-
Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Jun 2021The crisis in child and adolescent mental health and wellbeing has prompted the development of school and community-based interventions to tackle negative emotions... (Review)
Review
The crisis in child and adolescent mental health and wellbeing has prompted the development of school and community-based interventions to tackle negative emotions towards the self. Providing an evidence-base for such interventions is therefore a priority for policy makers and practitioners. This paper presents the first systematic review of self-referential and self-report measures of negative emotions for use with non-clinical child/adolescent populations, and evaluation of their psychometric properties. A systematic search of electronic databases and grey literature was conducted. Peer reviewed articles that introduced a new measure or included psychometric evaluation of a negative self-referential emotion for children and/or adolescents were identified. Study characteristics were extracted, and psychometric properties rated using internationally recognised quality criteria. Initially, 98 measures designed for evaluating children and adolescents' negative self-referential emotions were found. Measures were primarily excluded if they were intended for clinical diagnosis or did not focus on self-referential emotions. The remaining eight measures (Brief Shame and Guilt Questionnaire; Self-Consciousness Scale-Children; Shame and Guilt Scale for Adolescents; Test of Self-Conscious Affect- Adolescents; The Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale [CAPS]; Child and Adolescent Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale Revised; Children Automatic Thoughts Scale [CATS]; Negative Affect Self-Statement Questionnaire) were organised into domains consisting of self-conscious emotions, self-oriented perfectionism and negative self-cognitions. Psychometric quality ratings identified the CAPS (Flett et al. in J Psychoeduc Assess 34:634-652, 2016) and the CATS (Schniering and Rapee in Behav Res Ther 40:1091-1109, 2002) as having the strongest psychometric qualities. However, all reviewed measures lacked full evaluation of essential psychometric properties. Our review revealed a paucity of self-referential emotional measures suitable for assessing adverse negative self-referential emotions in general child and adolescent populations. Measures suitable for use in non-clinical samples were identified, but these require further evaluation and/or new scale developments are needed. The psychometric findings and methodological issues identified will guide researchers and practitioners to make evidence-based decisions in order to select optimal measures.
Topics: Adolescent; Emotions; Guilt; Humans; Self Concept; Self Report; Shame
PubMed: 33544312
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-020-00339-9 -
International Journal of Mental Health... Mar 2022Stigma is a social phenomenon known to have a negative impact on the lives of people living with HIV (PLWH). However, defining HIV-related stigma (HRS) is difficult...
HIV related stigma associated with social support, alcohol use disorders, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Stigma is a social phenomenon known to have a negative impact on the lives of people living with HIV (PLWH). However, defining HIV-related stigma (HRS) is difficult because of the intersection it has with structural inequalities, and cultural differences, discrimination by health care providers that measure stigma among PLWH. HIV/AIDS has been characterized as a traumatic experience and PLWH may experience stigma which can cause negative mental health disorders and experiences, including emotional distress, shame, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation. A systematic review of the evidence on the mental disorders of PLWH is currently lacking. This study aimed to analyze the association between HRS and social support, alcohol use disorders and mental health disorders and experiences (depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation) among PLWH.
METHODS
In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) this study searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of sciences, PsycInfo, SciELO and Cochrane library electronic databases to identify publications between January 1992 and August 2020 that discussed social support, alcohol use disorders, mental health disorders and experiences (i.e., depression and anxiety and suicidal ideation) associated with HRS. Pooled Odds Ratios (ORs) were utilized at a 95% confidence level, and as sampling methods differed between articles pooled estimates used a random effects model.
RESULTS
Twenty-two studies with 9548 participants met the eligibility criteria. No association was observed between HRS and alcohol use disorders. PLWH who had higher levels of social supports were less likely to report HRS. Participants who had been diagnosed with anxiety were 1.89 times more likely to report HRS, while those diagnosed with depression were 1.61 times more. Respondents who reported suicidal ideation also were 1.83 times more likely to report HRS.
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis supports that HRS has a detrimental association with anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation, but social support protects again HRS in PLWH. Applying interventions which focus on the mental health disorders of PLWH may decrease HRS. Provision of social support by practitioners, combined with mental health treatment and assessments, and designing methods to identify stigma at different stages of illness are warranted.
PubMed: 35246211
DOI: 10.1186/s13033-022-00527-w -
European Journal of Physical and... Jun 2016It is debated whether intra-articular viscosupplementation with hyaluronic acid (HA) can lead to improvements in subjects with osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing physical... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Hyaluronic acid intra-articular injection and exercise therapy: effects on pain and disability in subjects affected by lower limb joints osteoarthritis. A systematic review by the Italian Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (SIMFER).
BACKGROUND
It is debated whether intra-articular viscosupplementation with hyaluronic acid (HA) can lead to improvements in subjects with osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing physical and rehabilitative interventions.
AIM
To assess the effects of intra-articular viscosupplementation on disability in subjects with OA undergoing physical and rehabilitative interventions. Information on pain and quality of life were also collected.
METHODS
The databases of PubMed, Medline, EMbase and CINAHL were searched for English language full-text randomized controlled trials comparing intra-articular viscosupplementation alone or associated with physical and rehabilitative interventions to viscosupplementation alone, shame treatment, waiting lists, and any type of rehabilitative interventions. Methodological quality of each study was assessed by using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale.
RESULTS
A total of 115 references were retrieved, and 8 studies were selected. Three trials compared HA injection and physical therapy in knee OA, with disability and pain improvements in all studies, and between-group differences in favor of physical therapy in two studies; two trials compared HA injection and home exercises in knee OA, with improvements in pain, disability and quality of life in all studies, without between-group differences; two trials compared HA injection plus physical therapy agents and exercises to exercises plus physical therapy agents in knee OA, with improvements in disability and pain in both studies, and between-group differences in favor of the inclusion HA in one study; one trial compared HA injection and home exercises in ankle OA, with improvements in disability and pain in both arms without between-group differences.
CONCLUSION
Physical therapy agents seemed to have greater effects than intra-articular viscosupplementation on disability and pain. In the other cases both intra-articular viscosupplementation and physical and rehabilitative interventions seemed to be equally effective in improving disability, pain, and quality of life in subjects with knee and ankle OA.
CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT
A treatment model associating intra-articular viscosupplementation to physical and rehabilitative interventions seems promising but more high quality RCTs are needed before it can be suggested.
Topics: Aged; Ankle; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Injections, Intra-Articular; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Pain; Quality of Life
PubMed: 26365146
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Reproductive Health 2021Unmet need for contraception, unintended pregnancy, and access to safe abortion remain global challenges preventing adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) from...
Unmet need for contraception, unintended pregnancy, and access to safe abortion remain global challenges preventing adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) from achieving optimal reproductive health. Furthermore, AGYW face difficulties navigating sexual autonomy, lack of agency or experience negotiating sexual acts, and challenges accessing sexual health information and services. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the psychosocial outcomes of AGYW who have experienced an abortion with particular focus on sub-Saharan Africa, which bears the global burden of unintended pregnancy and risk of death due to unsafe abortion. The systematic review was registered and used search terms to identify peer-reviewed articles relevant to "post-abortion," "psychosocial," "adolescent girls," and "young women" from PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Examples of psychosocial experiences include quality of life, stigma, and mental health outcomes. Rayyan software (Qatar, 2020) was used by two reviewers to assess the relevance of each article to psychosocial outcomes of AGYW any time after an abortion or accessing post-abortion services. Analysis was conducted with a focus on data from Africa and comparisons are made to non-African settings. A total of 2,406 articles were identified and 38 articles fit the criteria. Six selected articles were from Africa, including Ghana, Kenya, Uganda, and Zambia, and the remaining articles were from other regions. Themes around stigma, shame, and abandonment associated with the experience of abortion were prevalent in all regions. Studies of psychosocial outcomes of AGYW in sub-Saharan Africa highlight social isolation as well as learned resilience among young women who abort. Navigating abortion as an AGYW involves managing internalized and perceived stigma, fear of violence, secrecy, and growing resilient in order to overcome the significant barriers that society and culture place on access to an essential service in sexual and reproductive health. Post-abortion psychosocial outcomes highlight the need for support services and investigation of contexts that perpetuate and necessitate unsafe abortion. Empowerment of AGYW may present an important opportunity to build self-agency and positive coping mechanisms to withstand social pressures during stigmatizing circumstances associated with abortion.
PubMed: 36303958
DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.638013 -
Journal of Clinical Nursing May 2023To describe migrant family caregivers' experiences and perceptions of caring for a family member with dementia.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To describe migrant family caregivers' experiences and perceptions of caring for a family member with dementia.
BACKGROUND
There are demographic trends of aging populations and increased migration between countries. Age-associated diseases, such as dementia, are expected to increase, with migrants being at significantly increased risk. Knowledge of how dementia care is provided within migrant families is scarce.
DESIGN
Systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research were performed to inform the development of interventions that can acknowledge and respond to the needs, concerns and preferences of migrant family caregivers.
METHODS
Searches were performed in PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL and reference lists in published articles were reviewed for the period 2000-October 2020. The CASP checklist for qualitative research was used to assess evidence quality, and the ENTREQ framework was used as a guide for study reporting.
RESULTS
Twenty-six articles from 10 Western countries, including 360 informal migrant caregivers from more than 30 countries of origin, were eligible. Within four areas of construct-perceptions of dementia and initial help-seeking; barriers to accessing and using formal dementia care; caregiver burden and coping and resilience-12 descriptive themes were identified. Several concepts cut across the themes, such as language difficulties; the role of the family in relation to care and support; cultural perceptions of dementia and care; stigma, pride and shame; the importance of religion and the importance of trust.
CONCLUSIONS
The review revealed commonalities among migrant family caregivers that resulted in reduced understanding of dementia and the importance of diagnosis and treatment.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
To prevent a negative trajectory in caregiving, with perceived demands causing high levels of stress and strain, several barriers to migrants accessing and using formal care need to be assessed and addressed.
Topics: Humans; Adaptation, Psychological; Caregivers; Dementia; Family; Qualitative Research; Transients and Migrants
PubMed: 35655377
DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16390 -
Addiction (Abingdon, England) Mar 2023People who inject drugs are at high risk of contracting hepatitis C (HCV). The introduction of direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs to treat HCV has the potential to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIM
People who inject drugs are at high risk of contracting hepatitis C (HCV). The introduction of direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs to treat HCV has the potential to transform care; however, uptake of DAAs has been slower than anticipated. The strong link between HCV and injecting drug use frames HCV as a shameful, stigmatising disease, reinforcing an 'addict' identity. Linking HCV care to a recovery journey, 'clean' identity and social redemption may provide compelling encouragement for people to engage with treatment and re-evaluate risk and behaviours, reducing the incidence of HCV re-infection. The aim of this review was to identify actions, interventions and treatments that provide an opportunity for a change in identity and support a recovery journey and the implications for HCV care.
METHODS
Databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ProQuest Public Health, ProQuest Sociological Abstracts, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched following our published strategy and a grey literature search conducted. A narrative synthesis was undertaken to collate themes and identify common threads and provide an explanation of the findings.
RESULTS
Thirty-two studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The narrative synthesis of the studies identified five over-arching analytical themes: social factors in substance use and recovery, therapeutic communities, community treatment, online communities, and finally women and youth subsets. The change from an 'addict' identity to a 'recovery' identity is described as a key aspect of a recovery journey, and this process can be supported through social support and turning point opportunities.
CONCLUSIONS
Recovery from addiction is a socially mediated process. Actions, interventions and treatments that support a recovery journey provide social connections, a recovery identity and citizenship (reclaiming a place in society). There is a gap in current literature describing how pathways of care with direct acting antivirals can be designed to promote recovery, as part of hepatitis C care.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Antiviral Agents; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Hepatitis C; Hepacivirus; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 35993427
DOI: 10.1111/add.16031 -
Schizophrenia Research Oct 2020Negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients are associated with the patients' functional outcomes and quality of life. However, pharmacotherapy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
Negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients are associated with the patients' functional outcomes and quality of life. However, pharmacotherapy has little effect on such symptoms. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in ameliorating negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients.
METHODS
A literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases through March 23, 2020. Studies were included if they met all the following criteria: (1) subjects were exclusively patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or psychosis, (2) active tDCS and shame stimulation were conducted in two parallel groups, (3) sufficient data were present, and (4) the study design was based on a randomized controlled trial. Two authors conducted the search strategy, publication assessment and data extraction independently, and a third person was consulted when any disagreement emerged.
RESULTS
A total of 14 studies were included (12 studies included negative symptoms and 7 studies included cognitive impairments). The overall meta-analysis showed no significant difference between active and sham tDCS in ameliorating negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients (SMD: -0.14, 95% CI: -0.33- 0.05). Subgroup analysis including studies with a high stimulation frequency, twice daily, revealed a significant difference in therapeutic effects between active tDCS and sham stimulation (SMD: -0.31, 95% CI: -0.58 to -0.05). With respect to cognitive impairments, there was a trend indicating that active tDCS might improve cognitive impairment (SMD: -0.21, 95% CI: -0.46- 0.04), but the overall meta-analysis failed to obtain statistically significant results.
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis indicates that tDCS is a potential strategy for improving negative symptoms, but the therapeutic benefit for negative symptoms requires a high stimulation frequency (twice a day).
Topics: Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Schizophrenia; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
PubMed: 33129639
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.10.006 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... May 2023The purpose of this systematic review is to broaden our knowledge of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in South Asian immigrants living in Canada, Hong Kong, the United...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this systematic review is to broaden our knowledge of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in South Asian immigrants living in Canada, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia by determining the barriers and facilitators and examining interventions for CRC screening.
METHODS
A literature search of PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Google was conducted using South Asian, Asian Indians, cancer screening, colorectal neoplasm, early detection of cancer, and mass screening as search terms. The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Only research articles written in English from 2000 to July 2022 were collected. Inclusion criteria included all English-language articles, the South Asian population, and either reporting barriers, facilitators, interventions, or recommendations for CRC screening. Exclusion criteria included all articles that did not meet inclusion criteria or were duplicates. A total of 32 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion and were retrieved for further analysis. The countries of origin in the articles reviewed included Canada, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia.
RESULTS
In general, the studies indicated that South Asians have low CRC screening rates. The most common barriers reported were poor knowledge/awareness of CRC and CRC screening, lack of physician recommendation, psychological factors (e.g., fear, anxiety, and shame), cultural/religious factors, and sociodemographic factors (language barrier, lower income, and female gender). The most important facilitator reported was the physician's recommendation. Six intervention studies of either education or organized screening programs were shown to have a positive influence by increasing knowledge and improving attitudes toward CRC screening.
CONCLUSION
Of the limited number of studies identified, the population categorized as South Asians was largely heterogeneous, including a diversity of ethnicities. Although the rates of CRC among South Asians were relatively low, there remain many cultural barriers to the awareness of and screening for CRC in this population. Further research in this population is needed to better identify the factors related to CRC in individuals of South Asian ethnicity. Recommending CRC screening by physicians and mid-level providers and educating patients with culturally sensitive programs and materials are important to increase knowledge and awareness of CRC and CRC screening.
Topics: Humans; Female; United States; Early Detection of Cancer; Asian People; Language; Colorectal Neoplasms; Emigrants and Immigrants
PubMed: 37247265
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.5.1463 -
Clinical Psychology Review Mar 2017Many trauma survivors seem to be reluctant to seek professional help. The aim of the current review was to synthesize relevant literature, and to systematically classify... (Review)
Review
Many trauma survivors seem to be reluctant to seek professional help. The aim of the current review was to synthesize relevant literature, and to systematically classify trauma survivors' perceived barriers and facilitators regarding mental health service utilization. The systematic search identified 19 studies addressing military personnel and 17 studies with trauma survivors of the general population. The data analysis revealed that the most prominent barriers included concerns related to stigma, shame and rejection, low mental health literacy, lack of knowledge and treatment-related doubts, fear of negative social consequences, limited resources, time, and expenses. Perceived facilitators lack attention in research, but can be influential in understanding mental health service use. Another prominent finding was that trauma survivors face specific trauma-related barriers to mental health service use, especially concerns about re-experiencing the traumatic events. Many trauma survivors avoid traumatic reminders and are therefore concerned about dealing with certain memories in treatment. These perceived barriers and facilitators were discussed regarding future research and practical implications in order to facilitate mental health service use among trauma survivors.
Topics: Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Mental Health Services; Military Personnel; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Social Stigma; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Survivors
PubMed: 28013081
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.12.001 -
Journal of International Society of... 2019The aim of current systematic review was to evaluate the efficiency of the vibrating devices in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of current systematic review was to evaluate the efficiency of the vibrating devices in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.
METHODS
A systemic unrestricted search was done in three electronic databases up to July 2018. A manual search was also performed. Eligibility criteria included Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), quasi randomized clinical trials and prospective controlled trials (CCTs) comparing the rate of the tooth movement with and without vibrating devices. The study characteristics and data extraction of the vibrating device group and control group were performed by two reviewers independently.
RESULTS
Seven articles were eligible to be included in the qualitative analysis. Three of them were included in meta analysis. One hundred and five patients received vibrating device to accelerate orthodontic treatment while forty-nine patients received shame device and seventy-eight patients were control group.
CONCLUSION
There was no significant difference between vibrating devices group and control group. There is no evidence that vibrating appliances are effective in acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement.
PubMed: 30923687
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_311_18