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Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Apr 2022Exercise can reduce the negative effects of aging on postural control. The slackline training could potentially be an activity to improve postural control in older... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Exercise can reduce the negative effects of aging on postural control. The slackline training could potentially be an activity to improve postural control in older adults. However, the effects of slackline on postural control in older adults are not clear. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of slackline on postural control in older adults.
METHODS
Randomized controlled trials were retrieved from ISI Web Knowledge, PubMed and Scopus using the descriptors "Slackline", "Slacklining", "Aged", "Aging", "Elderly", "Older adults", "Balance", "Postural Balance" and "Postural Control". Randomized controlled trials were selected. Postural control was evaluated through center of pressure (CoP), and slackline standing time during single leg stance.
RESULTS
Four studies with 118 participants were included. The studies found that slackline improves slackline standing time in the tandem, and the single-legged postures, without differences in CoP displacement in single-leg position, results that were confirmed by the meta-analyses.
CONCLUSION
Although slackline training improves task-specific performance, this improvement is not transferable to other tasks. This conclusion should be interpreted with caution considering the small number of studies, inconsistent designs, and general study limitations. Further studies are required before recommending slackline training to optimize the postural control of older adults.
Topics: Aged; Exercise; Humans; Physical Conditioning, Human; Postural Balance; Posture
PubMed: 35500955
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.10.005 -
The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine Jan 2020Comprehensive balance measures with high clinical utility and sound psychometric properties are needed to inform the rehabilitation of individuals with spinal cord...
CONTEXT
Comprehensive balance measures with high clinical utility and sound psychometric properties are needed to inform the rehabilitation of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).
OBJECTIVE
To identify the balance measures used in the SCI population, and to evaluate their clinical utility, psychometric properties and comprehensiveness.
METHODS
Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database were searched from the earliest record to October 19/16. Two researchers independently screened abstracts for articles including a balance measure and adults with SCI. Extracted data included participant characteristics and descriptions of balance measures. Quality was evaluated by considering study design, sampling method and adequacy of description of research participants. Clinical utility of all balance measures was evaluated. Comprehensiveness was evaluated using the modified Systems Framework for Postural Control.
RESULTS
2820 abstracts were returned and 127 articles included. Thirty-one balance measures were identified; 11 evaluated a biomechanical construct and 20 were balance scales. All balance scales had high clinical utility. The Berg Balance Scale and Functional Reach Test were valid and reliable, while the mini-BESTest was the most comprehensive.
CONCLUSION
No single measure had high clinical utility, strong psychometric properties and comprehensiveness. The mini-BESTest and/or Activity-based Balance Level Evaluation may fill this gap with further testing of their psychometric properties.
Topics: Disability Evaluation; Humans; Postural Balance; Psychometrics; Sitting Position; Spinal Cord Injuries; Standing Position; Walking
PubMed: 29869951
DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2018.1481692 -
Journal of the American Heart... Nov 2023Background Rapidly consuming water may offer practical orthostatic hypotension therapy. However, its efficacy across disorders remains uncertain. This study aims to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Background Rapidly consuming water may offer practical orthostatic hypotension therapy. However, its efficacy across disorders remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the impact of rapid 350- to 500-mL water intake on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods and Results We systematically reviewed MEDLINE and Embase up to June 2023, including randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies. Using random-effects meta-analysis, we calculated pooled mean differences (MDs) for maximum hemodynamic effects of rapid 350- to 500-mL water bolus consumption. Participants with orthostatic hypotension experienced increased systolic BP (MD, 24.18 [95% CI, 15.48-32.88]) and diastolic BP (MD, 11.98 [95% CI, 8.87-15.09]) with decreased HR (MD, -3.46 [95% CI, -5.21 to -1.71]). Similar results were observed in multiple system atrophy and pure autonomic failure subgroup analysis. Healthy participants showed modest increases in systolic BP (MD, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.02-3.64]) and diastolic BP (MD, 2.73 [95% CI, 1.15-4.30]), but HR changes were not significant (MD, -2.06 [95% CI, -5.25 to 1.13]). Water had no significant hemodynamic effects in patients with seated or supine postural tachycardia syndrome, although standing effects were unassessed. Our data do not exclude water's potential standing effect in postural tachycardia syndrome. Conclusions In patients with orthostatic hypotension, rapid water intake elevated short-term systolic BP and diastolic BP, with mild HR reduction when seated or supine. Healthy participants exhibited similar but milder effects. However, patients with postural tachycardia syndrome did not experience these changes in seated or supine positions. Further research is needed to evaluate the promising impact of rapid water ingestion on patients with postural tachycardia syndrome in a standing position, which was not addressed in our study.
Topics: Humans; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome; Prospective Studies; Hemodynamics; Blood Pressure; Water
PubMed: 37929748
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.122.029645 -
Journal of Diabetes Science and... Jul 2009The objective of this review is to identify and review publications describing the impact of reduced somatosensation on balance. Based on knowledge of the association... (Review)
Review
The objective of this review is to identify and review publications describing the impact of reduced somatosensation on balance. Based on knowledge of the association between specific somatosensory loss and deterioration of balance, conclusions can be made about role of somatosensation in standing balance. A systematic literature review is presented in which publications from the years 1993 through 2007 were searched in Medline and Embase. Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms and free text words (related to balance, somatosensory loss, and lower limb) were used to perform the searches. Fifteen articles were selected for detailed review based on predetermined inclusion criteria, and three of the included articles described the effect of experimentally reduced somatosensation on balance in healthy subjects. Ten of the articles described balance in diabetic neuropathy (DN). The last two included articles described balance in Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 1A (CMT1A) or type 2 (CMT2). The literature indicates that the tactile sensation is reduced in DN, CMT1A, and CMT2 and when the plantar surface of the feet was hypothermically anesthetized. Joint motion sensation seems to be impaired in patients with DN, and passive joint position sensation appears to be reduced in healthy subjects with anesthesia of ankle and foot from prolonged ischemia. This reduced somatosensation seems to have a negative effect on balance in patients with DN and CMT2; however, this appeared not to be the case in patients with CMT1A and in healthy subjects.
Topics: Humans; Postural Balance; Proprioception; Somatosensory Disorders
PubMed: 20144343
DOI: 10.1177/193229680900300441 -
Occupational and Environmental Medicine Apr 2007Occupational activities are suspected of having an adverse impact on outcomes of pregnancy. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Occupational activities are suspected of having an adverse impact on outcomes of pregnancy.
AIM
To assess the evidence relating three major adverse outcomes (preterm delivery, low birthweight (LBW) and pre-eclampsia/gestational hypertension) to five common occupational exposures (prolonged working hours, shift work, lifting, standing and heavy physical workload).
METHODS
A systematic search of Medline and Embase (1966-December 2005) using combinations of keywords and medical subject heading terms was conducted. For each relevant paper, standard details were abstracted that were then used to summarise the design features of studies, to rate their methodological quality (completeness of reporting and potential for important bias or confounding) and to provide estimates of effect. For studies with similar definitions of exposure and outcome, pooled estimates of relative risk (RR) in meta-analysis were calculated.
RESULTS
53 reports were identified-35 on preterm delivery, 34 on birth weight and 9 on pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension. These included 21 cohort investigations. For pre-term delivery, extensive evidence relating to each of the exposures of interest was found. Findings were generally consistent and tended to rule out a more than moderate effect size (RR >1.4). The larger and most complete studies were less positive, and pooled estimates of risk pointed to only modest or null effects. For small-for-gestational age, the position was similar, but the evidence base was more limited. For pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension, it was too small to allow firm conclusions.
CONCLUSIONS
The balance of evidence is not sufficiently compelling to justify mandatory restrictions on any of the activities considered in this review. However, given some uncertainties in the evidence base and the apparent absence of important beneficial effects, it may be prudent to advise against long working hours, prolonged standing and heavy physical work, particularly late in pregnancy. Our review identifies several priorities for future investigation.
Topics: Exercise; Female; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Occupational Diseases; Posture; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Work Schedule Tolerance; Workload
PubMed: 17095552
DOI: 10.1136/oem.2006.026872 -
The Journal of Otolaryngology Oct 2005To conduct a systematic review of reports on the ergonomic posture of the surgeon during endoscopic sinus surgery. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review of reports on the ergonomic posture of the surgeon during endoscopic sinus surgery.
STUDY DESIGN
Literature review.
METHODS
Systematic review of the French- and English-language literature using PubMed from January 1970 to March 2004. Articles were divided into four categories: visualization through an endoscope or a videoendoscope, monitor position, sitting or standing position, and arm support.
RESULTS
Endoscopic sinus surgery with direct vision through the endoscope is associated with faulty neck positioning and does not appear to bring any advantages in terms of surgical performance compared with vision via a video monitor. Low back pain and lower extremity complaints are commonly associated with the standing position. Spinal flexion seems more harmful than a straight posture. The preferred viewing angle for video monitors is a few degrees below the horizontal gaze line. An arm support can be beneficial because it is associated with minimization of neck, shoulder, and lumbar stress.
CONCLUSION
We recommend (1) visualization via a television monitor instead of direct vision through an endoscope, (2) positioning the screen in direct axis with the surgeon's body and a few degrees below the horizontal line of gaze, (3) surgery in the seated position instead of the standing position, and (4) the use of an elbow support for the arm holding the endoscope.
Topics: Endoscopes; Endoscopy; Ergonomics; Humans; Paranasal Sinuses; Posture; Psychomotor Performance; PubMed; Video-Assisted Surgery
PubMed: 16181596
DOI: 10.2310/7070.2005.34507 -
Perceptual and Motor Skills Aug 2016Voluntary movement often causes postural perturbation that requires an anticipatory postural adjustment to minimize perturbation and increase the efficiency and... (Review)
Review
Voluntary movement often causes postural perturbation that requires an anticipatory postural adjustment to minimize perturbation and increase the efficiency and coordination during execution. This systematic review focuses specifically on the relationship between the parameters of anticipatory muscular activities and movement finality in sitting position among adults, to study the adaptability and predictability of anticipatory muscular activities parameters to different movements and conditions in sitting position in adults. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer-Link, Engineering Village, and EbscoHost. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to retain the most rigorous and specific studies, yielding 76 articles, Seventeen articles were excluded at first reading, and after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 were retained. In a sitting position, central nervous system activity precedes movement by diverse anticipatory muscular activities and shows the ability to adapt anticipatory muscular activity parameters to the movement direction, postural stability, or charge weight. In addition, these parameters could be adapted to the speed of execution, as found for the standing position. Parameters of anticipatory muscular activities (duration, order, and amplitude of muscle contractions constituting the anticipatory muscular activity) could be used as a predictive indicator of forthcoming movement. In addition, this systematic review may improve methodology in empirical studies and assistive technology for people with disabilities.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Humans; Motor Activity; Muscle, Skeletal; Posture
PubMed: 27440765
DOI: 10.1177/0031512516656817 -
BMC Family Practice Jan 2021Postural hypotension (PH), the reduction in blood pressure when rising from sitting or lying 0to standing, is a risk factor for falls, cognitive decline and mortality.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Postural hypotension (PH), the reduction in blood pressure when rising from sitting or lying 0to standing, is a risk factor for falls, cognitive decline and mortality. However, it is not often tested for in primary care. PH prevalence varies according to definition, population, care setting and measurement method. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PH across different care settings and disease subgroups.
METHODS
Systematic review, meta-analyses and meta-regression. We searched Medline and Embase to October 2019 for studies based in primary, community or institutional care settings reporting PH prevalence. Data and study level demographics were extracted independently by two reviewers. Pooled estimates for mean PH prevalence were compared between care settings and disease subgroups using random effects meta-analyses. Predictors of PH were explored using meta-regression. Quality assessment was undertaken using an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS
One thousand eight hundred sixteen studies were identified; 61 contributed to analyses. Pooled prevalences for PH using the consensus definition were 17% (95% CI, 14-20%; I = 99%) for 34 community cohorts, 19% (15-25%; I = 98%) for 23 primary care cohorts and 31% (15-50%; I = 0%) for 3 residential care or nursing homes cohorts (P = 0.16 between groups). By condition, prevalences were 20% (16-23%; I = 98%) with hypertension (20 cohorts), 21% (16-26%; I = 92%) with diabetes (4 cohorts), 25% (18-33%; I = 88%) with Parkinson's disease (7 cohorts) and 29% (25-33%, I = 0%) with dementia (3 cohorts), compared to 14% (12-17%, I = 99%) without these conditions (P < 0.01 between groups). Multivariable meta-regression modelling identified increasing age and diabetes as predictors of PH (P < 0.01, P = 0.13, respectively; R = 36%). PH prevalence was not affected by blood pressure measurement device (P = 0.65) or sitting or supine resting position (P = 0.24), however, when the definition of PH did not fulfil the consensus description, but fell within its parameters, prevalence was underestimated (P = 0.01) irrespective of study quality (P = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
PH prevalence in populations relevant to primary care is substantial and the definition of PH used is important. Our findings emphasise the importance of considering checking for PH, particularly in vulnerable populations, to enable interventions to manage it. These data should contribute to future guidelines relevant to the detection and treatment of PH.
PROSPERO
CRD42017075423.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Humans; Hypertension; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Prevalence
PubMed: 33388038
DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01313-8 -
Spine Jul 2010Cross-sectional study and systematic review of the literature. (Review)
Review
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional study and systematic review of the literature.
OBJECTIVE
Describe the natural history of spinopelvic alignment parameters and their behavior in patients with degenerative spinal deformity.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Normal stance and gait requires congruence between the spine-sacrum and pelvis-lower extremities. This is determined by the pelvic incidence (PI), and 2 positional parameters, the pelvic tilt, and sacral slope (SS). The PI also affects lumbar lordosis (LL), a positional parameter. The final goal is to position the body's axis of gravity to minimize muscle activity and energy consumption.
METHODS
Two study cohorts were recruited: 32 healthy teenagers (Risser IV-V) and 54 adult patients with symptomatic spinal deformity. Standing radiographs were used to measure spinopelvic alignment and positional parameters (SS, PI, sacral-femoral distance [SFD], C7-plumbline [C7P], LL, and thoracic kyphosis). Data from comparable groups of asymptomatic individuals were obtained from the literature.
RESULTS
PI increases linearly with age (r2 = 0.8646) and is paralleled by increasing SFD (r2 = 0.8531) but not by SS. Patients with symptomatic deformity have higher SFD (42 +/- 13.6 mm vs. 63.6 +/- 21.6 mm; P < 0.001) and lower SS (42 degrees +/- 9.6 degrees vs. 30.7 degrees +/- 13.6 degrees; P < 0.001) but unchanged PI. The C7P also presents a linear increase throughout life (r2 = 0.8931), and is significantly increased in patients with symptomatic deformity (40 +/- 37 mm vs. 70.3 +/- 59.5 mm; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
First, Gradual increase in PI is described throughout the lifespan that is paralleled by an increase in SFD, and is not by an increase in the SS. This represents a morphologic change of the pelvis. Second, Patients with symptomatic deformity of the spine present an increased C7P, thoracic hypokyphosis, reduced LL, and signs of pelvic retroversion (decreased LL and SS; increased SFD).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Kyphosis; Lower Extremity; Male; Pelvis; Postural Balance; Radiography; Retrospective Studies; Spinal Curvatures; Spine
PubMed: 20581754
DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181d35ca9 -
Chinese Medical Sciences Journal =... Mar 2024Objective Different body positions can exert both positive and negative physiological effects on hemodynamics and respiration. This study aims to conduct a literature... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Objective Different body positions can exert both positive and negative physiological effects on hemodynamics and respiration. This study aims to conduct a literature review and examine hemodynamic and respiratory alterations to different body positions.Methods The study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (register no. CRD42021291464). Two independent reviewers evaluated the methodological quality of all included studies using the Down and Black checklist, while the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach. The overall effects of different body positions were reported from random effects meta-analysis.Results Three studies with low risk of bias and ten with high risk of bias met the eligibility criteria. The supine resulted in the highest cardiac output compared to the 70 deg head-up tilt, sitting, and standing positions (very low- to moderate-quality evidences) and the lowest systemic vascular resistance compared to the 70 deg head-up tilt and standing positions (moderate-quality evidence). Additionally, the supine was associated with the highest total respiratory resistance compared to the 70 deg head-up tilt, left lateral, and standing positions (very low-to moderate-quality evidence) and higher alveolar ventilation than the prone (low-quality evidence).Conclusions The supine position has the most positive association with hemodynamic variables, resulting in the highest cardiac output and the lowest systemic vascular resistance. The upright positions (70 deg head-up tilt and standing positions) has the most positive association with the respiratory variables, resulting in the lowest total respiratory resistance.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Patient Positioning; Hemodynamics; Respiration; Respiration, Artificial
PubMed: 38438278
DOI: 10.24920/004281