syndrome. Although adverse events associated with peripheral iridotomy may be minimal, the long-term effects on visual function and other patient-important outcomes have not been established. Future research on this topic should focus on outcomes that are important to patients and the optimal timing of treatment in the disease process (eg, pigment dispersion syndrome with normal IOP, pigment dispersion syndrome with established ocular hypertension, pigmentary glaucoma).
Topics: Aluminum; Antihypertensive Agents; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Iris; Laser Therapy; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Visual Acuity; Yttrium
PubMed: 26871761
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005655.pub2 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2022Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disease. The optic nerve, as a window into the central nervous system (CNS), is known to be an important...
BACKGROUND
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disease. The optic nerve, as a window into the central nervous system (CNS), is known to be an important part of the CNS and can be detected non-invasively. With the widespread availability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices, an increasing number of studies have paid attention to the neuropathological disorders in the retina of PD patients in recent years. However, it is still controversial whether OCT can be used as a complementary tool for PD diagnosis.
METHODS
This review is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42022301258. The Embase, PUBMED, and The Cochrane Library databases were independently retrieved by 2 investigators to identify relevant papers published from 1 January 2017 to 24 January 2022. These studies used OCT or OCTA to evaluate the difference in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell layer(GCL) thickness, macula thickness, Cup and disk area superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP), and deep retinal capillary plexus(DCP). The standard mean difference (SMD) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) was pooled for continuous outcomes.
RESULTS
In total, 26 studies had been enrolled in this meta-analysis with a total number of 2,790 eyes, including 1,343 eyes from the PD group along with 1,447 eyes from the HC group. The results revealed that the RNFL thickness (SMD: -0.53; 95%CI, -0.71∼-0.35; < 0.00001), GCL thickness (SMD: -0.43; 95%CI, -0.66 to -0.19; = 0.0003), macula thickness (SMD: -0.22; 95%CI, -0.22 to -0.11; < 0.0001) were significantly thinner in patients with PD. The SCP (SMD: -0.61; 95%CI, -1.31to -0.10; = 0.02) was significantly lower in PD patients. The DCP (SMD: -0.48; 95%CI, -1.02 to -0.06; = 0.08) is lower in PD patients, but the difference was statistically insignificant.
CONCLUSION
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, GCL thickness, macular thickness, and SVD of PD patients are lower than those of healthy control. OCT and OCTA could detect morphological retinal changes in PD and might be objective and reproducible auxiliary tools to assist clinician diagnosis.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42022301258].
PubMed: 36186761
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.957700 -
EClinicalMedicine Apr 2022Statins, the first-line therapy for hyperlipidemia, have received considerable attention as candidates for glaucoma treatments given its neuroprotective effects. In this...
BACKGROUND
Statins, the first-line therapy for hyperlipidemia, have received considerable attention as candidates for glaucoma treatments given its neuroprotective effects. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we intended to assess the association of statin use with the onset and progression of open-angle glaucoma (OAG).
METHODS
Databases including PubMed, Embase and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for longitudinal studies reporting the association between statin use and OAG onset or progression on Feb 3, 2021. A meta-analysis was performed for the association between statin use and OAG onset. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidential intervals (CIs) were retrieved from included studies and pooled using random-effects models. Potential risks of bias were evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for all eligible studies. This study had been registered on PROSPERO (CRD 42021232172).
FINDINGS
515,788 participants (mean age 68.7 years, 62.3% female) from ten studies were included in the systematic review of the association between statin use and OAG onset, and 26,347 OAG patients (mean age 67.3 years, 52.2% female) from seven studies were included for the association between statin use and OAG progression. Potential risks of bias were detected in 12 studies, which were mainly attributed to selection and confounding bias. In addition, 515,600 participants from eight studies were included in the meta-analysis which collectively showed that statin use was associated with a reduced risk of OAG onset (Pooled RR: 0.95; 95%CI: 0.93-0.98; I=0.199;). No significant heterogeneity or publication bias was found for studies included in the meta-analysis. There were inconsistent evidences for the association between statin use and OAG progression.
INTERPRETATION
Statin use is associated with a slightly lower risk of OAG onset based on existing evidences from longitudinal observational studies, the association between statin use and OAG progression remains inconclusive. The included evidences were typically weak due to poor study design and under-powered studies. Current findings should be interpreted cautiously and still need to be validated in further research.
FUNDING
The National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC0116500), Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2013B20400003), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019TQ0365), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82000901 and 82101171).
PubMed: 35399812
DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101364