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BMC Public Health Apr 2016Metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises a set of conditions that are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Numerous epidemiological studies on MS have been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises a set of conditions that are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Numerous epidemiological studies on MS have been conducted, but there has not been a systematic analysis of the prevalence of MS in the Chinese population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of MS among subjects in Mainland China.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review by searching both English and Chinese literature databases. Random or fixed effects models were used to summarize the prevalence of MS according to statistical tests for heterogeneity. Subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were performed to address heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test.
RESULTS
Thirty-five papers were included in the meta-analysis, with a total population of 226,653 Chinese subjects. Among subjects aged 15 years and older, the pooled prevalence was 24.5% (95% CI: 22.0-26.9%). By sex, the prevalences were 19.2% (95% CI: 16.9-21.6%) in males and 27.0% (95% CI: 23.5-30.5%) in females. The pooled prevalence of MS increased with age (15-39 years: 13.9%; 40-59 years: 26.4%; and 60 years: 32.4%). Individuals living in urban areas (24.9%, 95% CI: 18.5-31.3%) were more likely to suffer from MS than those living in rural areas (19.2%, 95% CI: 14.8-23.7%). Hypertension was the most prevalent component of MS in males (52.8%), while the most prevalent component of MS for females was central obesity (46.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
Our systematic review suggested a high prevalence of MS among subjects in Mainland China, indicating that MS is a serious public health problem. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the prevention and control of MS.
Topics: Age Distribution; China; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution
PubMed: 27039079
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2870-y -
Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the... Jul 2012This article describes a comprehensive meta-analysis that was conducted to estimate the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as defined by the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This article describes a comprehensive meta-analysis that was conducted to estimate the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). A systematic literature review identified 86 studies of children and adolescents (N = 163,688 individuals) and 11 studies of adults (N = 14,112 individuals) that met inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis, more than half of which were published after the only previous meta-analysis of the prevalence of ADHD was completed. Although prevalence estimates reported by individual studies varied widely, pooled results suggest that the prevalence of DSM-IV ADHD is similar, whether ADHD is defined by parent ratings, teacher ratings, or a best estimate diagnostic procedure in children and adolescents (5.9-7.1 %), or by self-report measures in young adults (5.0 %). Analyses of diagnostic subtypes indicated that the predominantly inattentive type is the most common subtype in the population, but individuals with the combined type are more likely to be referred for clinical services. Additional research is needed to determine the etiology of the higher prevalence of ADHD in males than females and to clarify whether the prevalence of ADHD varies as a function of socioeconomic status or ethnicity. Finally, there were no significant prevalent differences between countries or regions of the world after controlling for differences in the diagnostic algorithms used to define ADHD. These results provide important support for the diagnostic validity of ADHD, and argue against the hypothesis that ADHD is a cultural construct that is restricted to the United States or any other specific culture.
Topics: Algorithms; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Databases, Factual; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 22976615
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-012-0135-8 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Dec 2023To evaluate the prevalence of awake bruxism (AB) in the adult population. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the prevalence of awake bruxism (AB) in the adult population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Six main electronic databases and three sources of grey literature were searched to identify cross-sectional studies in which AB was assessed. The studies were independently selected by two reviewers in two phases, based on their eligibility criteria. The first one consisted of reading titles and abstracts, and the second one involved reading the full articles. The study quality assessment was obtained by using the "Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data", and the "R Statistics" software was used to perform meta-analyses.
RESULTS
Seventeen out of 3086 identified studies were included. None of the studies scored high in methodological quality across all 9 items of the JBI checklist. However, "the use of valid methods to identify pathology" and "appropriate statistical analysis" were considered to have high methodological quality in all the studies. The overall pooled prevalence of the meta-analysis was 15.44% (99% confidence interval: 10.81 to 20.72%) and there was no difference for sex, sampling method and according to consensus-based classification.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of AB in adults was low. There was substantial methodological variability, which highlights the need for standardized guidelines.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Prevalence data are useful for raising patients' and clinicians' awareness of the AB. Moreover, since AB can lead to possible pain and overload of the stomatognathic system, this knowledge can also guide dentists to achieve an early diagnosis of AB and to provide appropriate care management.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Prevalence; Bruxism; Cross-Sectional Studies; Wakefulness; Software
PubMed: 37853263
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05302-w -
BMC Oral Health Sep 2023Oral leukoplakia(OLK) is a common oral potentially malignant disorder. The global prevalence of solely OLK was published in 2003, while the prevalence varied among... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Oral leukoplakia(OLK) is a common oral potentially malignant disorder. The global prevalence of solely OLK was published in 2003, while the prevalence varied among different studies. In recent years, large-scale summary and definition-related analyses obtain insufficient attention. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of prevalence studies of oral leukoplakia and assess predisposing factors of its occurrence.
METHODS
The search terms ("Oral leukoplakia" OR OLK OR leukoplakia) AND (prevalence OR incidence OR epidemiology) were searched in databases (Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) for OLK studies published from January 1996 until December 2022. The estimated prevalence calculation and risk of bias analysis used STATA 16.0.
RESULTS
We obtained 69 studies, including 1,263,028 participants, from 28 countries, and 6 continents. The prevalence was 1.39%, varying from 0.12 to 33.33%. The overall pooled estimated prevalence of OLK was 2.23% for population-based studies, 1.36% for clinic-based population studies, and 9.10% for specific populations. The pooled prevalence in different continents ranged from 0.33 to 11.74% with a statistical difference in the population-based calculation. The estimated prevalence of OLK was higher in males than in females. Those who smoked and consumed alcohol had a higher prevalence than those who did not.
CONCLUSION
Combining data from 69 published studies, the prevalence of OLK was determined as 1.39% and the pooling estimated global prevalence was 3.41%. The prevalence was relatively consistent and stable across different continents and different definitions. A higher pooled estimated prevalence was found among males, those aged over 60 years old, smokers, and alcohol consumers. The results from the included studies in this systematic review revealed that the prevalence was relatively consistent and stable across various definitions and continents, which may help in developing global treatment and prevention strategies for oral leukoplakia.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Prevalence; Leukoplakia, Oral; Databases, Factual; Ethanol; Research Design
PubMed: 37670255
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03342-y -
International Journal of Oral and... Jun 2022The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of maxillary sinus septa using cone beam computed tomography and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of maxillary sinus septa using cone beam computed tomography and computed tomography data. Publications were searched until October 5, 2020 in three electronic databases. Additionally, article bibliographies were searched, and authors were contacted if required. This review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019124933). Two independent evaluators assessed methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute levels of evidence; inter-rater reliability tests were performed (Cohen's κ). The prevalence of maxillary sinus septa was expressed as a proportion; differences according to sex were reported in terms of the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Heterogeneity and sources of heterogeneity were evaluated by meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed by visual analysis of the funnel plot. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The 62 studies identified and included in the review involved 13,701 patients (22,460 sinuses). The meta-analysis of 35 studies (14,664 sinuses) revealed an overall mean sinus septa prevalence per sinus of 33.2% (95% CI 27.8-38.5%; I = 98.32%). The meta-analysis of 42 studies (9631 patients) found an overall mean sinus septa prevalence per patient of 41.0% (95% CI 36.0-46.0%, I = 96.45%). The OR for the difference in septa prevalence between sexes was 0.785 (95% CI 0.590-1.046; P = 0.098, I = 73.24%). Septa were most frequent in the middle area of the sinus and with a transverse orientation (86.0%). Within the limitations, the results suggest a high proportion of septa in the sinus, commonly in the middle area, which can interfere with the success of sinus floor elevation required for implant rehabilitation.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Humans; Maxillary Sinus; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Sinus Floor Augmentation
PubMed: 34742634
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.10.008 -
PLoS Medicine Mar 2023Depression is the most frequent psychiatric condition after stroke and is associated with negative health outcomes. We aim to undertake a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Depression is the most frequent psychiatric condition after stroke and is associated with negative health outcomes. We aim to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and natural history of depression after stroke.
METHODS AND FINDINGS
Studies published up to 4 November 2022 on Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched. We included studies of adults with stroke, where depression was assessed at a prespecified time point. Studies excluding people with aphasia and history of depression are excluded. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme(CASP) cohort study tool was used to assess risk of bias. A total of 77 studies were included in the pooled estimates of the prevalence of poststroke depression (PSD). The overall prevalence of depression was 27% (95% CI 25 to 30). Prevalence of depression was 24% (95% CI 21 to 28) by clinical interview and 29% (95% CI 25 to 32) by rating scales. Twenty-four studies with more than one assessment time point reported the natural history of PSD. Among people who were depressed within 3 months of stroke, 53% (95% CI 47 to 59) experienced persistent depression, while 44% (95% CI 38 to 50) recovered. The incidence of later depression (3 to 12 months after stroke) was 9% (95% CI 7 to 12). The cumulative incidence during 1 year after stroke was 38% (95% CI 33 to 43), and the majority (71% (95% CI 65 to 76)) of depression had onset within 3 months after stroke. The main limitation of the present study is that excluding people in source studies with severe impairments may produce imprecise estimates of the prevalence of PSD.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we observed that stroke survivors with early-onset depression (within 3 months after stroke) are at high risks for remaining depressed and make up two-thirds of the incident cases during 1 year after stroke. This highlights the need for ongoing clinical monitoring of patients depressed shortly after stroke.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42022314146.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cohort Studies; Depression; Prevalence; Stroke; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 36976794
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004200 -
The Psychiatric Quarterly Mar 2022This systematic review was conducted to determine the prevalence of mental disorders among children and adults in Uganda. A comprehensive systematic search for relevant... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review was conducted to determine the prevalence of mental disorders among children and adults in Uganda. A comprehensive systematic search for relevant studies reporting prevalence of mental disorders in children or adults in Uganda was conducted in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science databases and grey literature sources. Study was eligible if, validated instrument based on the International Classification of Diseases or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria to assess a mental disorder was used. Eligible studies were critically appraised, prevalence data extracted and pooled using the random-effects model. Certainty in the pooled prevalence estimates was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. A total of 632 records were obtained, of which 26 articles from 24 studies conducted in Uganda were included in the review. Overall and with moderate level of certainty, the prevalence of any mental disorder in Uganda was 22.9% (95% C.I 11.0% - 34.9%) in children and 24.2% (95% C.I 19.8% - 28.6%) in adults. Prevalence of anxiety disorders was 14.4% (95% C.I 4.9% - 24.0%) in children and 20.2% (95% C.I 14.5% - 25.9%) in adults. The prevalence of current depressive disorders was 22.2% (95% C.I 9.2% - 35.2%) in children and 21.2% (95% C.I 16.8% - 25.6%) in adults. Eating disorder and psychotic syndrome disorder were also reported. Our findings suggest that depression and anxiety disorders are common mental disorders in Uganda, affecting approximately one in four persons. The findings provide essential insights for health service planning, clinical practice, and future epidemiological research in Uganda.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Mental Disorders; Prevalence; Uganda
PubMed: 34427855
DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09941-8 -
American Journal of Infection Control Dec 2017Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are one of the most common hospital-acquired conditions and no longer reimbursable from Medicare as of 2008....
BACKGROUND
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are one of the most common hospital-acquired conditions and no longer reimbursable from Medicare as of 2008. Nurse-driven protocols (NDPs), which provide a medically approved rubric for professional nurses to make autonomous care decisions, can facilitate appropriate catheter use and timely removal, as advised in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2009 CAUTI prevention guidelines. However, little attempt has been made to systematically evaluate their effect on clinical outcomes.
METHODS
A systematic review of studies published in the United States since 2006 was performed, following guidelines from the Institute of Medicine. Sources included CINAHL, Medline, professional agencies, hand-searching, and expert consultation. Clinical predictors and prevalence of CAUTI were examined and synthesized qualitatively; heterogeneity of outcomes made a statistical meta-analysis inappropriate.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine studies were found eligible for inclusion. All used a case-control (pre-post) approach, and all reported reductions in clinical predictors of CAUTI, particularly indwelling-urinary catheter utilization and CAUTI rates. However, the number of CAUTIs remained unchanged in 1 study. A formal quality assessment revealed a high risk of bias; included studies met an average of 4.9 out of 11 quality indicators. Specifically, many did not use standardized measures.
CONCLUSIONS
NDPs appear to have a positive impact on the clinical predictors and prevalence of CAUTI. However, this review identified need for improving the study design of quality improvement projects conducted within the patient care setting.
Topics: Catheter-Related Infections; Catheters, Indwelling; Humans; Nurses; Prevalence; Quality Improvement; Urinary Catheters; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 28982611
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.07.020 -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Oct 2023Stray animals are unowned free roaming, homeless, abandoned, street or sheltered animals, particularly dogs, cats and cattle. They could act as carrier of several... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Stray animals are unowned free roaming, homeless, abandoned, street or sheltered animals, particularly dogs, cats and cattle. They could act as carrier of several zoonotic pathogens such as rabies virus, Mycobacterium and Brucella species. However, comprehensive information on the prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in stray animals is very limited. We conducted a systematic review as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in stray dogs, cats and cattle. Eligibility criteria for the study were determined using the PECOS classification (population, exposure, comparison, outcome, study design) as a tool to guide the research and adjust the search strategy. Major bibliographic databases [Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and PubMed] were searched using predefined keywords for published epidemiological studies on brucellosis in stray animals (dogs, cats and cattle). Systematic assessments of all the studies since 1990-2022 were conducted and those reporting the prevalence of brucellosis in stray dogs, cats and cattle using appropriate diagnostic tests (culture, molecular, serological) were included. Studies reporting prevalence of brucellosis (Brucella infection or exposure) in kennel dogs, dairy herds, livestock farms, humans or marine species were excluded. The apparent individual test- wise prevalence along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated using Epitools. Out of 2689 studies, 37 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Of 37 studies, 28 (75.7%) were conducted in stray dogs, 7 (18.9%) in cattle and 2 (5.4%) in cats. Furthermore, only 21.62% studies (8/37) used probabilistic random sampling approaches and 13.51% studies (5/37) explained and justified the study sample size using appropriate methods for estimation of disease prevalence in the study populations. Higher sero-prevalence in stray dogs has been reported in studies conducted in Jordan (38.0% (95% CI: 24.0-54.0) and Pakistan (38.0% (95% CI: 31.0-45.0) whereas no sero-positivity was recorded in the studies conducted in Brazil, North Colombia, Cyprus, South Korea and USA. All studies on brucellosis (n = 7) in stray cattle were from India; conducted in stray cattle reared in cow-shelters. Sero-prevalence in the range of 4.3%- 64.3% was reported in stray cattle. Differences in diagnostic tests and host species, as well as limited number and non-randomized studies and high statistical heterogeneity did not allow us to determine combined meta-analysed prevalence estimates. Stray animals are likely to pose a zoonotic and disease spillover risk to human and livestock populations.
Topics: Female; Animals; Cattle; Dogs; Cats; Humans; Brucella; Prevalence; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Brucellosis; Animals, Wild; Livestock; Cat Diseases; Cattle Diseases; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37669604
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106017 -
BMJ Open Apr 2017Acne, a very common skin disease, can result in psychological distress and sustain impairment in quality of life. Data on the prevalence of acne and the differences in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Acne, a very common skin disease, can result in psychological distress and sustain impairment in quality of life. Data on the prevalence of acne and the differences in gender, region and age are limited. The aim of this review is to estimate the prevalence of acne in Mainland China comprehensively and to quantify its association with gender, region and age.
METHODS
We searched electronic databases with predetermined search terms to identify relevant studies published between 1 January 1996 and 30 September 2016. We pointed out repeated results using Note Express software and evaluated the studies for inclusion. Two independent reviewers extracted the data, followed with statistical analyses using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2.0. A random effects model was adopted to calculate the overall pooled prevalence and to merge categories, including gender (males and females), region (Northern China and Southern China) and age (primary and secondary students: 7-17 years old; undergraduates: 18-23 years old; overall: no limits of age) for subgroup analyses. Logistic meta-regression analysis was used to clarify the associations between acne and the predictors age, gender and region using OR and their associated 95% CI.
RESULTS
25 relevant studies were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence rates of acne were 39.2% (95% CI 0.310 to 0.479). The prevalence rates in different age groups were 10.2% overall (95% CI 0.059 to 0.171), 50.2% for primary and secondary students (95% CI 0.451 to 0.554), and 44.5% for undergraduates (95% CI 0.358 to 0.534); by gender, the prevalence rates were 35.7% for females (95% CI 0.275 to 0.448) and 39.7% for males (95% CI 0.317 to 0.482); and by region, the prevalence rates were 34.2% for Northern China (95% CI 0.242 to 0.458) and 46.3% for Southern China (95% CI 0.374 to 0.555). The associations between acne and the predictors age, gender and region were statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
In Mainland China, primary and secondary students exhibited higher prevalence rates than undergraduate students; males had higher prevalence rates of acne than females; and the prevalence rates of acne in Southern China was higher than Northern China.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; China; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 28432064
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015354