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Public Health May 2023Social prescribing is a complex care model, which aims to address unmet non-medical needs and connect people to community resources. The purpose of this systematic... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Social prescribing is a complex care model, which aims to address unmet non-medical needs and connect people to community resources. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize available evidence from qualitative methods (e.g. interviews or focus groups) on experience, outcomes, and processes for social prescribing and older adults (from the person or provider level).
STUDY DESIGN
This was a systematic review using the Joanna Brigg's meta-aggregative approach.
METHODS
We searched multiple online databases for peer-reviewed studies, which included older adults aged ≥60 years (group mean age) and social prescribing experience, outcomes, or processes. We included all qualitative or mixed methods designs from all years and languages. Date of the last primary search was March 24, 2022. Two authors used online software to conduct the screening independently and then decided on the final list of included studies via notes and online discussion.
RESULTS
We screened 376 citations (after duplicates) and included eight publications. There were 197 older adult participants (59% women), and many people were living with chronic health conditions. Few details were provided for participants' ethnicity, education, and related factors. We created five synthesized findings related to (1) the approach of social prescribing; implementation factors such as (2) relationships, (3) behavior change strategies, and (4) the environment; and (5) older adults' perceived health and psychosocial outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the limited number of available studies, data provide an overview of people and processes involved with social prescribing, identified research and practice gaps, and possible next steps for implementing and evaluating social prescribing for older adults in primary care.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Focus Groups; Social Interaction
PubMed: 37060740
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.02.016 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Jun 2022Finding and accessing social services and community resources are a challenge for stroke survivors and care partners. The purpose of this systematic review was to...
PURPOSE
Finding and accessing social services and community resources are a challenge for stroke survivors and care partners. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and review interventions that aimed to increase access and use of such services and resources post stroke.
METHOD
A systematic review of the published literature was performed using MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health (January 2008 to May 2020). Studies were included if they were quantitative designs and reported on outcomes of interventions addressing post-stroke access to social services or community resources. Results were synthesised narratively.
RESULTS
3566 titles and abstracts were reviewed. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria. The interventions included in this review varied in terms of target group, timing, and type of support provided (passive or active tailored information provision, referral service, navigation assistance). Outcome measures, for social service and community resource access, included discharge preparedness measures, service counts, observations, satisfaction evaluations, interviews, and open-ended questions.
CONCLUSION
Overall, interventions demonstrated some improvements in information received and access to social services and community resources following stroke. Future research should focus on carrying out high quality studies that examine the effectiveness of various social service and community resource interventions, and on setting valid and reliable outcome measures.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONStroke survivors and care partners have unmet social service and community resource needs.Stroke survivors and care partners can benefit from interventions that provide information, referrals, and ongoing support to access services and resources.Clearly identifying social service and community resource needs is important for tailoring interventions to individual situations.Interventions should ideally be provided throughout the hospital stay, in acute care and rehabilitation, and continue on in the community.
Topics: Community Resources; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Social Work; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Survivors
PubMed: 33280453
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1851780 -
Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Nov 2023Some previous studies have shown an increased prevalence of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) among young, black patients with poor access to health care; however,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Some previous studies have shown an increased prevalence of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) among young, black patients with poor access to health care; however, results have been mixed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social determinants of health and AFRS.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL.
REVIEW METHODS
A systematic review was performed searching for articles published from date of inception to September 29, 2022. English language articles describing the relationship between social determinants of health (i.e., race, insurance status) and AFRS as compared to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) were selected for inclusion. A Meta-analysis of proportions with comparison (Δ) of weighted proportions was conducted.
RESULTS
A total of 21 articles with 1605 patients were selected for inclusion. The proportion of black patients among AFRS, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) groups was 58.0% [45.3%-70.1%], 23.8% [14.1%-35.2%], and 13.0% [5.1%-24.0%], respectively. This was significantly higher among the AFRS population compared to both the CRSwNP population (Δ34.2% [28.4%-39.6%], p < .0001) and the CRSsNP population (Δ44.9% [38.4%-50.6%], p < .0001). The proportion of patients who were either uninsured or covered by Medicaid among the AFRS, CRSwNP, and CRSsNP populations was 31.5% [25.4%-38.1%], 8.6% [0.7%-23.8%], and 5.0% [0.3%-14.8%], respectively. This was significantly higher among the AFRS group than the CRSwNP group (Δ22.9% [15.3%-31.1%], p < .0001) and the CRSsNP group (Δ26.5% [19.1%-33.4%], p < .0001).
CONCLUSION
This study confirms that AFRS patients are more likely to be Black and either uninsured or on subsidized insurance than their CRS counterparts.
Topics: Humans; Allergic Fungal Sinusitis; Nasal Polyps; Social Determinants of Health; Sinusitis; Chronic Disease; Rhinitis
PubMed: 37293865
DOI: 10.1002/ohn.396 -
Journal of the International... Feb 2023Despite the importance of social cognitive functions to mental health and social adjustment, examination of these functions is absent in routine assessment of epilepsy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Despite the importance of social cognitive functions to mental health and social adjustment, examination of these functions is absent in routine assessment of epilepsy patients. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on four major aspects of social cognition among temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy, which is a critical step toward designing new interventions.
METHOD
Papers from 1990 to 2021 were reviewed and examined for inclusion in this study. After the deduplication process, a systematic review and meta-analysis of 44 and 40 articles, respectively, involving 113 people with frontal lobe epilepsy and 1482 people with temporal lobe epilepsy were conducted.
RESULTS
Our results indicated that while patients with frontal or temporal lobe epilepsy have difficulties in all aspects of social cognition relative to nonclinical controls, the effect sizes were larger for theory of mind ( = .95), than for emotion recognition ( = .69) among temporal lobe epilepsy group. The frontal lobe epilepsy group exhibited significantly greater impairment in emotion recognition compared to temporal lobe. Additionally, people with right temporal lobe epilepsy ( = 1.10) performed more poorly than those with a left-sided ( = .90) seizure focus, specifically in the theory of mind domain.
CONCLUSIONS
These data point to a potentially important difference in the severity of deficits within the emotion recognition and theory of mind abilities depending on the laterlization of seizure side. We also suggest a guide for the assessment of impairments in social cognition that can be integrated into multidisciplinary clinical evaluation for people with epilepsy.
Topics: Humans; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe; Social Cognition; Neuropsychological Tests; Cognition; Seizures; Frontal Lobe
PubMed: 35249578
DOI: 10.1017/S1355617722000066 -
Journal of Autism and Developmental... Jul 2018Group social skills interventions (GSSIs) are a commonly offered treatment for children with high functioning ASD. We critically evaluated GSSI randomised controlled... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Group social skills interventions (GSSIs) are a commonly offered treatment for children with high functioning ASD. We critically evaluated GSSI randomised controlled trials for those aged 6-25 years. Our meta-analysis of outcomes emphasised internal validity, thus was restricted to trials that used the parent-report social responsiveness scale (SRS) or the social skills rating system (SSRS). Large positive effect sizes were found for the SRS total score, plus the social communication and restricted interests and repetitive behaviours subscales. The SSRS social skills subscale improved with moderate effect size. Moderator analysis of the SRS showed that GSSIs that include parent-groups, and are of greater duration or intensity, obtained larger effect sizes. We recommend future trials distinguish gains in children's social knowledge from social performance.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Behavior Therapy; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Social Skills; Socioenvironmental Therapy
PubMed: 29423608
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3485-1 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022There is a great heterogeneity in the conceptualization and operationalization of social capital in empirical research targeting adolescents. There has not yet been an... (Review)
Review
There is a great heterogeneity in the conceptualization and operationalization of social capital in empirical research targeting adolescents. There has not yet been an attempt to systematically map and psychometrically evaluate the existing instruments for measuring social capital that have been developed and validated for adolescent samples. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate the design and psychometric properties of self-reported instruments for social capital, specifically developed and validated for use among adolescents. The design of this study was a systematic review guided by the COSMIN methodology for systematic reviews of Patient Reported Outcome Measures. The search included six electronic databases and no time frame was applied. Twenty studies were identified as describing the development and validation of a social capital instrument for adolescent samples. The results reveal common denominators, but also great variation in the design and validation of the instruments. Adolescents were only involved in the development procedures of four instruments. There is a lack of social capital instruments that cover both the multidimensionality of social capital and contextual relevance in relation to adolescents. Careful examination of instruments should thus precede a decision when designing studies and further instrument development involving the target group is encouraged.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Self Report; Social Capital; Psychometrics; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 36497690
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315596 -
Preventive Medicine Dec 2021The built and social neighborhood environment where a child lives has been increasingly studied as an exposure that may affect child weight long term. We conducted a... (Review)
Review
The built and social neighborhood environment where a child lives has been increasingly studied as an exposure that may affect child weight long term. We conducted a systematic review of primary research articles published in 2011 through 2019 that reported results from longitudinal analyses of associations between neighborhood environment characteristics and child obesity or weight. Neighborhood environment measures included proximity to food stores, parks, and recreational facilities, walkability, crime, perceived safety, and social cohesion. Information on study population, exposure and outcome measures, and main results were extracted from 39 studies and results were presented for full cohorts and stratified by sex. Most studies were prospective cohorts (90%) with a median follow-up time of six years. Studies analyzing changes in the neighborhood versus changes in weight were less common than approaches analyzing baseline measures of the neighborhood environment in relation to obesity incidence or weight trajectories. Associations varied by sex, race/ethnicity, and age group. Within the food environment domain, the strongest evidence of adverse impact was for fast food restaurants but the effect was only apparent among girls. Results suggested green space, parks, and recreational facilities may have a beneficial effect on weight. Increased crime and low perceived safety may be risk factors for increased weight although not all studies were consistent. Standardization of measures across studies, investigation of multiple social and physical environment measures simultaneously, effect modification by demographic characteristics, and change in the environment vs change in weight analyses are needed to strengthen conclusions.
Topics: Child; Environment Design; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Pediatric Obesity; Prospective Studies; Residence Characteristics; Social Environment
PubMed: 34506813
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106790 -
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Jul 2018Social capital has been included as an element that could influence the self-perception of health, mortality and mental diseases. We systematically reviewed papers that... (Review)
Review
Social capital has been included as an element that could influence the self-perception of health, mortality and mental diseases. We systematically reviewed papers that studied the influence of social capital in the control of diabetes mellitus (DM). We included studies published up to Feb. 16, 2017, without restriction of time or year of publication. Quantitative studies were included since they presented one well-defined parameter to evaluate DM and specifically measured social capital. We used the PRISMA and STROBE guidelines to perform this review and to evaluate the quality of papers. Only three papers met the inclusion criteria. All studies adopted cross-sectional design. The population, the instruments used to measure social capital, and the statistical analysis were different among the papers. In conclusion, although social capital seems to be related to DM, more studies are necessary to understand which dimensions are more important in this association, if the association is the same at the individual or neighborhood level, and what kind of population in terms of education, poverty and culture would be more influenced by social capital in DM control.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Social Capital
PubMed: 29625913
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.03.021 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023This review identified and examined the research literature on the effect of participating in physical and/or cognitive activities on older people's quality of life, to...
INTRODUCTION
This review identified and examined the research literature on the effect of participating in physical and/or cognitive activities on older people's quality of life, to establish whether the social relationships fostered by these activities can be a vector of better physical, mental and social quality of life.
METHOD
A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched four databases (MEDLINE, APA PsycArticles/PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science) for articles published between 1975 and 2022 using search terms related to psychosocial, population, and intervention topics. Studies were eligible if they involved older adults, participation in at least one activity (physical or cognitive), and at least one quality of life related outcome measure.
RESULTS
We selected 20 articles published between 1990 and 2021, the majority concerning studies conducted in English-speaking countries. Ten studies were interventional (introduction of program of activities), and 10 studies were observational (60% quantitative, 40% qualitative). Overall, results revealed a positive impact of the activities on every aspect of quality of life (i.e., cognitive, physical, social, psychological, and quality of life in general).
CONCLUSION
The present review confirmed the beneficial impact of practicing physical and/or cognitive group activities on older people's quality of life, but the contribution of social factors and social relationships remains underestimated and not well defined in researches.
PubMed: 37767210
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1166072 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Dec 2023Social recognition is crucial for survival in social species, and necessary for group living, selective reproduction, pair bonding, and dominance hierarchies. Mice and...
Social recognition is crucial for survival in social species, and necessary for group living, selective reproduction, pair bonding, and dominance hierarchies. Mice and rats are the most commonly used animal models in social memory research, however current paradigms do not account for the complex social dynamics they exhibit in the wild. To assess the range of social memories being studied, we conducted a systematic analysis of neuroscience articles testing the social memory of mice and rats published within the past two decades and analyzed their methods. Our results show that despite these rodent's rich social memory capabilities, the majority of social recognition papers explore short-term memories and short-term familiarity levels with minimal exposure between subject and familiar stimuli - a narrow type of social memory. We have identified several key areas currently understudied or underrepresented: kin relationships, mates, social ranks, sex variabilities, and the effects of aging. Additionally, reporting on social stimulus variables such as housing history, strain, and age, is limited, which may impede reproducibility. Overall, our data highlight large gaps in the diversity of social memories studied and the effects social variables have on social memory mechanisms.
PubMed: 38187659
DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572606