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Substance Use & Misuse 2022ContextBiospecimen analysis may enhance confidence in the accuracy of self-reported substance use among adolescents and transitional age youth (TAY). Associations...
ContextBiospecimen analysis may enhance confidence in the accuracy of self-reported substance use among adolescents and transitional age youth (TAY). Associations between biospecimen types and self-reported use, however, are poorly characterized in the existing literature. We performed a systematic review of associations between biospecimen-confirmed and self-reported substance use. Data sources: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We included studies documenting associations between self-reported and biospecimen-confirmed substance use among adolescents (12-18 years) and TAY (19-26 years) published 1990-2020. Three authors extracted relevant data using a template and assessed bias risk using a modified JBI Critical Appraisal Tool. We screened 1523 titles and abstracts, evaluated 73 full texts for eligibility, and included 28 studies. Most studies examined urine (71.4%) and hair (32.1%) samples. Self-report retrospective recall period varied from past 24 h to lifetime use. Agreement between self-report and biospecimen results were low to moderate and were higher with rapidly metabolized substances (e.g., amphetamines) and when shorter retrospective recall periods were applied. Frequently encountered sources of potential bias included use of non-validated self-report measures and failure to account for confounding factors in the association between self-reported and biospecimen-confirmed use. Study heterogeneity prevented a quantitative meta-analysis. Studies varied in retrospective recall periods, biospecimen processing, and use of validated self-report measures. Associations between self-reported and biospecimen-confirmed substance use are low to moderate and are higher for shorter recall periods and for substances with rapid metabolism. Future studies should employ validated self-report measures and include demographically diverse samples.
Topics: Adolescent; Bias; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Self Report; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 35006043
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2019783 -
Clinical Psychology Review Feb 2020Self-criticism involves constant and harsh self-scrutiny, overly critical evaluations of one's own behavior, and negative reactions to perceived failures in terms of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Self-criticism involves constant and harsh self-scrutiny, overly critical evaluations of one's own behavior, and negative reactions to perceived failures in terms of active self-bashing. Self-criticism is associated with various mental disorders and psychotherapy outcome. This paper provides (1) a meta-analysis of the association between pre-treatment self-criticism and multiple treatment outcomes, and (2) a systematic review of the association between change in self-criticism and therapy outcome. Based on a systematic literature search, 49 longitudinal studies (56 independent effect sizes; 3277 patients) were included in the meta-analysis and 7 studies were identified for the additional systematic review. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to assess the magnitude of the association between self-criticism and outcome, also considering potential moderators. The overall association between pre-treatment self-criticism and psychotherapy outcome was r = -.20 (95% CI = -.25 - -.16, p < .0001), suggesting that higher levels of self-criticism are related to poorer outcome. Although effect sizes showed little heterogeneity, the association varied by type of mental health problem and indicated stronger associations with certain disorders (e.g., eating disorders). The review based on change scores yielded inconsistent results. Our findings support the relevance of self-criticism for psychotherapy outcome.
Topics: Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Mental Disorders; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Perfectionism; Psychotherapy; Self-Assessment
PubMed: 31864153
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101808 -
Disability and Rehabilitation 2011The purpose of this review is to examine (1) the influence of self-efficacy on rehabilitation outcomes post-stroke, and (2) the evidence to support self-management... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of this review is to examine (1) the influence of self-efficacy on rehabilitation outcomes post-stroke, and (2) the evidence to support self-management interventions based on self-efficacy principals for stroke survivors.
METHOD
Medline, Embase, Psychlit, Web of Science, AMED and Cochrane Databases for systematic reviews databases were searched for relevant articles in English between 2000 and ending in July 2009. Articles included (1) primary research testing relationships between self-efficacy and rehabilitation outcomes including the measuring impairment and activity or participation in a stroke population, and (2) research testing efficacy and effectiveness of self-management interventions designed specifically for a stoke population in which the principle theoretical framework is self-efficacy or a similar control cognition. Methodological quality appraisal and data extraction was carried out by two reviewers.
RESULTS
Of the 104 articles that were identified by the search, 22 met the criteria to be included in the review. There is evidence that self-efficacy is an important variable associated with various outcomes post-stroke. These outcomes include quality of life or perceived health status, depression, ADL and, to a certain extent, physical functioning. Further empirical evidence is needed to extend these findings, and to determine whether self-efficacy has additional predictive value over and beyond the objective measures of impairment. There is also emerging evidence of benefits to be gained from programmes that target self-management based on self-efficacy principles; however, the optimal format of delivering these interventions for stroke survivors is not clear.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a need for researchers, to work together with other stakeholders to develop and test interventions that can support self-management skills and confidence to make continued progress after stroke. This could help to reduce some of the negative consequences of stroke such as reduced quality of life and social isolation.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Health Services Research; Humans; Self Care; Self Efficacy; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 20795919
DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2010.511415 -
BMC Family Practice Feb 2021The successful management of hypertension requires sustained engagement in self-care behaviour such as adhering to medication regimens and diet. Bandura's Social...
BACKGROUND
The successful management of hypertension requires sustained engagement in self-care behaviour such as adhering to medication regimens and diet. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory suggests that self-efficacy is a major determinant of engagement in self-care behaviour. Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviours necessary to produce specific performance attainments. This systematic review of observational studies aims to summarise and evaluate the quality of evidence available to support the association between self-efficacy and engagement in self-care behaviour in hypertension.
METHODS
Searches were performed of the Pubmed, MEDLINE, CINAHL and OpenSIGLE databases from database inception to January 2020. Reference lists and individual journals were also hand searched. Observational studies in English quantifying self-efficacy and self-care behaviour in hypertensive adults were included. The quality of included articles was assessed with the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool for observational studies.
RESULTS
The literature search identified 102 studies, of which 22 met the inclusion criteria for full-text review. There were 21 studies which reported that higher self-efficacy was associated with engagement in self-care behaviours including medication adherence (n = 9), physical activity (n = 2) and dietary changes (n = 1). Of these, 12 studies were rated as 'good' on the quality assessment tool and 10 were 'fair'. A common limitation in these studies was a lack of objectivity due to their reliance on self-reporting of engagement in self-care behaviour.
CONCLUSION
Our review suggests an association between self-efficacy and self-care. However, the evidence supporting this association is of low to medium quality and is limited by heterogeneity. Our findings suggest the need for further well-designed interventional studies to investigate this association.
Topics: Adult; Essential Hypertension; Humans; Medication Adherence; Observational Studies as Topic; Self Care; Self Efficacy; Text Messaging
PubMed: 33618661
DOI: 10.1186/s12875-021-01391-2 -
Journal of Hospice and Palliative... Apr 2021Those involved with hospice and palliative care, including nurses, will inevitably experience or be exposed to suffering. Self-compassion represents a personal resource...
Those involved with hospice and palliative care, including nurses, will inevitably experience or be exposed to suffering. Self-compassion represents a personal resource and support for self-care, ensuring that needs are not neglected particularly during times of suffering. However, the empirical evidence for self-compassion in hospice and palliative care is yet to be reviewed systematically. To synthesize the evidence on self-compassion in hospice and palliative care patients, their relatives, and health care professionals, we conducted a systematic integrative review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. For patients, self-compassion was associated with reduced stress, anxiety, shame, depressive symptoms, fear of cancer recurrence, and loneliness. It was also associated with increased social capital, self-soothing, mindfulness, compassion, causal reasoning ability, psychosocial and spiritual well-being, legacy, courage, and commitment. For health care professionals, self-compassion was associated with increased capacity for self-care, mindfulness, and professional quality of life and a decrease in perceived burnout risk and secondary traumatic stress. No studies were found to involve patients' relatives. Self-compassion seems to be an important resource in hospice and palliative care. It supports self-care and alleviates suffering by improving the social, psychosocial, and spiritual well-being of patients and health care professionals, including hospice and palliative care nurses. Future research should include care patients' relatives.
Topics: Empathy; Hospice Care; Hospices; Humans; Palliative Care; Quality of Life
PubMed: 33633095
DOI: 10.1097/NJH.0000000000000727 -
Comprehensive Psychiatry Oct 2013Self-esteem is frequently targeted in psychological approaches to persecutory delusions (PD). However, its precise role in the formation and maintenance of PD is unclear... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Self-esteem is frequently targeted in psychological approaches to persecutory delusions (PD). However, its precise role in the formation and maintenance of PD is unclear and has been subject to a number of theories: It has been hypothesized that PD function to enhance self-esteem, that they directly reflect negative conceptualizations of the self, that self-esteem follows from the perceived deservedness of the persecution (poor-me versus bad-me-paranoia) and that the temporal instability of self-esteem is relevant to PD. In order to increase our understanding of the relevance of self-esteem to PD, this article systematically reviews the existing research on self-esteem in PD in the light of the existing theories.
METHODS
We performed a literature search on studies that investigated self-esteem in PD. We included studies that either investigated self-esteem a) within patients with PD or compared to controls or b) along the continuum of subclinical paranoia in the general population. We used a broad concept of self-esteem and included paradigms that assessed implicit self-esteem, specific self-schemas and dynamic aspects of self-esteem.
RESULTS
The literature search identified 317 studies of which 52 met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies consistently found low global explicit self-esteem and negative self-schemas in persons with PD. The studies therefore do not support the theory that PD serve to enhance self-esteem but underline the theory that they directly reflect specific negative self-schemas. There is evidence that low self-esteem is associated with higher perceived deservedness of the persecution and that PD are associated with instable self-esteem. Only few studies investigated implicit self-esteem and the results of these studies were inconsistent.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude by proposing an explanatory model of how self-esteem and PD interact from which we derive clinical implications.
Topics: Delusions; Humans; Models, Psychological; Paranoid Disorders; Self Concept
PubMed: 23684547
DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.002 -
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and... Sep 2022To synthesize the literature to identify self-report measures used to assess maternal self-efficacy (MSE) among mothers of infants 0 to 1 year of age. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To synthesize the literature to identify self-report measures used to assess maternal self-efficacy (MSE) among mothers of infants 0 to 1 year of age.
DATA SOURCES
OVID (MEDLINE), CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Google Scholar.
STUDY SELECTION
We searched for research articles that included self-report measurement of MSE and were published from January 2000 to September 2021. We selected this time frame to focus on a contemporary context and to build on an earlier systematic review of self-report measures of self-efficacy in parents that captured a subset of MSE measures across a broader time period (1970-2016).
DATA EXTRACTION
We extracted measures of MSE with descriptive details, including level of self-efficacy assessed (e.g., global, domain-specific, task-specific), concept(s) assessed, reliability, eligible age ranges, instrument origins, development, use, and translations.
DATA SYNTHESIS
In many studies of MSE, researchers used measures not specifically designed for self-efficacy and instead used measures for closely related concepts such as confidence or competence. We identified only four measures that were used to assess MSE among mothers of infants. Among these, we found variation in the level of self-efficacy being measured and the intended age range. Importantly, we also found that measures of MSE were primarily validated for use within Western and/or English-speaking cultures/countries.
CONCLUSION
We identified four instruments to measure MSE in mothers of infants, and each has strengths and weaknesses. Future researchers should focus on clear conceptual and operational alignment between MSE and its measurement; the development of an English, task-specific MSE measure; and further development and testing of measures of MSE outside of Western and/or English-speaking cultures/countries.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Mothers; Reproducibility of Results; Self Efficacy; Self Report
PubMed: 35724766
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2022.05.003 -
Journal of Advanced Nursing Sep 2011To provide an overview of the literature focusing on the influence of self-efficacy and self-efficacy enhancing interventions on mobility, activities of daily living,... (Review)
Review
AIMS
To provide an overview of the literature focusing on the influence of self-efficacy and self-efficacy enhancing interventions on mobility, activities of daily living, depression and quality of life of patients with stroke.
BACKGROUND
There is growing evidence for the importance of self-efficacy in the care of people with enduring illness. Therefore, it is important to describe the association of self-efficacy and patient outcomes and the evidence for the effects of self-efficacy interventions for stroke patients.
DATA SOURCES
Studies were retrieved from a systematic search of published studies over the period of 1996-2009, indexed in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, Psychinfo and Embase and focusing on stroke, the influence of self-efficacy and self-efficacy enhancing interventions.
METHODS
A systematic review was carried out. Studies were critically appraised and important characteristics and outcomes were extracted and summarized.
RESULTS
Seventeen articles were included in the review. Self-efficacy was positively associated with mobility, activities of daily living and quality of life and negatively associated with depression. Four self-efficacy interventions were identified. The evidence for the effects of these interventions was inconclusive.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with high self-efficacy are functioning better in daily activities than patients with low self-efficacy. The evidence concerning the determinants influencing self-efficacy and the self-efficacy interventions makes clear how nurses can develop and tailor self-efficacy interventions for the clinical practice of people with stroke. Therefore, it is necessary to further emphasize the role of self-efficacy in the care for stroke patients in the nursing curriculum.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Depression; Humans; Nurse's Role; Nursing Research; Quality of Life; Rehabilitation Nursing; Research Design; Self Efficacy; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 21645040
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05659.x -
Journal of Intellectual Disability... Jun 2023In the general population, low self-esteem has been linked with poorer mental and physical health. This systematic literature review aimed to summarise and evaluate the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In the general population, low self-esteem has been linked with poorer mental and physical health. This systematic literature review aimed to summarise and evaluate the findings of studies that examined self-esteem in adults with intellectual disabilities and links with mental health outcomes.
METHOD
A systematic search of PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL was conducted to identify studies published between 1990 and 2021. The studies were appraised using the QualSyst tool.
RESULTS
Twenty-six articles were identified of which two studies were removed from the review due to low quality. Studies reported mixed evidence regarding levels of self-esteem compared with the general population. Engagement in activities appeared to be linked with positive self-esteem, and perception of negative interpersonal life events as having a negative impact was associated with lower self-esteem. There was evidence of co-occurrence of low self-esteem and depression, but no studies examined the relationship between self-esteem and anxiety.
CONCLUSION
Reviewed studies provided mixed evidence on levels of self-esteem in this population, suggesting that factors such as engagement in life were related to higher self-esteem and demonstrating the co-occurrence of low self-esteem and depression. However, clear causal links have yet to be identified, and more research is needed using longitudinal designs to answer questions about trajectory.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Depression; Intellectual Disability; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Self Concept
PubMed: 36855028
DOI: 10.1111/jir.13025 -
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy May 2020Self-compassion has emerged as an important construct in the mental health literature. Although conceptual links between self-compassion and trauma are apparent, a...
Self-compassion has emerged as an important construct in the mental health literature. Although conceptual links between self-compassion and trauma are apparent, a review has not been completed to examine whether this association is supported by empirical research findings. To systematically summarize knowledge on the association between trauma and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self-compassion. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed, Ovid Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and PILOTS databases, and papers reporting a direct analysis on the relationship between these constructs were identified. The search yielded 35 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Despite considerable heterogeneity in study design, sample, measurement, and trauma type, there was consistent evidence to suggest that increased self-compassion is associated with less PTSD symptomatology and some evidence to suggest that reduced fear of self-compassion is associated with less PTSD symptomatology. There was tentative evidence to suggest that interventions based, in part or whole, on a self-compassion model potentially reduce PTSD symptoms. Although findings are positive for the association between increased self-compassion and reduced PTSD symptoms, the precise mechanism of these protective effects is unknown. Prospective and longitudinal studies would be beneficial in clarifying this. The review also highlighted the variability in what is and should be referred to as trauma exposure, indicating the need for further research to clarify the concept.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Diagnosis, Differential; Emotional Regulation; Empathy; Fear; Humans; Life Change Events; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Psychotherapy; Self Concept; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 31986553
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2429