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JMIR Human Factors Jun 2022Self-care behaviors are essential for people living with chronic conditions; however, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has imposed additional complications on their... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Self-care behaviors are essential for people living with chronic conditions; however, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has imposed additional complications on their daily routines. Few studies have analyzed how self-care behaviors have changed during COVID-19 and the role of digital technology, especially among people with chronic conditions.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to review how self-care behaviors have changed for people with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic, and what technology they have adopted to manage their conditions during that period.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted using narrative synthesis. Data were extracted from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, including articles from December 2019 onward. Eligible studies focused on adults diagnosed with chronic conditions undertaking any self-care tasks in line with the middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness (ie, self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management). The methodological quality of the included articles was assessed with the McMaster Critical Review Forms for Quantitative or Qualitative Studies.
RESULTS
In total, 36 primary research articles were included. Changes to self-care behaviors during COVID-19 among people with chronic conditions were organized according to the middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness focusing on self-care maintenance (ie, medication adherence, physical activity, and diet control), self-care monitoring (ie, monitoring signs and symptoms), and self-care management (ie, consultations with health care providers). Positive self-care behaviors observed include the following: individuals trying to maintain good glycemic control during COVID-19 increased their medication adherence in 27% (10/36) of studies; and diet control improved in 50% (18/36) of studies. Negative self-care behaviors observed include the following: decline in physical activities and increased sedentariness were observed in 65% (23/36) of studies; poor diet control was observed in 57% (21/36) of studies; and self-monitoring of health status dropped in 43% (15/36) of studies. The use of technology to support self-care of chronic conditions during COVID-19 was reported in 72% (26/36) of studies. The actual use of telehealth in place of physical consultations during COVID-19 was observed in 50% (18/36) of studies, and other digital technologies (eg, social media apps, smartphone apps, web-based platforms, and web browsing) were used in 50% (18/36) of studies. Telehealth was discussed and recommended as the default technology in delivering future health care services during COVID-19 and beyond in 77% (28/36) of studies.
CONCLUSIONS
This review highlighted the necessity to rethink how models of self-care should continue to address the demands of chronic conditions while being responsive to the imminent threats of infectious diseases. Perhaps the silver lining of COVID-19 is that adoption of digital technology (especially telehealth) among a vast cross-section of people with chronic conditions is possible. Future research should investigate effective ways to incorporate evidence-based digital health tools into these new models of self-care that address the challenges of chronic and infectious conditions.
PubMed: 35442904
DOI: 10.2196/35173 -
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy Jan 2022Self-criticism is the process of negative self-evaluation. High levels are associated with psychopathology and poorer therapeutic outcomes. Self-compassion interventions... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Self-criticism is the process of negative self-evaluation. High levels are associated with psychopathology and poorer therapeutic outcomes. Self-compassion interventions were developed to explicitly target self-criticism. The aim of this review was to estimate the overall effect of self-compassion-related interventions on self-criticism outcomes and investigate potential moderating variables. A systematic search of the literature identified 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria. Nineteen papers, involving 1350 participants, had sufficient data to be included in the meta-analysis. Pre- and post-data points were extracted for the compassion and control groups. Study quality was assessed using an adapted version of the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool, which concluded that studies were of moderate quality. Meta-analysis findings indicated that self-compassion-related interventions produce a significant, medium reduction in self-criticism in comparison with control groups (Hedges' g = 0.51, 95% CI [0.33-0.69]). Moderator analysis found greater reductions in self-criticism when self-compassion-related interventions were longer and compared with passive controls rather than active. The remaining moderators of forms of self-criticism, sample type, intervention delivery, intervention setting and risk of bias ratings were insignificant. Overall, the review provides promising evidence of the effectiveness of self-compassion-related interventions for reducing self-criticism. However, results are limited by moderate quality studies with high heterogeneity. Directions for future research indicate that more RCTs with active controls, follow-ups, consistent use and reporting of measures and diverse samples are needed.
Topics: Humans; Self-Assessment; Self-Compassion
PubMed: 33749936
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2586 -
Archives of Suicide Research : Official... 2020This study aimed to systemically review the literature regarding self-harm, emotion regulation, and experiential avoidance. Articles were identified through systematic...
This study aimed to systemically review the literature regarding self-harm, emotion regulation, and experiential avoidance. Articles were identified through systematic searches of several databases using combinations of the phrases "emotion regulation" AND "experiential avoidance" AND "self-harm," or "self-injury," and "BPD" or "Borderline Personality Disorder." Additional searches were conducted inclusive of terms related to experiential avoidance and emotion regulation, as well as other disorders related to self-harm. 17 articles were identified and reviewed. Results tentatively support the role of experiential avoidance in self-harm; some studies described phenomena similar to experiential avoidance without using the term. Poor emotion regulation was often cited as a reason for engagement in self-harm. Several gaps in the literature were identified and discussed.
Topics: Avoidance Learning; Borderline Personality Disorder; Emotional Regulation; Humans; Self-Injurious Behavior
PubMed: 30636566
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2018.1563575 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021Self-assessment is among the most impactful processes in student learning. Since no review of this process was found in the field of physical education (PE), the... (Review)
Review
Self-assessment is among the most impactful processes in student learning. Since no review of this process was found in the field of physical education (PE), the objective of this work was to perform a systematic review of the literature published over the last five years on the self-assessment of PE students in formal education contexts. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to select the articles. A total of three researchers independently applied the above criteria and obtained a total of thirteen studies. After synthesising the results by category, we found that: a majority of the studies were conducted in Europe; all 13 studies covered the educational stages of either secondary or higher education; an even number of qualitative and quantitative approaches were distributed among the studies; some studies focused on specific sports or contents, while others were applicable to any subject; and, finally, depending on the research design adopted, the results described self-assessment strategy processes, improvements in learning, drew descriptive portraits of students regarding health, or reflected students' positive perceptions of self-assessment. It is necessary to conduct further studies on PE students' self-assessment, especially in primary education.
Topics: Europe; Humans; Learning; Physical Education and Training; Self-Assessment; Students
PubMed: 33477483
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020766 -
Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal Sep 2017Internet (eHealth) and smartphone-based (mHealth) approaches to self-management for bipolar disorder are increasingly common. Evidence-based self-management strategies... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Internet (eHealth) and smartphone-based (mHealth) approaches to self-management for bipolar disorder are increasingly common. Evidence-based self-management strategies are available for bipolar disorder and provide a useful framework for reviewing existing eHealth/mHealth programs to determine whether these strategies are supported by current technologies. This review assesses which self-management strategies are most supported by technology.
METHOD
Based on 3 previous studies, 7 categories of self-management strategies related to bipolar disorder were identified, followed by a systematic literature review to identify existing eHealth and mHealth programs for this disorder. Searches were conducted by using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for relevant peer-reviewed articles published January 2005 to May 2015. eHealth and mHealth programs were summarized and reviewed to identify which of the 7 self-management strategy categories were supported by eHealth or mHealth programs.
RESULTS
From 1,654 publications, 15 papers were identified for inclusion. From these, 9 eHealth programs and 2 mHealth programs were identified. The most commonly supported self-management strategy categories were "ongoing monitoring," "maintaining hope," "education," and "planning for and taking action"; the least commonly supported categories were "relaxation" and "maintaining a healthy lifestyle." eHealth programs appear to provide more comprehensive coverage of self-management strategies compared with mHealth programs.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Both eHealth and mHealth programs present a wide range of self-management strategies for bipolar disorder, although individuals seeking comprehensive interventions might be best served by eHealth programs, while those seeking more condensed and direct interventions might prefer mHealth programs. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Humans; Internet; Medical Informatics Applications; Mobile Applications; Self-Management; Telemedicine
PubMed: 28594196
DOI: 10.1037/prj0000270 -
Clinical Psychology Review Feb 2010There is much debate in the literature as to the extent to which self and identity persist in people with dementia. The aim of this systematic review was to examine... (Review)
Review
There is much debate in the literature as to the extent to which self and identity persist in people with dementia. The aim of this systematic review was to examine methods currently used to investigate self and identity in people with dementia, and the resulting evidence as to the persistence of self and identity throughout the course of the disease. Thirty-three studies were reviewed, which showed that many approaches have been taken to studying aspects of self and identity in dementia, including both quantitative and qualitative methods. This appears to be partly due to the differing underlying concepts of self that have been used as a basis for these studies. Consequently, results obtained from these studies are somewhat disparate, although it is possible to draw some tentative conclusions from the available evidence. Almost all of the studies suggest that there is at least some evidence for persistence of self in both the mild and moderate to severe stages of the illness, although many studies record some degree of deterioration in aspects of self or identity. Further research is required to clarify existing evidence and to address outstanding questions regarding self and identity in dementia.
Topics: Dementia; Humans; Mental Recall; Models, Psychological; Self Concept
PubMed: 19896760
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.10.003 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Research Nov 2021Self-compassion - the tendency or ability to treat oneself kindly in times of failure or distress - may be a natural fit to support individuals who struggle with weight... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Self-compassion - the tendency or ability to treat oneself kindly in times of failure or distress - may be a natural fit to support individuals who struggle with weight management. However, while self-compassion shows promise with improving health behaviours, the associations self-compassion has on weight management outcomes are unclear. The objective of this systematic review was three-fold: (1) to evaluate whether self-compassion interventions can increase individual self-compassion in the context of weight management, (2) to investigate if self-compassion interventions can improve weight management outcomes, defined as healthier eating, increased physical activity, or reduced weight and finally, (3) to explore whether these benefits can be sustained over the longer term.
METHODS
Following PRISMA guidelines, Scopus, PsycINFO, Medline, PubMed and Embase databases were searched. Studies including a measure of self-compassion and a self-compassion intervention reporting weight management outcomes were included. Studies in populations living with an eating disorder were excluded. The Quality Criteria Checklist from the American Dietetic Association was used to assess study quality. Prospero Registration #CRD42019146707.
RESULTS
Of the 9082 records screened, a total of 20 studies met inclusion criteria. Seventeen studies reported significant increases in self-compassion post-intervention. Improvements were also found for eating behaviours (15 of 18), physical activity behaviours (6 of 9), and weight loss (6 of 11). The majority of improvements were maintained at follow-up, except for physical activity behaviours (1 of 7).
CONCLUSION
Self-compassion interventions tailored to weight management outcomes demonstrate efficacy with increasing self-compassion post-intervention. Methodological weaknesses and questions about the maintenance of any improvements in weight management outcomes limit our ability to make strong conclusions. However, there is promise and clear relevance for including self-compassion interventions to enhance weight management outcomes; directions for improved intervention and study design are given.
Topics: Empathy; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Weight Loss
PubMed: 34560404
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110617 -
Nursing Management (Harrow, London,... May 2022This article details a systematic review that aimed to synthesise and analyse the published research on the effects of mindful self-compassion interventions on stress in...
This article details a systematic review that aimed to synthesise and analyse the published research on the effects of mindful self-compassion interventions on stress in nurses. Five studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria and were analysed in terms of sample characteristics, intervention, measurement of self-compassion, additional psychosocial outcome measures, intervention duration and adherence, intervention outcomes and effect size and follow-up. The review found that mindful self-compassion interventions had medium-to-large effect sizes for self-compassion, traumatic stress, burnout, stress and compassion satisfaction. There was also high intervention adherence (mean=86%) in the included studies. Since these interventions can improve self-compassion and compassion in nurses, they have the potential to enhance the quality of compassionate care provided by nurses who undergo training in mindful self-compassion.
Topics: Burnout, Professional; Empathy; Humans; Mindfulness; Nurses; Self-Compassion
PubMed: 34904424
DOI: 10.7748/nm.2021.e2028 -
The British Journal of Clinical... Jun 2023Self-harm is a major public health concern. Lifetime prevalence is high, and rates of self-harm are rising; however, available interventions do not benefit everyone, and...
BACKGROUND
Self-harm is a major public health concern. Lifetime prevalence is high, and rates of self-harm are rising; however, available interventions do not benefit everyone, and engagement with therapy can be low. Qualitative accounts allow for a greater understanding of what is helpful to individuals. This study aimed to synthesize the experiences of interventions for self-harm, from participants who have participated in these themselves.
METHODS
Participants had self-harmed at least once and undergone an individual psychotherapeutic intervention for self-harm. Papers not written or translated to the English language were excluded. Four databases (Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO) were systematically searched and each paper was assessed using the CASP quality appraisal tool. A meta-ethnographic approach to the synthesis was taken.
RESULTS
Ten studies encompassing 104 participants were included. Four overarching themes were developed and the importance of recognizing the person beyond the self-harm emerged through a line of argument synthesis. Building a trusted, therapeutic relationship founded on patience and without judgement was essential for the perceived success of therapy, which was unique to each person and often went beyond reducing self-harming behaviours.
LIMITATIONS
Papers included in the study showed a lack of diversity with regard to ethnicity and gender.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings illustrate the importance of the therapeutic alliance when working with self-harm. Clinical implications of this paper include the importance of utilizing key therapeutic competencies which should be considered fundamental to change within psychotherapeutic interventions for self-harm, with the uniqueness of each patient recognized throughout.
Topics: Humans; Self-Injurious Behavior; Anthropology, Cultural; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 36883196
DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12414 -
Journal of Dental Education Aug 2016A desired outcome of dental and dental hygiene programs is the development of students' self-assessment skills. To that end, the Commission on Dental Accreditation... (Review)
Review
A desired outcome of dental and dental hygiene programs is the development of students' self-assessment skills. To that end, the Commission on Dental Accreditation states that "graduates must demonstrate the ability to self-assess." However, it is unclear that merely providing opportunity for self-assessment actually leads to the desired outcome. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on self-assessment in dental education. A search of English-language articles for the past 25 years (January 1, 1990, to June 30, 2015) was performed using MEDLINE Medical Subject Heading terms. Each abstract and/or article was validated for inclusion. The data collected included student classification, self-assessment environment, faculty assessment, training, faculty calibration, predictive value, and student perceptions. A qualitative analysis was also performed. From an initial list of 258 articles, 19 were selected for inclusion; exclusion criteria included studies that evaluated a non-preclinical or non-clinical exercise or whose subjects were not predoctoral dental or dental hygiene students. The results showed limited information regarding any kind of systematic training of students on how to perform a self-assessment. The majority of the studies also did not specify the impact of self-assessment on student performance. Self-assessment was primarily performed in the second year and in the preclinical environment. Students received feedback through a correlated faculty assessment in 73% of the studies, but 64% did not provide information regarding students' perceptions of self-assessment. There was a trend for students to be better self-assessors in studies in which a grade was connected to the process. In addition, there was a trend for better performing students to underrate themselves and for poorer performing students to overrate themselves and, overall, for students to score themselves higher than did their faculty evaluators. These findings suggest the need for greater attention to systematically teaching self-assessment in dental and dental hygiene curricula and for further research on the impact of self-assessment on desired outcomes.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Education, Dental; Educational Measurement; Humans; Self-Assessment; Students, Dental
PubMed: 27480701
DOI: No ID Found