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Journal of Clinical and Experimental... May 2019Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) and ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) are uncommon benign mixed odontogenic neoplasms. Although unusual microscopic changes including hybrid... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) and ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) are uncommon benign mixed odontogenic neoplasms. Although unusual microscopic changes including hybrid tumors have been documented in publications, their clinical outcome prediction and treatment modality selection are still challenging due to scarcity. Objective: Analysis of AF/AFO's unusual microscopic variants in order to improve histopathologic diagnosis and to help clinicians in making informed treatment choices.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An electronic search was performed in PubMed's database using keywords: "ameloblastic fibroma", "ameloblastic fibroodontoma", "ameloblastic fibro-odontoma". The search scheme was limited to articles in English, dated 'January 1998' to 'October 2018', with full texts (case reports and series) and human studies. Eligibility criteria included publications having enough clinical, radiological, and histological data to confirm their diagnosis. Age, sex, lesions' location, radiologic features, signs, symptoms, treatment approaches, and recurrences were recorded and analyzed.
RESULTS
In this systematic review, 11 articles (reporting 14 cases) were selected. Patients' mean age was 13.75 years (male/female = 1.8). The posterior region of the mandible was the lesions' commonest location (57.14%). Swelling was reported in 78.57% of the cases, pain in 28.57% but 21.42% were asymptomatic. Radiolucent unilocular appearance was the commonest radiographic feature, but 28.57% of the cases showed a mixed radiolucent-radiopaque appearance. Other reported radiographic findings were impacted tooth (78.57%), root resorption (28.57%), tooth mobility (35.71%), and cortical perforation (14.28%). No recurrences were reported. Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) was the commonest lesion associated with AF/AFO (53.33%). Unicystic ameloblastoma and cystic changes without prominent epithelial lining were other reported hybrid lesions. Reported microscopic variations were pigmentation and ghost cell differentiation.
CONCLUSIONS
COC was the commonest lesion associated with AF/AFO. Although COC commonly occurs in the jaws' anterior region, hybrid cases were more common in the posterior area. No malignant transformations were reported. The treatment modality is mostly chosen based on the lesion's most aggressive part. Ameloblastic fibroma, Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, Odontogenic tumor, Jaw.
PubMed: 31275522
DOI: 10.4317/jced.55460 -
Sexual Development : Genetics,... 2022Ovotesticular disorder of sex development (OT-DSD) is a rare condition defined by concomitance of testicular tissue and ovarian tissue (containing follicles) in the same...
INTRODUCTION
Ovotesticular disorder of sex development (OT-DSD) is a rare condition defined by concomitance of testicular tissue and ovarian tissue (containing follicles) in the same individual. In SRY-negative 46,XX OT-DSD, the presence of testicular tissue may be due to variations in NR5A1. Our aims were to search for NR5A1 variants in SRY-negative 46,XX OT-DSD patients and to perform a systematic review on the contribution of NR5A1 variations to 46,XX OT-DSD.
METHODS
Sanger sequencing of NR5A1 was performed in seven SRY-negative 46,XX OT-DSD patients: five simplex cases and two with another sibling with a 46,XX DSD. Systematic review of original studies on NR5A1 sequencing of 46,XX OT-DSD patients was performed according to PRISMA-P guideline. Case reports were selected for analysis of clinical features. Individuals with NR5A1-associated testicular DSD were not included.
RESULTS
Sanger sequencing of NR5A1 did not reveal pathogenic variants among our patients. Our cohort was included in this systematic review with seven other articles, totalizing fifty-six 46,XX OT-DSD patients investigated by Sanger or whole-exome sequencing. From them, three NR5A1 pathogenic variants were identified (5% of the cases). Clinical analysis of these 3 cases and 5 case reports revealed: predominance of ovotestis (13/16 gonads) and bilateral OT-DSD (5/8 cases).
CONCLUSION
The etiology of most 46,XX OT-DSD cases remains elusive, highlighting the importance of a deeper molecular investigation.
Topics: Humans; Male; Disorders of Sex Development; Gonads; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development; Steroidogenic Factor 1; Testis
PubMed: 36657429
DOI: 10.1159/000526036 -
Sexual Medicine Reviews Apr 2017Stem cells for sexual disorders are steadily being introduced into clinical trials. Two conditions of importance are the main target for this line of treatment,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Stem cells for sexual disorders are steadily being introduced into clinical trials. Two conditions of importance are the main target for this line of treatment, especially when regarding the wide array of translational and basic science highlighting the potential advantages of regenerative therapy: erectile dysfunction (ED) and more recently Peyronie disease (PD). Cellular therapy offers a treatment modality that might reverse disease progression. It would be used in a curative setting, in contrast to other pharmaceutical agents that are currently available.
AIM
To review basic preclinical studies and recent clinical trials of stem cells on ED and PD.
METHODS
A search of the medical literature for the following terms was performed using PubMed: stem cells, cellular therapy, erectile dysfunction, Peyronie's disease, and clinical trial.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
A non-systematic narrative review and critical reflection on preclinical and clinical studies administering stem cells for ED and PD in animal models and human subjects.
RESULTS
Numerous studies have confirmed the beneficial functional effects of stem cell injection in established animal models on ED and PD. Various stem cell types have been adopted, from embryonic to adult mesenchymal cell types. Each cell type offers distinctive advantages and disadvantages. Diverse administrations of stem cells were investigated, with insignificant variability in the ultimate results. Stem cells appear to have a pronounced paracrine effect, rather than the classic engraftment and differentiation hypothesis. Phase 1 clinical trials using stem cells have not reported any severe adverse events in animals. However, these results cannot be extrapolated to draw any conclusions about efficacy in human patients.
CONCLUSION
Stem cells have an established efficacy in preclinical studies and early clinical trials. Studies are currently being published demonstrating the safety of intrapenile injection of autologous bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Soebadi MA, Milenkovic U, Weyne E, et al. Stem Cells in Male Sexual Dysfunction: Are We Getting Somewhere? Sex Med Rev 2017;5:222-235.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Complications; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Penile Diseases; Prostatectomy; Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 28041853
DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2016.11.002 -
OncoTargets and Therapy 2019The prognostic role of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in colorectal cancer remains unclear. We employed a meta-analysis to explore the prognostic value of PD-L1 and... (Review)
Review
The prognostic role of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in colorectal cancer remains unclear. We employed a meta-analysis to explore the prognostic value of PD-L1 and to ascertain the relationship between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics in CRC patients. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library until October 2018. Eligible studies about colorectal cancer that pay attention to PD-L1 expression and studies reporting survival information were included. In order to evaluate the prognostic role of PD-L1 for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS)/disease-free survival (DFS), Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI was selected to appraise the correlation between PD-L1 with clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer patients. Begg's funnel plot was used to assess publication bias. Twelve studies involving 4344 patients published from 2013 to 2018 were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results revealed that PD-L1 overexpression was relevant to shorter OS (HR 1.47, 95% CI =1.01-2.15, =0.04) and shorter RFS/DFS (HR 1.47, 95% CI =1.01-2.15, =0.04). Moreover, Patients with high expression of PD-L1 associated with inferior tumor stage (OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.74, <0.0001) and Vascular invasion-negativity (OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.6, 0.94, =0.01). But the expression of PD-L1 is not related to age, sex, tumor location, tumor differentiation, pT stage, pN stage, MSI/MMR status. This meta-analysis revealed that PD-L1 can serve as a significant biomarker for negative prognosis and the adverse clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer and could facilitate the better management of individual patients.
PubMed: 31190869
DOI: 10.2147/OTT.S190168 -
Journal of Insurance Medicine (New... 2019-Globally, almost one million new cases of stomach cancer were estimated to have occurred in 2012 (952,000 cases, 6.8% of the total), making it the fifth most common...
20-Year Comparative Survival and Mortality of Cancer of the Stomach by Age, Sex, Race, Stage, Grade, Cohort Entry Time-Period, Disease Duration & Selected ICD-O-3 Oncologic Phenotypes: .
-Globally, almost one million new cases of stomach cancer were estimated to have occurred in 2012 (952,000 cases, 6.8% of the total), making it the fifth most common malignancy in the world, after lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate. Gastric cancer was the world's third leading cause of cancer mortality in 2012, responsible for 723,000 deaths, 8.8% of total cancer deaths. In 2017, 28,000 new cases and 10,960 deaths are estimated for gastric cancer in the United States. Estimated United States prevalence counts on January 1, 2014, for patients diagnosed within the previous 5-years was 48,271 (SEER Cancer Statistics Review-2014). Prognostic indices of survival & mortality in patients with gastric cancer are related to tumor stage including nodal involvement, direct tumor extension beyond the gastric wall, and wide-spread dissemination. Tumor histologic grade (degree of loss of cellular differentiation), and oncotype-specific ICD-O-3 phenotypes also provides important prognostic information. By more than 90%, the most common histologic type of stomach cancer is adenocarcinoma. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) ICD-O-3 SEER Site/Histology Validation List catalog (September 18, 2015) enumerates almost 200 subtypes for gastric cancer sites C160-C166, C168-C169. Based on the results of molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas reported to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project in 2014, a novel classification separating gastric cancers into four subtypes according to Epstein-Barr virus positive status, microsatellite instability, chromosomal instability, or genomic stability was proposed. Of interest, infection and its role in the development of gastric cancer is not mentioned. All cancer has a genetic basis. However, given the histologic and etiologic heterogeneity of gastric cancer, eventual comprehensive molecular characterization and genomic sequencing with identification of chromosomal aberrations, nucleotide substitutions mortality follow-up study is focused on short- and long-term comparative patient outcomes of stomach adenocarcinoma, ICD-O-3 8140-8147, and other selected gastric cancer oncotypes. -To update trends in incidence, prevalence, short- and long-term survival, and mortality of gastric cancer using the statistical database of SEER*Stat 8.3.4 for diagnosis years 1973-2014 employing multiple case selection variables. -A retrospective, population-based study using nationally representative data from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to evaluate 157,258 cases for diagnosis years 1973-2014 comparing multiple variables of age, sex, race, stage, grade, cohort entry time-period, disease duration and histologic oncotype: Relative survival statistics were analyzed in two cohorts: 1973-1994 and 1995-2014. Survival statistics were derived from: SEER*Stat Database: Incidence - SEER 9 Regs Research Data, November 2016 Submission (1973-2014)
Released April 2017. -By more than 90%, the most common type of stomach cancer is adenocarcinoma. From 1975 to 2014, gastric cancer incidence has been steadily decreasing in the United States at the rate of -1.5% per year. In a total of 157,258 cases of invasive staged cancer of the stomach, mean age in males was 67.5 years, females 69.6 years, both male & female 67.4 years. Greater than 90% of cases occurred between ages 45-85+ years with the zenith in males at 70-74 years (15.1%) and 85+ years in females (17.9%). The overall annual US death rate per 100,000 per year for stomach cancer from 1975 to 2014 has decreased from 5.1 to 3.1, but excess mortality at 0-5 years remains exceedingly high. Mortality is a function of incidence and survival, and unfortunately, almost all of this decrease is due to the decrease in incidence of stomach cancer. Of the 157,258 invasive cases, 86.6% were clinically staged and 76.8% were histologically graded. -Given the histologic and etiologic heterogeneity of gastric cancer, major improvements in mortality and survival outcomes await the development of diagnostic markers for earlier diagnosis, and genomic sequencing and identification of chromosomal aberrations, nucleotide substitutions and epigenetic modifications that drive malignant transformation, for the development of targeted therapies for almost 200 gastric cancer subtypes. Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; National Cancer Institute (U.S.); Neoplasm Staging; SEER Program; Sex Distribution; Stomach Neoplasms; Survival; United States
PubMed: 31609640
DOI: 10.17849/insm-48-1-1-19.1 -
Neurology India 2022Different variant of GBM has been reported viz. Epithelioid Glioblastoma (GBM-E), Rhabdoid GBM (GBM-R), Small cell GBM (GBM-SC), Giant cell GBM (GBM-GC), GBM with neuro...
OBJECTIVES
Different variant of GBM has been reported viz. Epithelioid Glioblastoma (GBM-E), Rhabdoid GBM (GBM-R), Small cell GBM (GBM-SC), Giant cell GBM (GBM-GC), GBM with neuro ectodermal differentiation (GBM-PNET) with unknown behavior.
MATERIALS
We conducted a systematic review and individual patient data analysis of these rare GBM variants. We searched PubMed, google search, and Cochrane library for eligible studies till July 1 2016 published in English language and collected data regarding age, sex, subtype and treatment received, Progression Free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS). Statistical Package for social sciences (SPSS) v16 software was used for all statistical analysis.
RESULTS
We retrieved data of 196 patients with rare GBM subtypes. Among these GBM-GC is commonest (51%), followed by GBM-R (19%), GBM-PNET (13%), GBM-SC (9%) and GBM-E (8%). Median age at diagnosis was 38, 40, 43.5, 69.5 and 18 years, respectively. Male: female ratio was 2:1 for GBM-E, and 1:3 for GBM-SC. Maximal safe resection followed by adjuvant local radiation was used for most of the patients. However, 6 patients with GBM-PNET, 3 each of GBM-E, GBM-SC received adjuvant craniospinal radiation. Out of 88 patients who received chemotherapy, 64 received Temozolomide alone or combination chemotherapy containing Temozolomide. Median PFS and OS for the entire cohort were 9 and 16 months. In univariate analysis, patient with a Gross Total Resection had significantly better PFS and OS compared to those with a Sub Total Resection [23 vs. 13 months (p-0.01)]. Median OS for GBM PNET, GBM-GC, GBM-SC, GBM-R and GBM-E were 32, 18.3, 11, 12 and 7.7 months, respectively (P = 0.001). Interestingly, 31.3%, 37.8% of patients with GBM-E, GBM-R had CSF dissemination.
CONCLUSION
Overall cohort of rarer GBM variant has equivalent survival compared to GBM not otherwise specified. However, epithelioid and Rhabdoid GBM has worst survival and one third shows CSF dissemination.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Glioblastoma; Temozolomide; Data Analysis; Brain Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating
PubMed: 36352613
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.359222 -
Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry :... 2018Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a heme-containing enzyme catalyzing the initial and rate-limiting steps in the kynurenine pathway, which converts tryptophan into... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a heme-containing enzyme catalyzing the initial and rate-limiting steps in the kynurenine pathway, which converts tryptophan into kynurenine. Upregulation of IDO1 decreases tryptophan levels and increases the accumulation of kynurenine and its metabolites. These metabolites can affect the proliferation of T cells. Increasing evidence has shown that IDO1 is highly expressed in various cancer types and associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients. However, the results were inconsistent.
METHODS
We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases to identify studies evaluating the prognostic value of IDO1 in cancer patients. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using fixed-effects/random-effects models.
RESULTS
This systematic review and meta-analysis included 2706 patients from 24 articles. The results indicated a shorter overall survival in patients with high expression of IDO1 (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56-2.63). Furthermore, disease-free survival was worse in patients with high expression of IDO1 (HR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.46-4.20). Additionally, the pooled odds ratios (ORs) showed that increased IDO1 was significantly associated with tumor differentiation (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.05-3.12), distant metastasis (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.02-2.06), and poor clinical stage (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.13-3.17). However, no significant correlation was observed of increased IDO1 expression with age, sex, lymph node metastasis, and tumor size.
CONCLUSION
High expression of IDO1 is associated with poor clinical outcomes. IDO1 could serve as a biomarker of prognosis and a potential predictive factor of clinicopathology in various cancers. Further studies should be performed to verify the clinical utility of IDO1 in human solid tumors.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Databases, Factual; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Survival Rate
PubMed: 30134237
DOI: 10.1159/000492849 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Apr 2019There have been many individual studies on the question whether air- craft noise is a risk factor for stroke, but until now there has not been any summary of the current... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
There have been many individual studies on the question whether air- craft noise is a risk factor for stroke, but until now there has not been any summary of the current state of the evidence of adequately high methodological quality.
METHODS
In a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registry number CRD42013006004), we evaluated the relation between address-based aircraft noise exposure and the incidence of stroke. A systematic literature search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and BIOSIS databases including publications up to August 2017. Two of the authors, working independently of each other, screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts for eligible articles and evaluated the quality of the included studies on a three-level scale. The change of risk per 10 dB increase in the weighted mean aircraft noise level (LDEN) was calculated. LDEN is a noise level indicator with additional weighting of evening and nighttime noise.
RESULTS
Of the nine studies that met the inclusion criteria, seven were suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The result of the meta-analysis indicated a relative stroke risk of 1.013 (95% confidence interval, [0.998; 1.028]) per 10 dB increase in LDEN, corresponding with an estimated 1.3% increase in the risk of stroke for each additional 10 dB of aircraft noise. The underlying studies were of poor to medium quality. The analyses of the studies included adjustments for various combinations of confounders, including age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
CONCLUSION
The present meta-analysis indicates that aircraft noise increases the risk of stroke, even if the overall finding just fails to reach statistical significance. The differing measures of exposure in the included studies, the lack of differentiation be- tween ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and the lack of consideration of maximum noise levels are all factors that may have led to a marked underestimation of the risk of stroke.
Topics: Aircraft; Humans; Noise, Transportation; Risk Factors; Stroke
PubMed: 31092311
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0237 -
Journal of Manipulative and... 2015Understanding the changes in muscle fiber typing is relevant in the context of muscle disorders because it provides information on the metabolic profile and functional... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Understanding the changes in muscle fiber typing is relevant in the context of muscle disorders because it provides information on the metabolic profile and functional capacity. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature comparing muscle fiber typing in the back muscles of healthy subjects with low back pain (LBP) patients.
METHODS
Predefined keywords regarding muscle fiber typing and back muscles were combined in PubMed and Web of Science electronic search engines from inception to August 2014. Full-text articles were independently screened by 2 independent, blinded researchers. Full texts fulfilling the predefined inclusion criteria were assessed on risk of bias by 2 independent researchers, and relative data were extracted. Data were not pooled because of heterogeneity in biopsy locations and population.
RESULTS
From the 214 articles that were identified, 18 met the inclusion criteria. These articles evaluated the muscle fiber type distribution or proportional fiber type area between muscles, muscle layers, men, and women or healthy subjects and LBP patients. Regarding muscle fiber type distribution, findings in healthy subjects and LBP patients show no or inconclusive evidence for intermuscular and interindividual differentiation. Studies evaluating the proportional fiber type area also suggest little intermuscular differentiation but provide plausible evidence that the proportional area occupied by type I fibers is higher in women compared to men. The evidence for differentiation based on the presence of low back pain is conflicting.
CONCLUSION
This study found that the evidence regarding muscle fiber typing in back muscles is either inconclusive or shows little differences. The most plausible evidence exists for differentiation in proportional fiber type area depending on sex.
Topics: Female; Humans; Low Back Pain; Male; Paraspinal Muscles; Sex Factors
PubMed: 26547762
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2015.10.004 -
Platelets Dec 2024Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a therapeutic approach that is gaining attention for its potential in the treatment of poor ovarian response. This meta-analysis aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a therapeutic approach that is gaining attention for its potential in the treatment of poor ovarian response. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically review and analyze clinical studies to evaluate the impact of PRP on poor responders undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies published in English. The pooled data, such as pregnancy outcome, number of MII oocytes, number of transferable embryos, and ovarian reserve markers were analyzed using R version 4.2.3.
RESULTS
A total of 10 trials were enrolled in the present meta-analysis. Following PRP treatment, live birth rate was found to be 16.6% (95% CI 8.8%-26.1%), while clinical pregnancy rate was observed to be 25.4% (95% CI 13.1%-39.9%). PRP pretreatment resulted in a higher number of MII oocytes (MD 1.073, 95% CI 0.720 to 1.427), a higher number of embryos (MD 0.946, 95% CI 0.569 to 1.323), a higher antral follicle count (MD 1.117; 95% CI 0.689 to 1.544), and the change of hormone levels.
CONCLUSIONS
Among the studies evaluated in this review, PRP showed promising results in poor responder. Further research is required to clarify the potential role of PRP in female reproductive health.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Fertilization in Vitro; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Rate; Ovulation Induction; Platelet-Rich Plasma
PubMed: 38214306
DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2292612